BACKGROUND Remote areas of Pakistan do not have access to quality healthcare and experienced heal... more BACKGROUND Remote areas of Pakistan do not have access to quality healthcare and experienced healthcare professionals within their communities. Telehealth increases the accessibility of healthcare services, using innovative solutions such as teleconsultation and school settings can be utilized as a powerful healthcare platform. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the effectiveness of introducing school-based Tele-Consultation Services (TCS) in strengthening community health in a semi-rural area of Karachi, Pakistan METHODS This study employed a mixed-method design to address the objectives. The total number of students who were enrolled for the quantitative component was 393 while 35 parents, teachers, and stakeholders of the community participated in the qualitative arm (focused group discussion) study. Proportional computation was done for the quantitative data using SPSS version 24, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis guided by Creswell 2013. RESULTS A total of 10...
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, and therefore, tremendous researc... more Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, and therefore, tremendous research work is continuously being done around the world with consideration of etiopathogenesis as well as identification of therapeutic targets. Decades of continuous war in Afghanistan has left the medical infrastructure of the country in a miserable situation. There is a serious deficiency in research work in the fields of pathology and oncology at the moment with minimal data available to elaborate about the demographic characteristics of various malignant disorders in the country, which would be indispensable to pave the way for further research and development. Patients and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the prevalence, distribution, and important histopathological features of malignant tumors reported at tertiary level in Afghanistan. Results: Out of 2328 consecutive cases of solid malignant tumors included in our study, 93.8% were primary and 6.2% were metastatic. Breast was the most common site of origin for primary malignancy (29.5%) in females; however, in males, esophagus was the leading site for primary malignant tumors (16.3%). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histologic type of malignancy in females (87.9%). However, in both genders, squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus and skin, osteosarcoma of bone and soft tissue, and glioblastoma of central nervous system were the most common histologic types of malignancies diagnosed. Small intestine was a frequently involved site affected by extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Overall, the majority of the cancers were diagnosed in stage-II. Conclusion: Findings in our study were somewhat similar to data presented elsewhere in the world, with some significant differences that could be related to the local factors. Our study revealed that most of the malignant tumors were diagnosed in later stages of the disease, attributable to scarcity of specialized oncology institutions and public awareness.
Education is one of the vital social determinants of health. Health and education share a symbiot... more Education is one of the vital social determinants of health. Health and education share a symbiotic relationship for all cadre including children and adolescents to ensure that they are well equipped to combat the health risk in the environment. The current literature globally found some initiatives to create health awareness among school children. However, there is a dearth of studies available addressing parental health awareness through school platforms. Therefore, the current study aims to fill this gap, and the Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery initiated the School Health Program (SHP) in one of the remote communities in Sindh, Pakistan. The overall goal of the study was to improve children’s health by enhancing the health awareness of the parents through school platforms utilizing online modalities. Another objective of this study was to identify the effect of using eLearning on parental knowledge and perceptions. The study utilized a sequential explanatory m...
MLN4924, a small molecular inhibitor of NEDD8 (neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally ... more MLN4924, a small molecular inhibitor of NEDD8 (neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8) activating enzyme (NAE), blocks cullin neddylation to inactivate cullin-RING ligase. We found that MLN4924 has additional activities: it triggers EGFR dimerization and activation of RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT1 signals to stimulate tumor sphere formation and inhibit ciliogenesis; and it triggers PKM2 tetramerization to promote glycolysis.
Symmetries play an essential role in identifying and characterizing topological states of matter.... more Symmetries play an essential role in identifying and characterizing topological states of matter. Here, we classify topologically two-dimensional (2D) insulators and semimetals with vanishing spin-orbit coupling using time-reversal (T) and inversion (I) symmetry. This allows us to link the presence of edge states in I and T symmetric 2D insulators, which are topologically trivial according to the Altland-Zirnbauer table, to a Z2 topological invariant. This invariant is directly related to the quantization of the Zak phase. It also predicts the generic presence of edge states in Dirac semimetals, in the absence of chiral symmetry. We then apply our findings to bilayer black phosphorus and show the occurrence of a gate-induced topological phase transition, where the Z2 invariant changes.
