Red Iberoamericana de Física y Química Ambiental. Sociedad Iberoamericana de Física y Química Amb... more Red Iberoamericana de Física y Química Ambiental. Sociedad Iberoamericana de Física y Química Ambiental. SiFyQA, Salamanca (2009) Juan F. Gallardo Lancho (Coord.)31 p.[ESP]Las emisiones de CO2 edáfico han sido escasamente estudiadas en Méjico y constituyen un componente importante de las emisiones totales de los ecosistemas; por ello se estudió en este trabajo la dinámica estaciona1 del flujo de CO, edáfico en un transecto altitudinal de suelos volcánicos con bosques de pino-encino que presentaban diferente nivel de degradación y en pastizales de Michoacán (Méjico). También se buscó una relación de las emisiones de CO, con algunos factores ambientales (humedad y temperatura edáfica) y su uso como componente dinámico del carbono orgánico edáfico (COS) para relacionarlo con los almacenes del mismo en el suelo, los cuales son el producto de los cambios en la vegetación por agentes perturbadores. Se encontró que el flujo de COZ edáfico presenta variaciones estacionales asociadas princip...
Para analizar la dinámica del carbono orgánico de los suelos (COS) asociada a su cambio de uso, d... more Para analizar la dinámica del carbono orgánico de los suelos (COS) asociada a su cambio de uso, de vegetación y prácticas de manejo, es necesario desarrollar modelos para usarse en forma predictiva. Un enfoque de modelación es la distribución del COS presente en los complejos organominerales primarios (arcillas, limos y arenas) ligado a las fracciones físicas. Para la separación de las fracciones físicas se emplea la dispersión del suelo por ultrasonido, paso que requiere optimizar las energías de sonicación para lograr la completa dispersión del suelo. En este trabajo se discute el modelo COLPOS y su hipótesis, así como sus posibles extensiones que consideran las masas y los enriquecimientos de las fracciones físicas del suelo, adicionalmente al análisis de las relaciones entre esas fracciones. Para analizar los patrones asociados al modelo COLPOS y sus extensiones, se analizan resultados disponibles de fraccionamientos de suelos mexicanos realizados con ultrasonido, además de tres...
... Sara Covaleda a , Silvia Pajares a , Juan F. Gallardo a , Corresponding Author Contact Inform... more ... Sara Covaleda a , Silvia Pajares a , Juan F. Gallardo a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author and Jorge D. Etchevers b , 1 , E-mail The Corresponding Author. ... The soil is an Acrisol, acidic and rich in clays and sesquioxides. ...
Firewood extraction affects carbon pools and nutrients in remnant fragments of temperate forests ... more Firewood extraction affects carbon pools and nutrients in remnant fragments of temperate forests at the Mexican Transvolcanic Belt La extracción de leña afecta los almacenes de carbono y nutrientes en fragmentos de bosques templados en el Eje Transvolcánico Mexicano
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of land-use and forest cover depletion on the d... more The aim of this study was to determine the effect of land-use and forest cover depletion on the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) within particle-size fractions in a volcanic soil. Emphasis was given to the thermal properties of soils. Six representative sites in Mexico were selected in an area dominated by Andosols: a grassland site, four forested sites with different levels of degradation and an agricultural site. Soils were fractionated using ultrasonic energy until complete dispersion was achieved. The particle-size fractions were coarse sand, fine sand, silt, clay and particulate organic matter from the coarse sand sized fraction (POM-CS) and fine sand (POM-FS). Soil organic carbon decreased by 70% after forest conversion to cropland and long-term cultivation; forest cover loss resulted in a decrease in SOC of up to 60%. The grassland soil contained 45% more SOC than the cropland one. Soil organic carbon was mainly associated with the silt-size fraction; the most sensitive fractions to land-use change and forest cover depletion were POM followed by SOC associated with the silt and clay-sized fractions. Particulate organic matter can be used as an early indicator of SOC loss. The C lost from the clay and silt-sized fractions was thermally labile; therefore, the SOC stored in the more degraded forest soils was more recalcitrant (thermally resistant). Only the transformation of forest to agricultural land produced a similar loss of thermally stable C associated with the silt-sized fraction.
