Papers by Sabahat Arif Arif
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, Apr 1, 2018
Effective utilization of the available resources is imperative approach to achieve the apex of pr... more Effective utilization of the available resources is imperative approach to achieve the apex of productivity. The modern world is focusing on the conditioning, sustainability and recycling of the assets by imparting innovative techniques and methodologies. Keeping this in view, an experimental study was conducted to evaluate the strength of concrete made with treated waste water for structural use. In this study ninetysix cylinders of four mixes with coarse aggregates in combination with FW (Fresh Water), WW (Wastewater), TWW (Treated Wastewater) and TS (Treated Sewage)were prepared. The workability of fresh concrete was checked before pouring of cylinders. The test cylinders were left for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days for curing. After curing, the compressive strength was measured on hardened concrete cylinders accordingly. Test results showed that workability of all the four mixes were between 25-50mm but ultimate compressive strength of concrete with WW was decreased and with TWW, TS at the age of 28 days do not change significantly. This research will open a new wicket in the horizon of recycling of construction materials. The conditioning and cyclic utilization will reduce the cost of the construction and building materials as well as minimize the use of natural resources. This novelty and calculating approach will save our natural assets and resources.
Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, And Environmental Effects, Dec 21, 2011
Thin films of cadmium selenide were prepared by thermal evaporation. The films were grown at diff... more Thin films of cadmium selenide were prepared by thermal evaporation. The films were grown at different substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature to 300°C. All the films were grown under similar conditions (i.e., the chamber pressure and source current were held constant). The films were characterized optically, electrically, and structurally. The result of optical and electrical investigation shows that these
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2016
This research work deals with a study of a residential building located in climatic context of Ka... more This research work deals with a study of a residential building located in climatic context of Karachi with the objective of being the study of thermal performance based upon passive design techniques. The study helps in reducing the electricity consumption by improving indoor temperatures. The existing residential buildings in Karachi were studied with reference to their planning and design, analyzed and evaluated. Different construction’s compositions of buildings were identified, surveyed and analyzed in making of the effective building envelops. Autodesk® Ecotect, 2011 was used to determine indoor comfort conditions and HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning and Cooling) loads. The result of the research depicted significant energy savings of 38.5% in HVAC loads with proposed building envelop of locally available materials and glazing.
Flow resistance is a key factor in predicting the river conveyance capacity and associated water ... more Flow resistance is a key factor in predicting the river conveyance capacity and associated water levels. In addition to bed resistance, the obstacles (embankments, spur dikes etc.) in the flood plain of a river contribute to the flow resistance. In particular the elevated parts are expected to play an important role. The objective of this study is to develop and parameterize an analytical model for the form drag due to such obstacles. An experimental study was carried out for validation purposes of the developed analytical model. The prototype weir-like structure (in the form of an embankment) was modeled as a weir with various leeside slopes. Measurements for energy head losses were carried out for a range of discharges and downstream water levels covering submerged flow conditions. The energy head loss due to submerged dikes was modeled as an expansion loss form drag. The analytical form drag model was estimated using a one-dimensional momentum conservation equation which accounts...
Indoor thermal comfort in a building has been an important issue for the environmental sustainabi... more Indoor thermal comfort in a building has been an important issue for the environmental sustainability. It is an accepted fact that their designs and planning consume a lot of energy in the modern architecture of 20 th and 21 st centuries. An appropriate orientation of a building can provide thermally comfortable indoor temperatures which otherwise can consume extra energy to condition these spaces through all the seasons. This experimental study investigates the potential effect of this solar passive design strategy on indoor temperatures and a simple model is presented for predicting indoor temperatures based upon the ambient temperatures.
As the sustainable settlements have been included as a vital end product of all planning exercise... more As the sustainable settlements have been included as a vital end product of all planning exercises, the architectural layouts should be well integrated with the sun path charts and the orientations of windows. Appropriate orientations can offer thermally indoor conditions besides physical and psychological comfort in any settlement at lesser energy demand. This investigation uses a vast number of computer simulations to visualize and make better decisions about heating and cooling requirements of a building and facades as a function of window orientation in composite climatic condition of Lahore. This study in particular evaluates the solar load in residential buildings responsive to the objective of sustainable new housing leading to thoughtful integration of architecture. The orientation of the buildings could then be essentially integrated to the current architectural and urban design practices in order to optimize the relationship between the given site ant the orientations for ...
Nucleus, 2011
Energy shortage and environmental catastrophe is the severe problem globally and particularly imp... more Energy shortage and environmental catastrophe is the severe problem globally and particularly important for the developing countries like Pakistan. There is a serious need to solve the problem for a sustainable building environment as the building sector has become a major consumer of energy. An attempt has been made for the building professionals and building users for adherence into their design and construction the energy conservation measures to reduce environmental problems more easily after the thorough review of the famous authors' research work and findings in this field. The ultimate aim is the establishment of awareness for the building professionals for delivering sustainable buildings in Pakistan. Through the implementation of design measures to mitigate the urban heat island, the general public can decrease their demand for energy and effectively cool the urban landscape. In addition to the economic benefits, energy conservation leads to reductions in CO2 emissions.
