Due to their low density, high structural strength and energy absorption capacity, aluminum alloy... more Due to their low density, high structural strength and energy absorption capacity, aluminum alloys are frequently used in lightweight armor systems such as aeronautics applications, offshore platforms, ship components, bridge decks, etc. This wide application area considering behavior of materials subjected to high velocity impact load increases the importance of the investigations about developing analytical solutions to determine the failure mechanisms and penetration depth caused by high velocity impact. In this study, an exponential equation was proposed that can be used to determine the penetration depth of the 2024 aluminum alloys of T351 condition. Comparing the analytical results with the results of previous experimental study which used the 9 mm Parabellum bullets, it was determined that equation proposed efficiently model the penetration depth of the AA 2024 T351 plates under impact load at velocity level in experiments.
World Water & Environmental Resources Congress 2003, 2003
The majority of artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms applied to different water resources p... more The majority of artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms applied to different water resources problems are mainly the multi layer perceptrons with feedforward back propagation algorithm (FFBP). This method is sensitive to the initial random weight selection and is likely to be ...
Wind data collected over a period of three years at four different locations in G6kgeada were eva... more Wind data collected over a period of three years at four different locations in G6kgeada were evaluated to estimate the potential of wind energy in the north-western part of Turkey. The data from the selected stations were used to estimate the regional mean wind speed distribution of G6k~eada, which revealed that four distinct regions exist with values from 1.0 to 4.0; 4.1 to 6.0, 6.1 to 8.0 and greater than 8.1 m/s. For each station, an extensive analysis was carried out to find the monthly average wind speed and its distribution. Several types of probabilistic distribution were matched to these distributions including the Weibull distribution. It was observed that one third of the island enjoys annual wind speeds greater than 6.0 m/s. This potential can be converted to electrical energy by means of wind farms, and the energy extracted from this source may supply electricity to the island and a small part of the mainland.
Ballistic response of single or multi-layered metal armor systems subjected to high velocity impa... more Ballistic response of single or multi-layered metal armor systems subjected to high velocity impact loads was investigated in many experimental, theoretical and numerical studies. In this study, influences of plasma spray surface coating on high velocity impact resistance of AA 6061 T651 aluminum plates were analyzed experimentally. Two different types of surface coating were applied to plates using plasma spray. Using 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets, ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates was tested. After the impact tests, penetration depth including plate bending on the front face and bulging on the rear face of the target plate was measured. The improvement on the ballistic resistance of the coated plates was clearly observed. The increase in non-perforating projectile velocity and the decrease in penetration depth were both experienced.
This study presents the output of an experimental study conducted to determine the effect of two ... more This study presents the output of an experimental study conducted to determine the effect of two types of plasma spray surface coatings on the ballistic resistance of three specific aluminum alloys. Utilizing the plasma spray technique, aluminum alloys 2024-T351, 6061-T651 and 7075-T651 were coated with Co–Mo–Cr and ZrO2 and the ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates against high velocity impact by 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets was examined. Improvement on the ballistic resistance of the plates was clearly seen in the coated ones. It was observed from the tests that Co–Mo–Cr coating is more efficient against penetration and bulging for AA6061-T651 and AA2024-T351 plates while ZrO2 coating is slightly superior to Co–Mo–Cr coating for AA7075-T651 plates.
Ballistic response of single or multi-layered metal armor systems subjected to high velocity impa... more Ballistic response of single or multi-layered metal armor systems subjected to high velocity impact loads was investigated in many experimental, theoretical and numerical studies. In this study, influences of plasma spray surface coating on high velocity impact resistance of AA 6061 T651 aluminum plates were analyzed experimentally. Two different types of surface coating were applied to plates using plasma spray. Using 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets, ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates was tested. After the impact tests, penetration depth including plate bending on the front face and bulging on the rear face of the target plate was measured. The improvement on the ballistic resistance of the coated plates was clearly observed. The increase in non-perforating projectile velocity and the decrease in penetration depth were both experienced.