... El C02 es liberado del suelo a través de tres procesos biológicos: a) la respiración microbia... more ... El C02 es liberado del suelo a través de tres procesos biológicos: a) la respiración microbiana; b) la respira-ción radical; yc) la respiración de la fauna edàfica. Además, tiene lugar un proceso no biológico, esto es, la oxidación química de la materia orgánica edàfica (MOS). ...
Volcanic soils in their natural state often require some amelioration to accommodate their use fo... more Volcanic soils in their natural state often require some amelioration to accommodate their use for agriculture. Tepetates are defined as hardened volcanic tuffs derived from geo-pedological processes; they have been partially altered by weathering. Tepetates occupy extensive areas of Mexico's Central Highlands and some of them have been adapted for agricultural use after the mechanical breaking up of this hard material. In their native condition tepetates contain only traces of C, N and available P. So, after their incorporation into agriculture production, the addition of fertilisers becomes necessary to improve soil fertility. In the present work changes in certain chemical and physico-chemical soil properties of cultivated tepetates were studied in the short-term (2002-2005) and medium-term (1986-2005) scales. Experimental plots situated in Tlalpan (State of Tlaxcala) were subjected to the following agricultural management systems: Traditional (Tt), Improved (Ti) and Organic (To). In the short term (4 years), the To management system, in which organic residues and manures were added, led to a decrease in the acidification tendency after cultivation, a recovery of initial exchangeable K + levels, and an increase in soil organic C (SOC), total nitrogen (Nt) and available P (Pa) contents in the Ap horizon. The Ti management, in which crop residues and more chemical fertilisers were added, was especially efficient in increasing the concentration of available P. After 20 years of traditional cultivation, the tepetates showed a decrease in soil pH and exchangeable Mg 2+ and K + values, leading to a decline of the base saturation. These results point to the fragility and low buffer capacity of these systems. In contrast, a tendency of SOC, Nt and Pa accumulation was observed after 20 years of cultivation, influenced by the agricultural management system applied. Tepetates adapted for agricultural use evolved into more fertile substrates over the years of cultivation.
Ponencias presentadas al primer encuentro sobre investigacion en agricultura para el desarrollo. ... more Ponencias presentadas al primer encuentro sobre investigacion en agricultura para el desarrollo. Red de investigacion en Agricultura para el Desarrollo. Escola Superior d`Agricultura de Barcelona (Universidad Politecnica de Cataluna)
The recognition of agroecological-silvopastoral practices has been interesting for many governmen... more The recognition of agroecological-silvopastoral practices has been interesting for many government agencies and rural projects in Mexico in recent years. In southeastern Mexico, the program Sustainable Rural Development in Biological Corridors (DRSCB) in the Lacandon Jungle of Chiapas, Mexico, implemented various actions to search for a more friendly livestock with the conservation of biodiversity and improve agricultural production. The objective of this research was to identify the levels of technological livestock adoption in Tzeltal communities with cattle activities. Likewise, socio-environmental barriers were identified that limited this initiative of the DRSCB. The contributions of this research can contribute to design and search for participatory alternatives for the implementation of a more sustainable livestock.
The international and interdisciplinary REVOLSO Project («Alternative Agriculture for Sustainable... more The international and interdisciplinary REVOLSO Project («Alternative Agriculture for Sustainable Rehabilitation of Deteriorated Volcanic Soils in Mexico and Chile», # ICA4-CT-2001-10052), belonging to the INCO-DEV Programme of the European Union, aimed the rehabilitation of degraded volcanic soils of Chile and Mexico. Five Latin American and four European scientific organizations were included in this Project that started in January 2002 and ended in July 2006. Experimental works were carried out in selected plots located in the States of Michoacán and Tlaxcala (Mexico), and close to the city of Chillán (Chile). The initial hypothesis was based on the fact that much of soil degradation occurring in the studied areas is caused by the excessive pressure on land resources produced by subsistence agriculture, thus increasing poverty. This vicious circle should be broken avoiding the continuous soil degradation through its recovery by applying new knowledge and alternative agronomic man...