This paper, through experimental study and literary sources investigates the utilization of rubbe... more This paper, through experimental study and literary sources investigates the utilization of rubber waste in developing Green Concrete (GC). The natural aggregate (sand) of Conventional Concrete (CC) is replaced as 10%, 20% and 30% with coarse and fine rubber aggregate. The samples were tested in laboratory after a specific time on various aspects including compression strength and results were compared with each other and also with Conventional Concrete Mix (CCM). The paper concludes that structural and non structural rubberized concrete can be developed by using specific quantity of rubber waste in placement of fine and coarse aggregates in conventional concrete. The key objective of this research is to find out an efficient solution for utilizing rubber waste for better environment and also to provide initiative for concerned government organization for framing effective legislation for the use of rubberized concrete in building and construction industries.
This study on Passive design considerations for the solar orientation focuses residential buildin... more This study on Passive design considerations for the solar orientation focuses residential buildings for its application in retrofitting the developments is proposed for energy conservation by the government and private sectors. This study integrates the experimental findings on test rooms at main orientations as a PhD dissertation for implementation in the residential sector in addition to many other identified features. Different practical environmental data is calculated for climatic consideration in architectural and urban design. The standard house planning and its configuration is presented in relation to orientation for the thermal control. The results of experimental study and simulations showed the SW an optimum orientation for heating and cooling requirements. (Sabahat Arif ,Arif Khan and Khalid Alamgir. BUILDING ORIENTATION AND ITS EFFECT ON HOUSE PLAN CONFIGURATION FOR THE CLIMATE OF LAHORE. Life Sci J 2012;9(4):362-368) (ISSN:1097- 8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com . 56
Thin film of amorphous carbon (DLC) was deposited on 316 steel using Nd:YAG laser having energy 3... more Thin film of amorphous carbon (DLC) was deposited on 316 steel using Nd:YAG laser having energy 300mJ. Pure graphite was used as a target. The vacuum in the deposition chamber was generated in the range of 10 mbar by turbo molecular pump. Ratio of sp3 to sp2 content shows amorphous nature of the film. This -6 was confirmed by Raman spectra having two peaks around 1300 cm-1 i.e. D-band to 1700 cm-1 i.e. G-band. If sp3 bonding ratio is high, the films behave like diamond-like whereas, with high sp2, films are graphite-like. The ratio of sp3 and sp2 contents in the film depends upon the deposition method, hydrogen contents and system parameters. The structural study of the film was carried out by XRD. The hardness of the films as measured by Vickers hardness tester and was found to be 28 GPa. The EDX result shows the presence of carbon contents on the surface in high rate and optical microscopy result shows the smoothness of the film on substrate. The film possesses good adhesion and c...
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology, 2016
Thermal insulation is the most effective energy saving measure for cooling in buildings. Therefor... more Thermal insulation is the most effective energy saving measure for cooling in buildings. Therefore, the main subject of many engineering investigations is the selection and determination of the optimum insulation thickness. In the present study, the optimum insulation thickness on external walls and roofs is determined based on the peak cooling loads for an existing residential building in Lahore, Pakistan. Autodesk® Revit 2013 is used for the analysis of the building and determination of the peak cooling loads. The analysis shows that the optimum insulation thickness to reduce peak cooling loads up to 40.1% is 1 inch for external walls and roof respectively.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 2015
Concrete is a major construction material used in the construction now a days. It is a composite ... more Concrete is a major construction material used in the construction now a days. It is a composite material containing cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and water. Fine aggregate is required in large quantities for manufacturing of concrete. Generally river sand is used as a fine aggregate. Due to increase in the utilization of concrete in construction sector, the need for river sand has been increased enormously. Limitations have been laid on the large scale mining of river sand from river beds. In this context there are cases of illegal mixing of sea sand with river sand. This paper mainly presents the practical study of the compressive strength of the concrete in which sea sand was used as fine aggregate is partially or completely replaced. For this study first control specimens were laid for M20 grade concrete. The fine aggregate proportion from the design mix was replaced partially in percentages of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% by sea sand. Compressive strength test was conducted on the various concrete specimens with various fine aggregate proportions and the results were tabulated. The compressive strengths of concrete specimens for respective mix proportions were tested at 7, 14 and 28 days of water curing. The behavior of concrete by partial replacement of fine aggregate with sea sand has been studied. With the increase in the percentage of sea sand replacement in concrete, the compressive strength of the concrete significantly reduced.