A search for stable strange quark nuggets has been conducted in helium and argon using a high sen... more A search for stable strange quark nuggets has been conducted in helium and argon using a high sensitivity mass spectrometer. The search was guided by a mass formula for strange quark nuggets which suggested that stable strange helium might exist at a mass around 65 u. The chemical similarity of such "strangelets" to noble gas atoms and the gravitational unboundedness of normal helium result in a large enhancement in the sensitivity of such a search. An abundance limit of no more than 2 • 10 −11 strangelets per normal nucleus is imposed by our search over a mass region from 42 to 82 u, with much more stringent limits at most (non-integer) masses.
[Clinical Session Presentation] Background: Stress is the major cause of physiological and psycho... more [Clinical Session Presentation] Background: Stress is the major cause of physiological and psychological disorders. It is proved that the homeless children are at risk to get stress due to their unmet needs that are essential to meet according to Maslow?s hierarchy. Therefore, a study project is ...
The standard of education can be improved if educators actively assess themselves or have someone... more The standard of education can be improved if educators actively assess themselves or have someone else evaluate their teaching skills. Reflection on multiple aspects of teaching can be used as a powerful tool for worldwide educationists. Teaching, particularly in nursing discipline, strives to move beyond the simple divulgence of facts and knowledge. It widens student’s horizons, stimulates their intellects, and teaches them to become self directed. This manuscript is a qualitative review of observations in a class of nursing with context to teaching skills and its impact on students ’ interest in learning during the class. The authors have used their reflections to discuss the ways to improve teaching methodology and related them with various teaching learning theories.
目標：透過將綜合性學校衛生計畫應用在巴基斯坦卡拉奇的一所高中，藉以評估學校健康教育計劃的需求、常見的健康議題、對健康的知識和態度，以及學生、教師與家長的自覺需求。方法：採焦點團體法與250位學生... more 目標：透過將綜合性學校衛生計畫應用在巴基斯坦卡拉奇的一所高中，藉以評估學校健康教育計劃的需求、常見的健康議題、對健康的知識和態度，以及學生、教師與家長的自覺需求。方法：採焦點團體法與250位學生、35位教師進行訪談，以及對16名家長進行問卷調查，將收集到的資料進行主題分析，並依據主題，由一位學校保健室的護理人員制定並實施健康教育課程。結果：學生們傾向於注重身體健康，而父母則傾向於心理和社會發展的相關層面，教師則強調輔導學生的社會心理問題。在課程實施後，帶來一些新的影響，例如：食堂委員會的成立以確保供應健康的食物，以及增設輔導設施，協助學生應付日常生活壓力。結論：此計畫在執行學生健康促進方面來說是成功的，且此架構可作為發展中國家其他有相似需求，並希冀經營和指導學生有關學校健康促進之概念的參考。
Violence against youth is a global issue; one form of youth victimization is school corporal puni... more Violence against youth is a global issue; one form of youth victimization is school corporal punishment. We use baseline assessments from a cluster randomized controlled trial to examine the prevalence of school corporal punishment, by gender, and the relationship to levels of peer violence at school, parent corporal punishment, youth food security and youth academic performance and school attendance in Pakistan. Forty homogenous public schools in the urban city of Hyderabad, Pakistan were chosen for randomization into the trial evaluating a youth violence prevention intervention. 1752 6 th graders, age 11-14 years, were selected as the target population. Since schools are segregated by gender in Pakistan, data are from interviews in 20 boys' schools and 20 girls' schools. Overall, 91.4% of boys and 60.9% of girls reported corporal punishment at school in the previous 4 weeks and 60.3% of boys had been physically punished at home in the past 4 weeks compared to 37.1% of girls. Structural equation modeling revealed one direct pathway for both boys and girls from food insecurity to corporal punishment at school while indirect pathways were mediated by depression, the number of days missed from school and school performance and for boys also by engagement in peer violence. Exposure to corporal punishment in school and from parents differs by gender, but in both boys and girls poverty in the form of food insecurity was an important risk factor, with the result that poorer children are victimized more by adults.