IVth INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DETERIORATED VOLCANIC SOILS (ISVO’06) (Use and Management of Tepe... more IVth INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DETERIORATED VOLCANIC SOILS (ISVO’06) (Use and Management of Tepetates, Talpetates, Cangahuas, Trumaos, etc.) July, 1 to 8, 2006 in Morelia, State of Michoacan and Tlaxcala, State of Tlaxcala, MEXICO
Ante los retos que plantea la mitigacion del cambio climatico en el sector AFOLU (agricultura, fo... more Ante los retos que plantea la mitigacion del cambio climatico en el sector AFOLU (agricultura, foresteria y otros usos del suelo), es necesario plantear actividades que, a la vez que disminuyan las emisiones de CO2 a la atmosfera tengan un impacto socio-economico positivo. En Chiapas, el 76% de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero estan ligadas a las actividades que realizan los productores rurales, por lo cual es fundamental que los tomadores de decisiones cuenten con herramientas sencillas de planeacion que les permitan desarrollar actividades y programas de politica publica encaminados a contribuir en la resolucion de esta problematica. Por otra parte, en el estado, aproximadamente la mitad de las emisiones provienen de los suelos. En este trabajo, mediante analisis cartograf ico, se identif icaron las principales dinamicas de cambio de uso del suelo en Chiapas entre 2007 y 2011 a nivel regional, las cuales fueron: deforestacion de bosques secundarios templados para estab...
Resumen Se determino el C organico edafico (COS), el C en agregados, la respiracion basal (RBM) i... more Resumen Se determino el C organico edafico (COS), el C en agregados, la respiracion basal (RBM) in vitro y la emision de CO2 del suelo (EEC) in situ en dos toposecuencias de suelos de origen volcanico ubicadas en el eje Neovolcanico mejicano con el objetivo de estudiar la relacion existente entre estos parametros y las condiciones edafoclimaticas y geograficas de los lugares estudiados. Tanto el sitio agricola en Atecuaro (Michoacan) como el tepetate de Tlaloc (Mexico) tuvieron los menores valores de RBM y EEC; ello es atribuible al menor contenido de COS de estos sistemas. Atecuaro tuvo mayor EEC que Tlaloc, dado el mayor contenido de arcilla (y de COS) de la primera toposecuencia, la cual protege el COS contra la mineralizacion y retiene una mayor cantidad de humedad en la epoca seca.
Las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero asociadas al carbono organico del suelo (COS) son impor... more Las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero asociadas al carbono organico del suelo (COS) son importantes para estudiar cambios en los ecosistemas terrestres. Hay modelos simples que, ofrecen la oportunidad de analizar la dinamica de las alteraciones provocadas por los cambios en el uso de suelo, la vegetacion y las practicas de manejo. En Mexico se dispone de informacion del COS total y la textura del suelo. En el presente trabajo se analizan diferentes esquemas para parametrizar el modelo COLPOS, el cual se desarrollo para caracterizar la distribucion del COS en fracciones fisicas del suelo. El modelo considera el COS de diferentes almacenes: materia organica particulada (MOP, materia organica labil) y complejos organominerales (MO + arena-limo-arcilla). El carbono organico inerte (COI), con tiempos medios de residencia de cientos a miles de anos, y el tamano de particula asociado, permiten precisar los parametros del modelo COLPOS y determinar las perdidas potenciales de carbono o...
Soil CO2 emissions have been scarcely studied in Mexico; and these data are very important for co... more Soil CO2 emissions have been scarcely studied in Mexico; and these data are very important for constructing greenhouse gas inventory of Mexico. Soil CO2 emissions were seasonally determined in ten different systems found along an altitudinal gradient in a watershed of the Mexican transvolcanic belt (Atecuaro, Michoacan, 19°34'N; 101°J O'W). The dominant soils are Andosols (top half) and Acrisols (lower half), and the climate is sub-humid template (rain from June to October). The most representative systems along the climo-toposecuence, in the Andosol arc: grasslands (P )-2615 m); pine-oak forest with increasing land degradation downslope (P2, P3 and P6:2500-2350 m); fuelwood area (P4-2370 m); agricultural land (P5-2330 m); and in the Acrisols: forest patches (P7-2320 m). cultivated fields (P9-2280 m). grasslands (P10-2290 m), and eroded patches areas around gullies (P8-231O m). Vegetation was characterized at every point and soil samples collected. Soil CO2 fluxes and temper...