A procedure is developed to determine the safety factors of straight beams with rectangular cross... more A procedure is developed to determine the safety factors of straight beams with rectangular cross-sections. To represent material behavior, a variety of stress-strain curves were used. The material of the beams was chosen to possess smooth changing stress-strain relations. The results were compared with those results of beams for which stress-strain relations had been idealized as linear elastic-perfectly plastic. The procedure in determining yield and fully plastic moments utilized a computational technique. Loads were increased incrementally up to rupture and the modified Newton-Raphson method was used to find the stresses. Experiments were performed to prove the validity of the analytic results. The reliability of a system using such structural elements can be predicted with the safety factors developed in this work.
ABSTRACT Due to their low density, high structural strength and energy absorption capacity, alumi... more ABSTRACT Due to their low density, high structural strength and energy absorption capacity, aluminum alloys are frequently used in lightweight armor systems such as aeronautics applications, offshore platforms, ship components, bridge decks, etc. This wide application area considering behavior of materials subjected to high velocity impact load increases the importance of the investigations about developing analytical solutions to determine the failure mechanisms and penetration depth caused by high velocity impact. In this study, an exponential equation was proposed that can be used to determine the penetration depth of the 2024 aluminum alloys of T351 condition. Comparing the analytical results with the results of previous experimental study which used the 9 mm Parabellum bullets, it was determined that equation proposed efficiently model the penetration depth of the AA 2024 T351 plates under impact load at velocity level in experiments.
Wind data collected over a period of three years at four different locations in Gökçeada were eva... more Wind data collected over a period of three years at four different locations in Gökçeada were evaluated to estimate the potential of wind energy in the north-western part of Turkey. The data from the selected stations were used to estimate the regional mean wind speed distribution of Gökçeada, which revealed that four distinct regions exist with values from 1.0 to 4.0; 4.1 to 6.0, 6.1 to 8.0 and greater than 8.1 m/s. For each station, an extensive analysis was carried out to find the monthly average wind speed and its distribution. Several types of probabilistic distribution were matched to these distributions including the Weibull distribution. It was observed that one third of the island enjoys annual wind speeds greater than 6.0 m/s. This potential can be converted to electrical energy by means of wind farms, and the energy extracted from this source may supply electricity to the island and a small part of the mainland.
The main objective of the present study is to estimate wind power potential of Gökçeada Island in... more The main objective of the present study is to estimate wind power potential of Gökçeada Island in the Northern Aegean Sea in Turkey using the wind data collected at four different locations. Wind data collected over a period of 3 years at Uğurlu and Çınaraltı stations and a period of 10 years at Aydıncık and National Weather Station. In this regard, wind data collected at 10 and 30 m of height above ground, were extrapolated to 50 m which had been chosen as the wind turbine hub height, using power law. Extrapolated wind data of four stations were represented by Weibull probability density functions to find the wind speed distribution curves. Two Weibull parameters of the wind speed distribution function, shape parameter k (dimensionless) and scale parameter c (m/s) were calculated by the developed Fortran programme on monthly and yearly basis to find the wind profiles. Annual wind speed distributions throughout the Gökçeada Island were also obtained using the calculated Weibull probability density function parameters. The suitability of the distributions is judged by the discrepancies between the observed and calculated values of the monthly average wind speed. The results show the general availability of wind energy potential across Gökçeada Island.
This study presents the output of an experimental study conducted to determine the effect of two ... more This study presents the output of an experimental study conducted to determine the effect of two types of plasma spray surface coatings on the ballistic resistance of three specific aluminum alloys. Utilizing the plasma spray technique, aluminum alloys 2024-T351, 6061-T651 and 7075-T651 were coated with Co–Mo–Cr and ZrO2 and the ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates against high velocity impact by 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets was examined. Improvement on the ballistic resistance of the plates was clearly seen in the coated ones. It was observed from the tests that Co–Mo–Cr coating is more efficient against penetration and bulging for AA6061-T651 and AA2024-T351 plates while ZrO2 coating is slightly superior to Co–Mo–Cr coating for AA7075-T651 plates.
