Papers by Saravanakumar Ayyadurai
Fuel, 2007
We present results of an experimental study on long stick wood gasification, in an attempt to red... more We present results of an experimental study on long stick wood gasification, in an attempt to reduce wood gathering for gasification. This paper presents the results from experiments and the analyses of gasification using sticks with length $68 cm and diameter $6 cm. The moisture content of the wood was 25%. This top lit updraft gasifier operates with 180 W of blower power air supply to produce 9-10 kW of thermal energy, an energy yield of $50/1. Results were obtained for various flow conditions with airflow rates ranging from 25 to 45 m 3 /h. For modelling, the flaming pyrolysis time for long stick wood in the gasifier is calculated to be 2.1 min. The length of the flaming pyrolysis zone and char gasification zone is found to be 37 cm and 36 cm respectively. The turn down ratio for the gasification is around 2. The rate of feed was between 9 and 10 kg/h and the gasifier operated continuously for 5 h in two runs to study the gasifier reliability. The performance studies in specific gasification rate, equivalence ratio, turn down ratio, superficial velocity, airflow, and gas flow are analyzed. The temperature ranged from 1185 K in the combustion zone to 400 K in the drying zone. The gas and airflows can be converted to the Air/Fuel equivalence ratio, the most important aspect of gasifier operation. The equivalence ratio shows operation in a combustion mode (6.3) at start up; in a flaming pyrolysis mode (1.2) for the middle part of the run; and in the charcoal gasification mode (5.7) at the end of the run. Measurement of the equivalence ratio is a simple way of analyzing the behaviour of the gasifier. From the results of present investigation, it is revealed that the top lit updraft gasifier is more suitable for long stick wood as feed when compared to conventional updraft gasifier.
Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2021
A rotary screw pyro‐oil reactor was designed for powdery biomass for a feeding capacity of 40 kg ... more A rotary screw pyro‐oil reactor was designed for powdery biomass for a feeding capacity of 40 kg h−1 with a moisture content of <10%. The pyro‐oil reactor temperature was maintained at 450–550 °C. The pyro‐oil vapors produced were quickly drafted out of the reactor for quenching to yield 16–24 L h−1 from 40 kg h−1 of biomass feed. The flash‐pyrolysis technique, which is capable of directly turning biomass into a liquid fuel, was used to produce liquid fuel (bio‐oil). It was carried out at a pressure at 0.03 bar and at a medium temperature of about 550 °C. The flash‐pyrolysis technique converts the entire biomass matter, excluding the ash. In this method the powdery biomass is converted into three components: bio‐oil (the yield is typically 70% on an energy basis, a powdery biomass feed at a moisture content of 10%); pyrolysis gas (typical yield 14%) and char (typical yield 16%). The temperature of the fixed bed was adjusted in the experiment, but the other variables remained constant, such as the amount of feed, the pyrolysis time of the gas product, the reactor pressure and the bed height. A biomass particle size range of 1–3 mm and a biomass residence time of 20 s in the reactor resulted in optimal bio‐oil production of 70%. This work demonstrated how precise pyrolysis mechanism processes and bio‐oil yields can influence the maximal reaction temperature in the 450–550 °C range. The performance analysis reveals that the fixed bed reaction temperatures of biomass rapid pyrolysis give reliable control over the bio‐oil reactor type and size. This paper provides an overview of the design and thermochemical liquefaction process used to convert powdered biomass to biofuel. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
In India, per capita waste generation is 0.2 – 0.6 kg/day, which is estimated to increase at 1.33... more In India, per capita waste generation is 0.2 – 0.6 kg/day, which is estimated to increase at 1.33% annually. As per estimates, about 115000 tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is generated per day and this figure could be twice as much by 2020. Estimation exist a potential for generating about 1500 MWe of power from the municipal solid wastes in the country and the potential is likely to increase further with economic development. If we consider about 25% of MSW is converted in to RDF through optimized segregation processes, then about 34500 tonnes per day of RDF is available for converting into energy. This paper elucidates the voyage of an innovative design, development and performance studies of multi-condition acceptability and flexible operatability on tar-free MSW-RDF gasifier. The innovation on the technology and its development is highly emphasized for converting the MSW-RDF into energy through gasification. The designed & fabricated gasifier (100 kg/hr capacity) is a strati...
Journal of Environmental Engineering and Science, 2020
This paper presents the voyage of an innovative design and development and performance study of t... more This paper presents the voyage of an innovative design and development and performance study of the multi-condition acceptability and flexible operation of a tar-free municipal solid waste (MSW)–re...