Red Iberoamericana de Física y Química Ambiental. Sociedad Iberoamericana de Física y Química Amb... more Red Iberoamericana de Física y Química Ambiental. Sociedad Iberoamericana de Física y Química Ambiental. SiFyQA, Salamanca (2009) Juan F. Gallardo Lancho (Coord.)31 p.[ESP]Las emisiones de CO2 edáfico han sido escasamente estudiadas en Méjico y constituyen un componente importante de las emisiones totales de los ecosistemas; por ello se estudió en este trabajo la dinámica estaciona1 del flujo de CO, edáfico en un transecto altitudinal de suelos volcánicos con bosques de pino-encino que presentaban diferente nivel de degradación y en pastizales de Michoacán (Méjico). También se buscó una relación de las emisiones de CO, con algunos factores ambientales (humedad y temperatura edáfica) y su uso como componente dinámico del carbono orgánico edáfico (COS) para relacionarlo con los almacenes del mismo en el suelo, los cuales son el producto de los cambios en la vegetación por agentes perturbadores. Se encontró que el flujo de COZ edáfico presenta variaciones estacionales asociadas princip...
Para analizar la dinámica del carbono orgánico de los suelos (COS) asociada a su cambio de uso, d... more Para analizar la dinámica del carbono orgánico de los suelos (COS) asociada a su cambio de uso, de vegetación y prácticas de manejo, es necesario desarrollar modelos para usarse en forma predictiva. Un enfoque de modelación es la distribución del COS presente en los complejos organominerales primarios (arcillas, limos y arenas) ligado a las fracciones físicas. Para la separación de las fracciones físicas se emplea la dispersión del suelo por ultrasonido, paso que requiere optimizar las energías de sonicación para lograr la completa dispersión del suelo. En este trabajo se discute el modelo COLPOS y su hipótesis, así como sus posibles extensiones que consideran las masas y los enriquecimientos de las fracciones físicas del suelo, adicionalmente al análisis de las relaciones entre esas fracciones. Para analizar los patrones asociados al modelo COLPOS y sus extensiones, se analizan resultados disponibles de fraccionamientos de suelos mexicanos realizados con ultrasonido, además de tres...
... Sara Covaleda a , Silvia Pajares a , Juan F. Gallardo a , Corresponding Author Contact Inform... more ... Sara Covaleda a , Silvia Pajares a , Juan F. Gallardo a , Corresponding Author Contact Information , E-mail The Corresponding Author and Jorge D. Etchevers b , 1 , E-mail The Corresponding Author. ... The soil is an Acrisol, acidic and rich in clays and sesquioxides. ...
Firewood extraction affects carbon pools and nutrients in remnant fragments of temperate forests ... more Firewood extraction affects carbon pools and nutrients in remnant fragments of temperate forests at the Mexican Transvolcanic Belt La extracción de leña afecta los almacenes de carbono y nutrientes en fragmentos de bosques templados en el Eje Transvolcánico Mexicano
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of land-use and forest cover depletion on the d... more The aim of this study was to determine the effect of land-use and forest cover depletion on the distribution of soil organic carbon (SOC) within particle-size fractions in a volcanic soil. Emphasis was given to the thermal properties of soils. Six representative sites in Mexico were selected in an area dominated by Andosols: a grassland site, four forested sites with different levels of degradation and an agricultural site. Soils were fractionated using ultrasonic energy until complete dispersion was achieved. The particle-size fractions were coarse sand, fine sand, silt, clay and particulate organic matter from the coarse sand sized fraction (POM-CS) and fine sand (POM-FS). Soil organic carbon decreased by 70% after forest conversion to cropland and long-term cultivation; forest cover loss resulted in a decrease in SOC of up to 60%. The grassland soil contained 45% more SOC than the cropland one. Soil organic carbon was mainly associated with the silt-size fraction; the most sensitive fractions to land-use change and forest cover depletion were POM followed by SOC associated with the silt and clay-sized fractions. Particulate organic matter can be used as an early indicator of SOC loss. The C lost from the clay and silt-sized fractions was thermally labile; therefore, the SOC stored in the more degraded forest soils was more recalcitrant (thermally resistant). Only the transformation of forest to agricultural land produced a similar loss of thermally stable C associated with the silt-sized fraction.