Ballistic response of single or multi-layered metal armor systems subjected to high velocity impa... more Ballistic response of single or multi-layered metal armor systems subjected to high velocity impact loads was investigated in many experimental, theoretical and numerical studies. In this study, influences of plasma spray surface coating on high velocity impact resistance of AA 6061 T651 aluminum plates were analyzed experimentally. Two different types of surface coating were applied to plates using plasma spray. Using 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets, ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates was tested. After the impact tests, penetration depth including plate bending on the front face and bulging on the rear face of the target plate was measured. The improvement on the ballistic resistance of the coated plates was clearly observed. The increase in non-perforating projectile velocity and the decrease in penetration depth were both experienced.
Due to their low density, high structural strength and energy absorption capacity, aluminum alloy... more Due to their low density, high structural strength and energy absorption capacity, aluminum alloys are frequently used in lightweight armor systems such as aeronautics applications, offshore platforms, ship components, bridge decks, etc. This wide application area considering behavior of materials subjected to high velocity impact load increases the importance of the investigations about developing analytical solutions to determine the failure mechanisms and penetration depth caused by high velocity impact. In this study, an exponential equation was proposed that can be used to determine the penetration depth of the 2024 aluminum alloys of T351 condition. Comparing the analytical results with the results of previous experimental study which used the 9 mm Parabellum bullets, it was determined that equation proposed efficiently model the penetration depth of the AA 2024 T351 plates under impact load at velocity level in experiments.
World Water & Environmental Resources Congress 2003, 2003
The majority of artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms applied to different water resources p... more The majority of artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms applied to different water resources problems are mainly the multi layer perceptrons with feedforward back propagation algorithm (FFBP). This method is sensitive to the initial random weight selection and is likely to be ...
Wind data collected over a period of three years at four different locations in G6kgeada were eva... more Wind data collected over a period of three years at four different locations in G6kgeada were evaluated to estimate the potential of wind energy in the north-western part of Turkey. The data from the selected stations were used to estimate the regional mean wind speed distribution of G6k~eada, which revealed that four distinct regions exist with values from 1.0 to 4.0; 4.1 to 6.0, 6.1 to 8.0 and greater than 8.1 m/s. For each station, an extensive analysis was carried out to find the monthly average wind speed and its distribution. Several types of probabilistic distribution were matched to these distributions including the Weibull distribution. It was observed that one third of the island enjoys annual wind speeds greater than 6.0 m/s. This potential can be converted to electrical energy by means of wind farms, and the energy extracted from this source may supply electricity to the island and a small part of the mainland.
Ballistic response of single or multi-layered metal armor systems subjected to high velocity impa... more Ballistic response of single or multi-layered metal armor systems subjected to high velocity impact loads was investigated in many experimental, theoretical and numerical studies. In this study, influences of plasma spray surface coating on high velocity impact resistance of AA 6061 T651 aluminum plates were analyzed experimentally. Two different types of surface coating were applied to plates using plasma spray. Using 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets, ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates was tested. After the impact tests, penetration depth including plate bending on the front face and bulging on the rear face of the target plate was measured. The improvement on the ballistic resistance of the coated plates was clearly observed. The increase in non-perforating projectile velocity and the decrease in penetration depth were both experienced.
This study presents the output of an experimental study conducted to determine the effect of two ... more This study presents the output of an experimental study conducted to determine the effect of two types of plasma spray surface coatings on the ballistic resistance of three specific aluminum alloys. Utilizing the plasma spray technique, aluminum alloys 2024-T351, 6061-T651 and 7075-T651 were coated with Co–Mo–Cr and ZrO2 and the ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates against high velocity impact by 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets was examined. Improvement on the ballistic resistance of the plates was clearly seen in the coated ones. It was observed from the tests that Co–Mo–Cr coating is more efficient against penetration and bulging for AA6061-T651 and AA2024-T351 plates while ZrO2 coating is slightly superior to Co–Mo–Cr coating for AA7075-T651 plates.