This paper describes the update and extension of the life cycle assessment (LCA) of photovoltaic ... more This paper describes the update and extension of the life cycle assessment (LCA) of photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the ecoinvent database v2.0. Sixteen different, grid-connected photovoltaic systems were studied for the situation in Switzerland in the year 2005. They are manufactured as panels or laminates, from silicon or thin-films, installed on façades, slanted or flat roofs, and have 3kWp capacity. Furthermore average photovoltaic production mix data have been investigated for more than 20 countries. The process data include the full process chain for panel and laminate production, mounting structure, 30 years operation and dismantling. The ecoinvent data v1.0 have been updated with information from new research projects and manufacturer data. The LCI for photovoltaic electricity shows that each production stage is important for certain elementary flows. A comparison of the cumulative energy demand with older Swiss studies highlights the developments for crystalline photovoltaics in the last 15 years. An evaluation of region specific energy pay-back times as well as mitigation potentials for nuclear waste and CO 2 highlights the region specific differences for an assessment. The presented life cycle inventories for photovoltaic power plants are representative for newly constructed plants in Switzerland in the year 2005. The very detailed ecoinvent data v2.0 forms a good basis for assessments of the use of photovoltaics in this reference year.
Spur dikes are used for river protection purposes. They are typical in-stream structures. There e... more Spur dikes are used for river protection purposes. They are typical in-stream structures. There existence results in a considerable change in the flow structure of open channel flow both upstream and downstream of the spur dike. This paper presents a numerical work conducted to get the mean and turbulent flow features under the influence of spur dike. Primary velocity distributions over cross sections and horizontal planes, streamlines over vertical sections and turbulence kinetic energy were investigated. The presence of spur dike was found to have disturbed all the investigated flow features along the length of the channel. The flow separation and recirculation was observed on the down stream side of the dike. The reversal of flow behind the dike was directed downwards from the surface. On the basis of the results obtained in this study, an attempt has been made to enhance the understanding of the flow patterns which exist in case of a spur dike which can further be used for development and improvement of formulae relevant to spur-dikes.
Journal of the Pakistan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 2013
In this research two possibilities are explored to produce Green Concrete (GC) by modifying the f... more In this research two possibilities are explored to produce Green Concrete (GC) by modifying the fine aggregates of Conventional Concrete (CC). A certain quantity of sand is replaced in CC with Brick Dust Waste (BDW) and Natural Fertilizer from Municipal Solid Waste (NFMSW). The major objective of the research is to contribute for sustainable environment by providing the ways for consuming waste and discarded materials and to reduce the utilization of natural aggregates in concrete. The GC is produced by substituting 10, 20 and 30 percent sand in CC with BDW and NFMSW. The properties and gradation of the substituting materials are studied through various tests. The samples are tested in laboratory at the age of 7, 28 and 56 days and the results are compared with Conventional Concrete (CC). The paper concludes that the replacement of 20 percent sand in conventional concrete with BDW is feasible for structural use in buildings and other areas while the modified CC with NFMSW can be us...
JOURNAL OF FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, 2013
This paper identifies the Railway Administrative buildings built during British Colonial Period i... more This paper identifies the Railway Administrative buildings built during British Colonial Period in Lahore. It explores the Planning Concepts and Architectural Features of buildings at individual level and compares them together for critically architectural analysis. The paper concludes that the major thrusts behind the railway administrative buildings were related to climatic considerations, building structure and overall statement of buildings. The results of the research would be useful for the professionals working on the conservation of Railway Administrative buildings of British India particularly and British Colonial architecture in general.
Abstract: This study on Passive design considerations for the solar orientation focuses residenti... more Abstract: This study on Passive design considerations for the solar orientation focuses residential buildings for its application in retrofitting the developments is proposed for energy conservation by the government and private sectors. This study integrates the experimental findings on test rooms at main orientations as a PhD dissertation for implementation in the residential sector in addition to many other identified features. Different practical environmental data is calculated for climatic consideration in architectural and urban design. The standard house planning and its configuration is presented in relation to orientation for the thermal control. The results of experimental study and simulations showed the SW an optimum orientation for heating and cooling requirements. [Sabahat Arif,Arif Khan and Khalid Alamgir. BUILDING ORIENTATION AND ITS EFFECT ON HOUSE
Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
Daylight is the occupied-range of light that is appropriate to the human visual response. Thus, i... more Daylight is the occupied-range of light that is appropriate to the human visual response. Thus, it can contribute to human health, performance and productivity. Energy consumption can be reduced by improving in energy efficiency. The study emphaseson the design of lighting system that will be energy efficient. The basic purpose of this paper describes how to reduce the mounted lighting load and improve the illumination level as per international standards. A good lighting scheme should be based on more energy efficient & longer life and maintenance free equipment. In this research paper,a hypothetical study space is selected for the daylight analysis on the Ecotect and the Radiance software on summer solstice and winter solstice days under over cast sky condition. Ecotect software is used to determine lighting demand inside the selected study space and the obtained data is exported on Radiance for detailed and more accurate daylight analysis. It is pragmatic that illuminance level i...
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Papers by Sabahat Arif Arif