... El C02 es liberado del suelo a través de tres procesos biológicos: a) la respiración microbia... more ... El C02 es liberado del suelo a través de tres procesos biológicos: a) la respiración microbiana; b) la respira-ción radical; yc) la respiración de la fauna edàfica. Además, tiene lugar un proceso no biológico, esto es, la oxidación química de la materia orgánica edàfica (MOS). ...
Volcanic soils in their natural state often require some amelioration to accommodate their use fo... more Volcanic soils in their natural state often require some amelioration to accommodate their use for agriculture. Tepetates are defined as hardened volcanic tuffs derived from geo-pedological processes; they have been partially altered by weathering. Tepetates occupy extensive areas of Mexico's Central Highlands and some of them have been adapted for agricultural use after the mechanical breaking up of this hard material. In their native condition tepetates contain only traces of C, N and available P. So, after their incorporation into agriculture production, the addition of fertilisers becomes necessary to improve soil fertility. In the present work changes in certain chemical and physico-chemical soil properties of cultivated tepetates were studied in the short-term (2002-2005) and medium-term (1986-2005) scales. Experimental plots situated in Tlalpan (State of Tlaxcala) were subjected to the following agricultural management systems: Traditional (Tt), Improved (Ti) and Organic (To). In the short term (4 years), the To management system, in which organic residues and manures were added, led to a decrease in the acidification tendency after cultivation, a recovery of initial exchangeable K + levels, and an increase in soil organic C (SOC), total nitrogen (Nt) and available P (Pa) contents in the Ap horizon. The Ti management, in which crop residues and more chemical fertilisers were added, was especially efficient in increasing the concentration of available P. After 20 years of traditional cultivation, the tepetates showed a decrease in soil pH and exchangeable Mg 2+ and K + values, leading to a decline of the base saturation. These results point to the fragility and low buffer capacity of these systems. In contrast, a tendency of SOC, Nt and Pa accumulation was observed after 20 years of cultivation, influenced by the agricultural management system applied. Tepetates adapted for agricultural use evolved into more fertile substrates over the years of cultivation.
Ponencias presentadas al primer encuentro sobre investigacion en agricultura para el desarrollo. ... more Ponencias presentadas al primer encuentro sobre investigacion en agricultura para el desarrollo. Red de investigacion en Agricultura para el Desarrollo. Escola Superior d`Agricultura de Barcelona (Universidad Politecnica de Cataluna)
The recognition of agroecological-silvopastoral practices has been interesting for many governmen... more The recognition of agroecological-silvopastoral practices has been interesting for many government agencies and rural projects in Mexico in recent years. In southeastern Mexico, the program Sustainable Rural Development in Biological Corridors (DRSCB) in the Lacandon Jungle of Chiapas, Mexico, implemented various actions to search for a more friendly livestock with the conservation of biodiversity and improve agricultural production. The objective of this research was to identify the levels of technological livestock adoption in Tzeltal communities with cattle activities. Likewise, socio-environmental barriers were identified that limited this initiative of the DRSCB. The contributions of this research can contribute to design and search for participatory alternatives for the implementation of a more sustainable livestock.
The international and interdisciplinary REVOLSO Project («Alternative Agriculture for Sustainable... more The international and interdisciplinary REVOLSO Project («Alternative Agriculture for Sustainable Rehabilitation of Deteriorated Volcanic Soils in Mexico and Chile», # ICA4-CT-2001-10052), belonging to the INCO-DEV Programme of the European Union, aimed the rehabilitation of degraded volcanic soils of Chile and Mexico. Five Latin American and four European scientific organizations were included in this Project that started in January 2002 and ended in July 2006. Experimental works were carried out in selected plots located in the States of Michoacán and Tlaxcala (Mexico), and close to the city of Chillán (Chile). The initial hypothesis was based on the fact that much of soil degradation occurring in the studied areas is caused by the excessive pressure on land resources produced by subsistence agriculture, thus increasing poverty. This vicious circle should be broken avoiding the continuous soil degradation through its recovery by applying new knowledge and alternative agronomic man...