Ballistic response of single or multi-layered metal armor systems subjected to high velocity impa... more Ballistic response of single or multi-layered metal armor systems subjected to high velocity impact loads was investigated in many experimental, theoretical and numerical studies. In this study, influences of plasma spray surface coating on high velocity impact resistance of AA 6061 T651 aluminum plates were analyzed experimentally. Two different types of surface coating were applied to plates using plasma spray. Using 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets, ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates was tested. After the impact tests, penetration depth including plate bending on the front face and bulging on the rear face of the target plate was measured. The improvement on the ballistic resistance of the coated plates was clearly observed. The increase in non-perforating projectile velocity and the decrease in penetration depth were both experienced.
A procedure is developed to determine the safety factors of straight beams with rectangular cross... more A procedure is developed to determine the safety factors of straight beams with rectangular cross-sections. To represent material behavior, a variety of stress-strain curves were used. The material of the beams was chosen to possess smooth changing stress-strain relations. The results were compared with those results of beams for which stress-strain relations had been idealized as linear elastic-perfectly plastic. The procedure in determining yield and fully plastic moments utilized a computational technique. Loads were increased incrementally up to rupture and the modified Newton-Raphson method was used to find the stresses. Experiments were performed to prove the validity of the analytic results. The reliability of a system using such structural elements can be predicted with the safety factors developed in this work.
ABSTRACT Due to their low density, high structural strength and energy absorption capacity, alumi... more ABSTRACT Due to their low density, high structural strength and energy absorption capacity, aluminum alloys are frequently used in lightweight armor systems such as aeronautics applications, offshore platforms, ship components, bridge decks, etc. This wide application area considering behavior of materials subjected to high velocity impact load increases the importance of the investigations about developing analytical solutions to determine the failure mechanisms and penetration depth caused by high velocity impact. In this study, an exponential equation was proposed that can be used to determine the penetration depth of the 2024 aluminum alloys of T351 condition. Comparing the analytical results with the results of previous experimental study which used the 9 mm Parabellum bullets, it was determined that equation proposed efficiently model the penetration depth of the AA 2024 T351 plates under impact load at velocity level in experiments.
Wind data collected over a period of three years at four different locations in Gökçeada were eva... more Wind data collected over a period of three years at four different locations in Gökçeada were evaluated to estimate the potential of wind energy in the north-western part of Turkey. The data from the selected stations were used to estimate the regional mean wind speed distribution of Gökçeada, which revealed that four distinct regions exist with values from 1.0 to 4.0; 4.1 to 6.0, 6.1 to 8.0 and greater than 8.1 m/s. For each station, an extensive analysis was carried out to find the monthly average wind speed and its distribution. Several types of probabilistic distribution were matched to these distributions including the Weibull distribution. It was observed that one third of the island enjoys annual wind speeds greater than 6.0 m/s. This potential can be converted to electrical energy by means of wind farms, and the energy extracted from this source may supply electricity to the island and a small part of the mainland.
The main objective of the present study is to estimate wind power potential of Gökçeada Island in... more The main objective of the present study is to estimate wind power potential of Gökçeada Island in the Northern Aegean Sea in Turkey using the wind data collected at four different locations. Wind data collected over a period of 3 years at Uğurlu and Çınaraltı stations and a period of 10 years at Aydıncık and National Weather Station. In this regard, wind data collected at 10 and 30 m of height above ground, were extrapolated to 50 m which had been chosen as the wind turbine hub height, using power law. Extrapolated wind data of four stations were represented by Weibull probability density functions to find the wind speed distribution curves. Two Weibull parameters of the wind speed distribution function, shape parameter k (dimensionless) and scale parameter c (m/s) were calculated by the developed Fortran programme on monthly and yearly basis to find the wind profiles. Annual wind speed distributions throughout the Gökçeada Island were also obtained using the calculated Weibull probability density function parameters. The suitability of the distributions is judged by the discrepancies between the observed and calculated values of the monthly average wind speed. The results show the general availability of wind energy potential across Gökçeada Island.