Objective: Nursing is considered a growing profession worldwide, but nurses in developing world l... more Objective: Nursing is considered a growing profession worldwide, but nurses in developing world like Pakistan face challenges for their empowerment within and inter professions. The overwhelming feeling of being oppressed shatters nurses’ confidence and self-esteem and hinders their growth and development of the profession as well.Methods: To guide professional growth and empowerment of nursing in Pakistan, a qualitative descriptive study was aimed to discover challenges, strategies and outcomes of empowerment of nurse leaders in Pakistan. Twelve nurses serving as leaders in nursing organization of Pakistan, who fulfilled inclusive criteria were interviewed about their perception of the challenges, strategies and outcomes of empowerment for Pakistani nurses.Results and Conclusions: Nurses in Pakistan are facing great turbulence regarding their professional empowerment, but nursing leaders are striving hard at personal, institutional and government levels to help nurse understand the...
Background: In a patriarchal society like Pakistan, where women are oppressed, women dominating p... more Background: In a patriarchal society like Pakistan, where women are oppressed, women dominating professions like nursing is mostly seen as disempowered and requires considerable struggle to achieve its due recognition and respect. Aim: This study aims to explore the experiences of empowerment among the nursing leaders of Pakistan.Methods: This study uses a qualitative descriptive design. Total of twelve Pakistani Nursing leaders were interviewed using semi-structured interview guideline to explore their experiences of empowerment.Results: The study findings revealed five major categories which include: status of a nurse, nursing profession, power relationships, value-belief system, and leadership and management.Conclusions: Nurses’ empowerment is essential for enhancing the image and status of nursing profession in Pakistan. The study identified various personal and professional factors affecting nurses’ empowerment in the country and suggests various strategies, such as access to h...
Child peer violence is a global problem and seriously impacts health and education. There are few... more Child peer violence is a global problem and seriously impacts health and education. There are few research studies available in Pakistan, or South Asia. We describe the prevalence of peer violence, associations, and pathways between socio-economic status, school performance, gender attitudes and violence at home. 1752 children were recruited into a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted on 40 fairly homogeneous public schools (20 for girls and 20 for boys), in Hyderabad, Pakistan. This was ranging from 20-65 children per school. All children were interviewed with questionnaires at baseline. Few children had no experience of peer violence in the previous 4 weeks (21.7% of girls vs.7% of boys). Some were victims (28.6%, of girls vs. 17.9% of boys), some only perpetrated (3.3% of girls vs. 2.5%) but mostly they perpetrated and were victims (46.4%.of girls vs 72.6%. of boys). The girls' multivariable models showed that missing the last school day due to work, witnessing her father fight a man in the last month and having more patriarchal gender attitudes were associated with both experiencing violence and perpetration, while, hunger was associated with perpetration only. For boys, missing two or more days of school in the last month, poorer school performance and more patriarchal attitudes were associated with both victimization and perpetration. Witnessing father fight, was associated with peer violence perpetration for boys. These findings are additionally confirmed with structural models.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019
OBJECTIVE To explore the perceptions and experiences of students and faculty about the modified c... more OBJECTIVE To explore the perceptions and experiences of students and faculty about the modified community clinical model. METHODS The descriptive qualitative study was conducted at a nationally-accredited Baccalaureate School of Nursing and Midwifery in Pakistan in November 2016, and comprised final year students enrolled in Advanced Concepts in Community Health Nursing course, and experienced community health nursing faculty members. Individual interviews were conducted with students while faculty members were requested to write out their reflections. On the basis of this data, codes and categories were identified which led to two broader themes; window of opportunities, and challenges in practice. RESULTS Of the 17 subjects, 12 (70.6%) were students and 5(29.4%) were faculty members. All subjects were females. The window of opportunities theme had three categories: perceived comfort and safety; stakeholder's involvement and support; and open door for personal recognition and s...