IVth INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DETERIORATED VOLCANIC SOILS (ISVO’06) (Use and Management of Tepe... more IVth INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON DETERIORATED VOLCANIC SOILS (ISVO’06) (Use and Management of Tepetates, Talpetates, Cangahuas, Trumaos, etc.) July, 1 to 8, 2006 in Morelia, State of Michoacan and Tlaxcala, State of Tlaxcala, MEXICO
Ante los retos que plantea la mitigacion del cambio climatico en el sector AFOLU (agricultura, fo... more Ante los retos que plantea la mitigacion del cambio climatico en el sector AFOLU (agricultura, foresteria y otros usos del suelo), es necesario plantear actividades que, a la vez que disminuyan las emisiones de CO2 a la atmosfera tengan un impacto socio-economico positivo. En Chiapas, el 76% de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero estan ligadas a las actividades que realizan los productores rurales, por lo cual es fundamental que los tomadores de decisiones cuenten con herramientas sencillas de planeacion que les permitan desarrollar actividades y programas de politica publica encaminados a contribuir en la resolucion de esta problematica. Por otra parte, en el estado, aproximadamente la mitad de las emisiones provienen de los suelos. En este trabajo, mediante analisis cartograf ico, se identif icaron las principales dinamicas de cambio de uso del suelo en Chiapas entre 2007 y 2011 a nivel regional, las cuales fueron: deforestacion de bosques secundarios templados para estab...
Resumen Se determino el C organico edafico (COS), el C en agregados, la respiracion basal (RBM) i... more Resumen Se determino el C organico edafico (COS), el C en agregados, la respiracion basal (RBM) in vitro y la emision de CO2 del suelo (EEC) in situ en dos toposecuencias de suelos de origen volcanico ubicadas en el eje Neovolcanico mejicano con el objetivo de estudiar la relacion existente entre estos parametros y las condiciones edafoclimaticas y geograficas de los lugares estudiados. Tanto el sitio agricola en Atecuaro (Michoacan) como el tepetate de Tlaloc (Mexico) tuvieron los menores valores de RBM y EEC; ello es atribuible al menor contenido de COS de estos sistemas. Atecuaro tuvo mayor EEC que Tlaloc, dado el mayor contenido de arcilla (y de COS) de la primera toposecuencia, la cual protege el COS contra la mineralizacion y retiene una mayor cantidad de humedad en la epoca seca.
Las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero asociadas al carbono organico del suelo (COS) son impor... more Las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero asociadas al carbono organico del suelo (COS) son importantes para estudiar cambios en los ecosistemas terrestres. Hay modelos simples que, ofrecen la oportunidad de analizar la dinamica de las alteraciones provocadas por los cambios en el uso de suelo, la vegetacion y las practicas de manejo. En Mexico se dispone de informacion del COS total y la textura del suelo. En el presente trabajo se analizan diferentes esquemas para parametrizar el modelo COLPOS, el cual se desarrollo para caracterizar la distribucion del COS en fracciones fisicas del suelo. El modelo considera el COS de diferentes almacenes: materia organica particulada (MOP, materia organica labil) y complejos organominerales (MO + arena-limo-arcilla). El carbono organico inerte (COI), con tiempos medios de residencia de cientos a miles de anos, y el tamano de particula asociado, permiten precisar los parametros del modelo COLPOS y determinar las perdidas potenciales de carbono o...
Soil CO2 emissions have been scarcely studied in Mexico; and these data are very important for co... more Soil CO2 emissions have been scarcely studied in Mexico; and these data are very important for constructing greenhouse gas inventory of Mexico. Soil CO2 emissions were seasonally determined in ten different systems found along an altitudinal gradient in a watershed of the Mexican transvolcanic belt (Atecuaro, Michoacan, 19°34'N; 101°J O'W). The dominant soils are Andosols (top half) and Acrisols (lower half), and the climate is sub-humid template (rain from June to October). The most representative systems along the climo-toposecuence, in the Andosol arc: grasslands (P )-2615 m); pine-oak forest with increasing land degradation downslope (P2, P3 and P6:2500-2350 m); fuelwood area (P4-2370 m); agricultural land (P5-2330 m); and in the Acrisols: forest patches (P7-2320 m). cultivated fields (P9-2280 m). grasslands (P10-2290 m), and eroded patches areas around gullies (P8-231O m). Vegetation was characterized at every point and soil samples collected. Soil CO2 fluxes and temper...
Uploads
Papers by Sara Covaleda