This study presents the output of an experimental study conducted to determine the effect of two ... more This study presents the output of an experimental study conducted to determine the effect of two types of plasma spray surface coatings on the ballistic resistance of three specific aluminum alloys. Utilizing the plasma spray technique, aluminum alloys 2024-T351, 6061-T651 and 7075-T651 were coated with Co–Mo–Cr and ZrO2 and the ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates against high velocity impact by 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets was examined. Improvement on the ballistic resistance of the plates was clearly seen in the coated ones. It was observed from the tests that Co–Mo–Cr coating is more efficient against penetration and bulging for AA6061-T651 and AA2024-T351 plates while ZrO2 coating is slightly superior to Co–Mo–Cr coating for AA7075-T651 plates.
Ballistic response of single or multi-layered metal armor systems subjected to high velocity impa... more Ballistic response of single or multi-layered metal armor systems subjected to high velocity impact loads was investigated in many experimental, theoretical and numerical studies. In this study, influences of plasma spray surface coating on high velocity impact resistance of AA 6061 T651 aluminum plates were analyzed experimentally. Two different types of surface coating were applied to plates using plasma spray. Using 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets, ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates was tested. After the impact tests, penetration depth including plate bending on the front face and bulging on the rear face of the target plate was measured. The improvement on the ballistic resistance of the coated plates was clearly observed. The increase in non-perforating projectile velocity and the decrease in penetration depth were both experienced.
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Papers by Süleyman Tolun
of plasma spray surface coatings on the ballistic resistance of three specific aluminum alloys. Utilizing the
plasma spray technique, aluminum alloys 2024-T351, 6061-T651 and 7075-T651 were coated with
Co–Mo–Cr and ZrO2 and the ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates against high
velocity impact by 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets was examined. Improvement on the ballistic resistance
of the plates was clearly seen in the coated ones. It was observed from the tests that Co–Mo–Cr coating
is more efficient against penetration and bulging for AA6061-T651 and AA2024-T351 plates while ZrO2
coating is slightly superior to Co–Mo–Cr coating for AA7075-T651 plates.
was investigated in many experimental, theoretical and numerical studies. In this study, influences of
plasma spray surface coating on high velocity impact resistance of AA 6061 T651 aluminum plates were
analyzed experimentally. Two different types of surface coating were applied to plates using plasma
spray. Using 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets, ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates
was tested. After the impact tests, penetration depth including plate bending on the front face and bulging
on the rear face of the target plate was measured. The improvement on the ballistic resistance of the
coated plates was clearly observed. The increase in non-perforating projectile velocity and the decrease in
penetration depth were both experienced.
of plasma spray surface coatings on the ballistic resistance of three specific aluminum alloys. Utilizing the
plasma spray technique, aluminum alloys 2024-T351, 6061-T651 and 7075-T651 were coated with
Co–Mo–Cr and ZrO2 and the ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates against high
velocity impact by 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets was examined. Improvement on the ballistic resistance
of the plates was clearly seen in the coated ones. It was observed from the tests that Co–Mo–Cr coating
is more efficient against penetration and bulging for AA6061-T651 and AA2024-T351 plates while ZrO2
coating is slightly superior to Co–Mo–Cr coating for AA7075-T651 plates.
was investigated in many experimental, theoretical and numerical studies. In this study, influences of
plasma spray surface coating on high velocity impact resistance of AA 6061 T651 aluminum plates were
analyzed experimentally. Two different types of surface coating were applied to plates using plasma
spray. Using 9.00 mm Parabellum bullets, ballistic performance of both uncoated and coated plates
was tested. After the impact tests, penetration depth including plate bending on the front face and bulging
on the rear face of the target plate was measured. The improvement on the ballistic resistance of the
coated plates was clearly observed. The increase in non-perforating projectile velocity and the decrease in
penetration depth were both experienced.