Background: Young school going children are at high risk of acquiring communicable and non-commun... more Background: Young school going children are at high risk of acquiring communicable and non-communicable diseases and the situation is alarming in low and middle income countries (LMICs). The prospects are further worsened by poverty and inadequate water and sanitation facilities. This all significantly affect young children’s cognitive, motor and socio-emotional development. Concept of health promoting schools (HPS) has long been advocated where schools are viewed as healthy settings for living, learning and working. Countries around the world have implemented diverse components of HPS, which are delivering promising results.  Current State and Proposed Model: The paper attempts to highlight the need for school health promotion, and reports on the health promotion activities being carried out in a peri-urban school settlement in Pakistan by the Rural Educational Promotion and Development Society (REPDS), Pakistan in collaboration with Aga Khan University (AKU), Pakistan. Health ...
Aga Khan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery (AKU-SONAM), *Marketing Consultant, YouGotaG... more Aga Khan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery (AKU-SONAM), *Marketing Consultant, YouGotaGift.com In today’s complex world of relationships and affiliations, especially with the invasion of technology in our routine lives and lot of environmental factors; parenting has become a challenging phenomenon especially from the perspective of values and morals. Children’s upcoming/growing behaviour is a reflection of early childhood parenting, which is not only depicted in academia but as well as in their psychosocial interactions and behaviours. With the passage of time, several challenges of child rearing have been brought forward to parents to sustain a society based on values and morals held high by the human civilization. Since ages, the need for parent education has eventually increased (training parents to aptly choose between correct and incorrect strategies to deal with their children). Based on the case study, this paper will discuss about the childhood parenting challenges...
BACKGROUND Remote areas of Pakistan do not have access to quality healthcare and experienced heal... more BACKGROUND Remote areas of Pakistan do not have access to quality healthcare and experienced healthcare professionals within their communities. Telehealth increases the accessibility of healthcare services, using innovative solutions such as teleconsultation and school settings can be utilized as a powerful healthcare platform. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the effectiveness of introducing school-based Tele-Consultation Services (TCS) in strengthening community health in a semi-rural area of Karachi, Pakistan METHODS This study employed a mixed-method design to address the objectives. The total number of students who were enrolled for the quantitative component was 393 while 35 parents, teachers, and stakeholders of the community participated in the qualitative arm (focused group discussion) study. Proportional computation was done for the quantitative data using SPSS version 24, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis guided by Creswell 2013. RESULTS A total of 10...
Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, and therefore, tremendous researc... more Cancer is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity, and therefore, tremendous research work is continuously being done around the world with consideration of etiopathogenesis as well as identification of therapeutic targets. Decades of continuous war in Afghanistan has left the medical infrastructure of the country in a miserable situation. There is a serious deficiency in research work in the fields of pathology and oncology at the moment with minimal data available to elaborate about the demographic characteristics of various malignant disorders in the country, which would be indispensable to pave the way for further research and development. Patients and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to describe the prevalence, distribution, and important histopathological features of malignant tumors reported at tertiary level in Afghanistan. Results: Out of 2328 consecutive cases of solid malignant tumors included in our study, 93.8% were primary and 6.2% were metastatic. Breast was the most common site of origin for primary malignancy (29.5%) in females; however, in males, esophagus was the leading site for primary malignant tumors (16.3%). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histologic type of malignancy in females (87.9%). However, in both genders, squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus and skin, osteosarcoma of bone and soft tissue, and glioblastoma of central nervous system were the most common histologic types of malignancies diagnosed. Small intestine was a frequently involved site affected by extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Overall, the majority of the cancers were diagnosed in stage-II. Conclusion: Findings in our study were somewhat similar to data presented elsewhere in the world, with some significant differences that could be related to the local factors. Our study revealed that most of the malignant tumors were diagnosed in later stages of the disease, attributable to scarcity of specialized oncology institutions and public awareness.