Journal of Electrical & Electronic Systems, 2017
This work presents a pilot-scale performance study intended at evaluate the achievability and ope... more This work presents a pilot-scale performance study intended at evaluate the achievability and operatability of biomass gasifier specially designed for hilly regions. The operations were carried out with forest wood blocks with around 35% moisture content. The gasifier was designed for 360 kWth downdraft modes operating with air at 15°C as gasifying agent. The designed gasifier system was installed in a green tea processing factory for supplying thermal energy for panning of green leaves. This system has replaced their conventional open wood firing rotary kiln furnace which was an in efficient combustion due to the ambient conditions. A performance study conducted on the gasifier system for their factory’s thermal demand had shown firewood saving of 35% over conventional panning operation. The economics of installation–cum–operation of the gasifier was also found to be acceptable enough the operation results are discussed.
Fuel, 2017
Abstract An experimental study on an updraft gasifier (60 kW th ), using large size biomass as fu... more Abstract An experimental study on an updraft gasifier (60 kW th ), using large size biomass as fuel, has been carried out to obtain the temperature profile, equivalence ratio, gas composition and its heating value. A theoretical mass and energy balance has allowed a proper justification of the experimental results obtained. The gasifier behavior was studied in-depth using large size woody biomass to avoid the energy consumption required for chipping. The feedstock wood size was 1 m in length and 0.06 m in diameter and it was stacked 60 cm high, with a moisture content of 20%. Results were obtained for various flow conditions with air flow rates ranging from 20 to 30 m 3 /h. Each test was carried out under continuous operation and steady state for 5 h. The different sub-processes taking place from top to bottom (grate) were under very transient conditions. Results for the temperature at the height of oxidation, reduction, pyrolysis and drying zones (23, 66, 78 and 92 cm, respectively) have been provided. The optimum gasifier behavior was reached with an airflow rate of 20.66 m 3 /h (or air inlet velocity of 1 m/s), leading to a producer gas heating value of 4500 kJ/N m 3 and a temperature of 955 °C at the oxidation stage. Comparison between the theoretical energy balance and thus derived from the tests have allowed for a better identification of the phenomena taking place during the particles conversion. Anyway, differences lower than 22% have been obtained in all the cases.
Fuel Processing Technology, 2010
... c. a NSP Green Energy Technologies Private Limited, Renewable Energy Research and Development... more ... c. a NSP Green Energy Technologies Private Limited, Renewable Energy Research and Development, Plot No. 5A, NH 3,Maraimalai Nagar Industrial Estate, Maraimalai Nagar, Chennai - 603 209, Tamil Nadu, India. b Department ...
We present results of an experimental study on long stick wood gasification, in an attempt to red... more We present results of an experimental study on long stick wood gasification, in an attempt to reduce wood gathering for gasification. This paper presents the results from experiments and the analyses of gasification using sticks with length $68 cm and diameter $6 cm. The moisture content of the wood was 25%. This top lit updraft gasifier operates with 180 W of blower power air supply to produce 9-10 kW of thermal energy, an energy yield of $50/1. Results were obtained for various flow conditions with airflow rates ranging from 25 to 45 m 3 /h. For modelling, the flaming pyrolysis time for long stick wood in the gasifier is calculated to be 2.1 min. The length of the flaming pyrolysis zone and char gasification zone is found to be 37 cm and 36 cm respectively. The turn down ratio for the gasification is around 2. The rate of feed was between 9 and 10 kg/h and the gasifier operated continuously for 5 h in two runs to study the gasifier reliability. The performance studies in specific gasification rate, equivalence ratio, turn down ratio, superficial velocity, airflow, and gas flow are analyzed. The temperature ranged from 1185 K in the combustion zone to 400 K in the drying zone. The gas and airflows can be converted to the Air/Fuel equivalence ratio, the most important aspect of gasifier operation. The equivalence ratio shows operation in a combustion mode (6.3) at start up; in a flaming pyrolysis mode (1.2) for the middle part of the run; and in the charcoal gasification mode (5.7) at the end of the run. Measurement of the equivalence ratio is a simple way of analyzing the behaviour of the gasifier. From the results of present investigation, it is revealed that the top lit updraft gasifier is more suitable for long stick wood as feed when compared to conventional updraft gasifier.
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Papers by Saravanakumar Ayyadurai