Experiments were performed to determine whether central endocrine or neural regulation is primari... more Experiments were performed to determine whether central endocrine or neural regulation is primarily involved with the development of endocrine responses in fetal adipose tissue metabolism. Fetuses within one uterine horn were either decapitated (decal)) or spinally cauterized at 45 d of gestation, with fetuses in the other horn serving as sham controls (intact). Fetuses were removed by cesarean section at
In addition to their fermentable dietary fiber and the soluble β-glucan fiber, oats have unique a... more In addition to their fermentable dietary fiber and the soluble β-glucan fiber, oats have unique avenanthramides that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which reduce coronary heart disease in human clinical trials. We hypothesized that oat consumption will increase insulin sensitivity, reduce body fat, and improve healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) through a mechanism involving the daf-2 gene, which codes for the insulin/IGF-1-like receptor; and that hyperglycemia will attenuate these changes. C. elegans wild type (N2), the null strains sir-2.1, daf-16, and daf-16/daf-2 were fed E. coli (OP50) and oat flakes (0.5%, 1.0%, or 3%) with and without 2% glucose. Oat feeding decreased intestinal fat deposition (IFD) in N2, daf-16, or daf-16/daf-2 strains (P<0.05), and glucose did not affect IFD response. The N2, daf-16, or sir-2.1 mutant increased the pharyngeal pumping rate (PPR, P<0.05), a surrogate marker of lifespan, following oat consumption. Oat consumption increased ckr-1, gcy-8, cpt-1, and cpt-2 mRNA expression in both the N2 and the sir-2.1 mutant, with significantly higher expression in sir-2.1 than in N2 (P<0.01). Additional glucose further increased expression 1.5fold of the four genes in N2 (P<0.01), decreased the expression of all except cpt-1 in the daf-16 mutant, and reduced mRNA expression of the four genes in the daf-16/daf-2 mutant (P<0.01).
Sun, M., R. J. Martin and G. L. Edwards. ICV β-hydroxybutyrate: Effects on food intake, body comp... more Sun, M., R. J. Martin and G. L. Edwards. ICV β-hydroxybutyrate: Effects on food intake, body composition, and body weight in rats. Physiol Behav 61(3) 433–436, 1997.—This study examined the effect of long-term intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) on food intake, diet selection, body weight, and body composition in rats. Female rats were divided into 2 groups and implanted
Sitagliptin (SG) increases serum GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) through inhibition of the hormon... more Sitagliptin (SG) increases serum GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) through inhibition of the hormone degradation. Resistant starch (RS) induces GLP-1 expression by stimulating Lcells in the intestine. Sitagliptin and resistant starch may have a synergistic interaction in the induction of GLP-1. This possibility was tested in current study in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia was induced in the diet-induced obese mice by a signal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Sitagliptin (0.4g/100g diet) was tested in the mice (n = 55) with dietary RS (HAM-RS2) at three dosages (0, 15, or 28g/100g diet). Energy and glucose metabolism were monitored in the evaluation of synergistic activity, and GLP-1 activity was determined in the GLP-1 receptor knockout (KO) mice. In the wild type mice, body weight and adiposity were reduced by sitagliptin, which was enhanced by RS (28g). Serum GLP-1 was induced and energy expenditure was enhanced by sitagliptin. Fasting glucose, insulin, and leptin levels were decreased by sitagliptin. The sitagliptin effects were lost in the KO mice (n = 25) although induction of serum GLP-1 by sitagliptin was even stronger in KO mice. The data suggests that sitagliptin is able to reduce adiposity and insulin resistance through induction of energy expenditure. The effect of sitagliptin is partially enhanced by RS. GLP-1 receptor may regulate serum GLP-1 by facilitating the hormone clearance.