Education is one of the vital social determinants of health. Health and education share a symbiot... more Education is one of the vital social determinants of health. Health and education share a symbiotic relationship for all cadre including children and adolescents to ensure that they are well equipped to combat the health risk in the environment. The current literature globally found some initiatives to create health awareness among school children. However, there is a dearth of studies available addressing parental health awareness through school platforms. Therefore, the current study aims to fill this gap, and the Aga Khan University School of Nursing and Midwifery initiated the School Health Program (SHP) in one of the remote communities in Sindh, Pakistan. The overall goal of the study was to improve children’s health by enhancing the health awareness of the parents through school platforms utilizing online modalities. Another objective of this study was to identify the effect of using eLearning on parental knowledge and perceptions. The study utilized a sequential explanatory m...
MLN4924, a small molecular inhibitor of NEDD8 (neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally ... more MLN4924, a small molecular inhibitor of NEDD8 (neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8) activating enzyme (NAE), blocks cullin neddylation to inactivate cullin-RING ligase. We found that MLN4924 has additional activities: it triggers EGFR dimerization and activation of RAS/MAPK and PI3K/AKT1 signals to stimulate tumor sphere formation and inhibit ciliogenesis; and it triggers PKM2 tetramerization to promote glycolysis.
Symmetries play an essential role in identifying and characterizing topological states of matter.... more Symmetries play an essential role in identifying and characterizing topological states of matter. Here, we classify topologically two-dimensional (2D) insulators and semimetals with vanishing spin-orbit coupling using time-reversal (T) and inversion (I) symmetry. This allows us to link the presence of edge states in I and T symmetric 2D insulators, which are topologically trivial according to the Altland-Zirnbauer table, to a Z2 topological invariant. This invariant is directly related to the quantization of the Zak phase. It also predicts the generic presence of edge states in Dirac semimetals, in the absence of chiral symmetry. We then apply our findings to bilayer black phosphorus and show the occurrence of a gate-induced topological phase transition, where the Z2 invariant changes.
A search for stable strange quark nuggets has been conducted in helium and argon using a high sen... more A search for stable strange quark nuggets has been conducted in helium and argon using a high sensitivity mass spectrometer. The search was guided by a mass formula for strange quark nuggets which suggested that stable strange helium might exist at a mass around 65 u. The chemical similarity of such "strangelets" to noble gas atoms and the gravitational unboundedness of normal helium result in a large enhancement in the sensitivity of such a search. An abundance limit of no more than 2 • 10 −11 strangelets per normal nucleus is imposed by our search over a mass region from 42 to 82 u, with much more stringent limits at most (non-integer) masses.
[Clinical Session Presentation] Background: Stress is the major cause of physiological and psycho... more [Clinical Session Presentation] Background: Stress is the major cause of physiological and psychological disorders. It is proved that the homeless children are at risk to get stress due to their unmet needs that are essential to meet according to Maslow?s hierarchy. Therefore, a study project is ...
The standard of education can be improved if educators actively assess themselves or have someone... more The standard of education can be improved if educators actively assess themselves or have someone else evaluate their teaching skills. Reflection on multiple aspects of teaching can be used as a powerful tool for worldwide educationists. Teaching, particularly in nursing discipline, strives to move beyond the simple divulgence of facts and knowledge. It widens student’s horizons, stimulates their intellects, and teaches them to become self directed. This manuscript is a qualitative review of observations in a class of nursing with context to teaching skills and its impact on students ’ interest in learning during the class. The authors have used their reflections to discuss the ways to improve teaching methodology and related them with various teaching learning theories.
目標：透過將綜合性學校衛生計畫應用在巴基斯坦卡拉奇的一所高中，藉以評估學校健康教育計劃的需求、常見的健康議題、對健康的知識和態度，以及學生、教師與家長的自覺需求。方法：採焦點團體法與250位學生... more 目標：透過將綜合性學校衛生計畫應用在巴基斯坦卡拉奇的一所高中，藉以評估學校健康教育計劃的需求、常見的健康議題、對健康的知識和態度，以及學生、教師與家長的自覺需求。方法：採焦點團體法與250位學生、35位教師進行訪談，以及對16名家長進行問卷調查，將收集到的資料進行主題分析，並依據主題，由一位學校保健室的護理人員制定並實施健康教育課程。結果：學生們傾向於注重身體健康，而父母則傾向於心理和社會發展的相關層面，教師則強調輔導學生的社會心理問題。在課程實施後，帶來一些新的影響，例如：食堂委員會的成立以確保供應健康的食物，以及增設輔導設施，協助學生應付日常生活壓力。結論：此計畫在執行學生健康促進方面來說是成功的，且此架構可作為發展中國家其他有相似需求，並希冀經營和指導學生有關學校健康促進之概念的參考。
Violence against youth is a global issue; one form of youth victimization is school corporal puni... more Violence against youth is a global issue; one form of youth victimization is school corporal punishment. We use baseline assessments from a cluster randomized controlled trial to examine the prevalence of school corporal punishment, by gender, and the relationship to levels of peer violence at school, parent corporal punishment, youth food security and youth academic performance and school attendance in Pakistan. Forty homogenous public schools in the urban city of Hyderabad, Pakistan were chosen for randomization into the trial evaluating a youth violence prevention intervention. 1752 6 th graders, age 11-14 years, were selected as the target population. Since schools are segregated by gender in Pakistan, data are from interviews in 20 boys' schools and 20 girls' schools. Overall, 91.4% of boys and 60.9% of girls reported corporal punishment at school in the previous 4 weeks and 60.3% of boys had been physically punished at home in the past 4 weeks compared to 37.1% of girls. Structural equation modeling revealed one direct pathway for both boys and girls from food insecurity to corporal punishment at school while indirect pathways were mediated by depression, the number of days missed from school and school performance and for boys also by engagement in peer violence. Exposure to corporal punishment in school and from parents differs by gender, but in both boys and girls poverty in the form of food insecurity was an important risk factor, with the result that poorer children are victimized more by adults.
Objective: Nursing is considered a growing profession worldwide, but nurses in developing world l... more Objective: Nursing is considered a growing profession worldwide, but nurses in developing world like Pakistan face challenges for their empowerment within and inter professions. The overwhelming feeling of being oppressed shatters nurses’ confidence and self-esteem and hinders their growth and development of the profession as well.Methods: To guide professional growth and empowerment of nursing in Pakistan, a qualitative descriptive study was aimed to discover challenges, strategies and outcomes of empowerment of nurse leaders in Pakistan. Twelve nurses serving as leaders in nursing organization of Pakistan, who fulfilled inclusive criteria were interviewed about their perception of the challenges, strategies and outcomes of empowerment for Pakistani nurses.Results and Conclusions: Nurses in Pakistan are facing great turbulence regarding their professional empowerment, but nursing leaders are striving hard at personal, institutional and government levels to help nurse understand the...
Background: In a patriarchal society like Pakistan, where women are oppressed, women dominating p... more Background: In a patriarchal society like Pakistan, where women are oppressed, women dominating professions like nursing is mostly seen as disempowered and requires considerable struggle to achieve its due recognition and respect. Aim: This study aims to explore the experiences of empowerment among the nursing leaders of Pakistan.Methods: This study uses a qualitative descriptive design. Total of twelve Pakistani Nursing leaders were interviewed using semi-structured interview guideline to explore their experiences of empowerment.Results: The study findings revealed five major categories which include: status of a nurse, nursing profession, power relationships, value-belief system, and leadership and management.Conclusions: Nurses’ empowerment is essential for enhancing the image and status of nursing profession in Pakistan. The study identified various personal and professional factors affecting nurses’ empowerment in the country and suggests various strategies, such as access to h...