The realization that low-glycemic index diets were formulated using resistant starch led to more ... more The realization that low-glycemic index diets were formulated using resistant starch led to more than a decade of research on the health effects of resistant starch. Determination of the metabolizable energy of the resistant starch product allowed for the performance of isocaloric studies. Fermentation of resistant starch in rodent studies results in what appears to be a healthier gut, demonstrated by increased amounts of short-chain fatty acids, an apparent positive change in the microbiota, and increased gene expression for gene products involved in normal healthy proliferation and apoptosis of potential cancer cells. Additionally, consumption of resistant starch was associated with reduced abdominal fat and improved insulin sensitivity. Increased serum glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) likely plays a role in promoting these health benefits. One rodent study that did not use isocaloric diets demonstrated that the use of resistant starch at 8% of the weight of the diet reduced body f...
The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2008
The objective of this study was to investigate change over time in financial abilities in patient... more The objective of this study was to investigate change over time in financial abilities in patients with mild Alzheimer disease (AD). The authors conducted a prospective 1-year longitudinal study at a large southern U.S. metropolitan-area medical school university. Participants included healthy older adults (N=63) and patients with mild AD (N=55). The authors conducted a standardized performance measure of financial capacity. Performance was assessed on 18 financial tasks, nine domains of financial activity, and overall financial capacity. Capacity outcomes classifications (capable, marginally capable, or incapable) for domains and overall performance were made using cut scores referenced to comparison group performance. At baseline, patients with mild AD performed significantly below healthy older adults on 16 of 18 tasks, on all nine domains, and on overall financial capacity. At one-year follow up, comparison group performance was stable on all variables. In contrast, patients wit...
Recent studies have demonstrated a reduction in body fat in growing animals fed conjugated linole... more Recent studies have demonstrated a reduction in body fat in growing animals fed conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Two experiments were conducted to extend these observations to obese rats so that the mechanism of the actions of CLA might be more easily elucidated. In experiment 1, male lean and obese Zucker rats were fed diets containing either 0 or 0.5% CLA for 5 wk. There was no effect of diet on growth rate or food intake. Dietary CLA reduced retroperitoneal and inguinal fat pad weights in the lean rats but increased fat pad weights in the obese genotype (diet x genotype interaction; P < 0.05). Determination of fat pad cellularity indicated that these changes in fat pad weight were due to a reduction or increase in average fat cell size for the lean and obese Zucker rats, respectively. In experiment 2, we sought to reproduce these effects on fat pad size, as well as to determine the effect of dietary CLA on the catabolic response to bacterial endotoxin injection in obese Zucker ...
Growth hormone and thyroid hormones have been implicated as important serum factors for adipocyte... more Growth hormone and thyroid hormones have been implicated as important serum factors for adipocyte development in cell culture. Fetal decapitation removes these factors from serum of the growing fetal pig and results in development of fewer adipocytes than in intact fetuses. These experiments examined the effects of growth hormone or thyroxine supplementation to decapitated fetal pig sera upon pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Hormones were supplemented to concentrations present in sera from intact pig littermates (reference). Sera +/- hormones were analyzed for their effects upon pre-adipocyte proliferation as determined by [3H]-thymidine incorporation; enzyme expression as determined by sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity; and induction of complete differentiation into lipid filled adipocytes as based upon a pre-adipocyte proliferation and enzyme expression than reference sera. Growth hormone had no effect in decap sera upon these parameters. Decap sera pe...
Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2003
Several genes involved in glucosensing of the endocrine pancreas have been proposed to serve a si... more Several genes involved in glucosensing of the endocrine pancreas have been proposed to serve a similar function in the brain. These genes include the glucose transporter-2 (Glut-2) and glucokinase (GK). In addition, the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, which serves as a downstream signal modulator in pancreatic glucosensing and centrally alters feeding, is also of interest. We used quantitative real-time RT-PCR to measure changes in hypothalamic and brainstem Glut-2, GK, and Glp-1R expression of these genes induced by food restriction and refeeding. Sprague-Dawley rats were 50% food restricted for 1 day; one-half of the food-restricted rats were refed with chow for 1 hr before sacrifice. In both hypothalamus and brainstem, gene expression of Glut-2, GK, and Glp-1R was significantly lower in refed rats compared with food-restricted rats. The measures of gene expression in two feeding control groups (ad libitum and voluntarily overfed animals) were intermediate between the food-restr...