Child peer violence is a global problem and seriously impacts health and education. There are few... more Child peer violence is a global problem and seriously impacts health and education. There are few research studies available in Pakistan, or South Asia. We describe the prevalence of peer violence, associations, and pathways between socio-economic status, school performance, gender attitudes and violence at home. 1752 children were recruited into a cluster randomized controlled trial conducted on 40 fairly homogeneous public schools (20 for girls and 20 for boys), in Hyderabad, Pakistan. This was ranging from 20-65 children per school. All children were interviewed with questionnaires at baseline. Few children had no experience of peer violence in the previous 4 weeks (21.7% of girls vs.7% of boys). Some were victims (28.6%, of girls vs. 17.9% of boys), some only perpetrated (3.3% of girls vs. 2.5%) but mostly they perpetrated and were victims (46.4%.of girls vs 72.6%. of boys). The girls' multivariable models showed that missing the last school day due to work, witnessing her father fight a man in the last month and having more patriarchal gender attitudes were associated with both experiencing violence and perpetration, while, hunger was associated with perpetration only. For boys, missing two or more days of school in the last month, poorer school performance and more patriarchal attitudes were associated with both victimization and perpetration. Witnessing father fight, was associated with peer violence perpetration for boys. These findings are additionally confirmed with structural models.
JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 2019
OBJECTIVE To explore the perceptions and experiences of students and faculty about the modified c... more OBJECTIVE To explore the perceptions and experiences of students and faculty about the modified community clinical model. METHODS The descriptive qualitative study was conducted at a nationally-accredited Baccalaureate School of Nursing and Midwifery in Pakistan in November 2016, and comprised final year students enrolled in Advanced Concepts in Community Health Nursing course, and experienced community health nursing faculty members. Individual interviews were conducted with students while faculty members were requested to write out their reflections. On the basis of this data, codes and categories were identified which led to two broader themes; window of opportunities, and challenges in practice. RESULTS Of the 17 subjects, 12 (70.6%) were students and 5(29.4%) were faculty members. All subjects were females. The window of opportunities theme had three categories: perceived comfort and safety; stakeholder's involvement and support; and open door for personal recognition and s...
Background: Young school going children are at high risk of acquiring communicable and non-commun... more Background: Young school going children are at high risk of acquiring communicable and non-communicable diseases and the situation is alarming in low and middle income countries (LMICs). The prospects are further worsened by poverty and inadequate water and sanitation facilities. This all significantly affect young children’s cognitive, motor and socio-emotional development. Concept of health promoting schools (HPS) has long been advocated where schools are viewed as healthy settings for living, learning and working. Countries around the world have implemented diverse components of HPS, which are delivering promising results.  Current State and Proposed Model: The paper attempts to highlight the need for school health promotion, and reports on the health promotion activities being carried out in a peri-urban school settlement in Pakistan by the Rural Educational Promotion and Development Society (REPDS), Pakistan in collaboration with Aga Khan University (AKU), Pakistan. Health ...
Aga Khan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery (AKU-SONAM), *Marketing Consultant, YouGotaG... more Aga Khan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery (AKU-SONAM), *Marketing Consultant, YouGotaGift.com In today’s complex world of relationships and affiliations, especially with the invasion of technology in our routine lives and lot of environmental factors; parenting has become a challenging phenomenon especially from the perspective of values and morals. Children’s upcoming/growing behaviour is a reflection of early childhood parenting, which is not only depicted in academia but as well as in their psychosocial interactions and behaviours. With the passage of time, several challenges of child rearing have been brought forward to parents to sustain a society based on values and morals held high by the human civilization. Since ages, the need for parent education has eventually increased (training parents to aptly choose between correct and incorrect strategies to deal with their children). Based on the case study, this paper will discuss about the childhood parenting challenges...
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Papers by Saleema Gulzar