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 1991
The effects of hippocampal encroachment in the language dominant-hemisphere were studied in 41 pa... more The effects of hippocampal encroachment in the language dominant-hemisphere were studied in 41 patients who underwent previous temporal lobectomy (TL). Patients undergoing dominant-hemisphere TL including anterior hippocampus (n = 13) performed significantly worse than nondominant TL patients (n = 16) on a verbal learning test (Selective Reminding; p less than or equal to .00001), thereby confirming the sensitivity of this procedure to lateralized temporal-lobe dysfunction. However, no significant difference was present on this or other primary measures of material-specific memory when contrasting dominant TL patients in whom the anterior hippocampus was spared (n = 12) to those in whom anterior hippocampus was resected. These data suggest that more extensive and posterior mesial temporal-lobe resection is not necessarily associated with a greater verbal material-specific memory deficit following dominant-hemisphere temporal lobectomy.
Introduction: Understanding the best ways to improve health care for a growing senior population ... more Introduction: Understanding the best ways to improve health care for a growing senior population requires evaluating seniors' satisfaction with medical care. Consequently, this study examined factors associated with satisfaction with health care (SWC) in a Medicare population. Methods: A telephone survey was completed with 1009 randomly selected adults 65 years and older enrolled in Medicare in Jefferson County Alabama. The questionnaire assessed health conditions, quality of life, limitations, and demographics. SWC was assessed using 5-point ratings of 12 aspects of their most recent doctor visit (range 12-60). Barriers to accessing health care (range 0-20) and problems with 12 activities of daily living (ADL; range 0-12) were also assessed. Results: The sample was 72% white, 27% African American, and 65% female. The average age was 78.8 years. Scale means were 45.6 for SWC, 1.7 for barriers, and 2.2 for ADL problems. SWC was significantly correlated with ADL (r = -.135; p Disc...
Seizures and epilepsy are common in older adults especially in some minorities. Despite the impor... more Seizures and epilepsy are common in older adults especially in some minorities. Despite the importance of medical care to maximize seizure control, little is known about its quality across racial groups. One indicator of quality care is the receipt of electroencephalograms (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) or computer tomography scans (CTs) after a first seizure. Neurologists&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; care is also important, given associated diagnosis and treatment challenges in older patients. To examine seizure-related care in the year after a first seizure for Medicare beneficiaries by race. Retrospective administrative claims analysis for 186,547 beneficiaries with claims for seizure or epilepsy in 2003-2005. Logistic regressions determined the association between care and race (White, Asian, African and Native Americans) adjusting for beneficiary, seizure, and community factors. EEGs, CTs or MRIs, and neurology visits. About 60% received EEGs, 80% had MRIs or CT scans, and only 55.9% had an EEG and CT scan or an MRI. CT use (74%) was higher than MRI use (41%). About 79% had neurology visits. Compared with Whites, Native Americans were less likely to have neurology visits (66.9% vs. 78.8%; adjusted odds ratio: 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.92). No clinically significant differences (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;5%) were found for care received by other minorities compared with Whites. Medicare beneficiaries with new-onset seizures commonly visit a neurologist, with some groups lagging behind. Use of some diagnostic tests is less common. Studies should continue investigating the quality of medical care for older adults with seizures.
Summary The effect of genetic selection for backfat accumulation on adipose tissue and muscle lip... more Summary The effect of genetic selection for backfat accumulation on adipose tissue and muscle lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in fetal and neonatal pigs was investigated. Fetal pigs at 110 d of ges- tation were taken surgically from sows of either a high backfat (High) or low backfat (Low) line of Yorkshire pigs selected over 18 generations on the basis of backfat
Summary Serum metabolite and hormone concentra- tions were examined in sows, term fetuses and neo... more Summary Serum metabolite and hormone concentra- tions were examined in sows, term fetuses and neonatal pigs in response to severe endocrine or nutritional restrictions. After development of maternal alloxan diabetes or maternal fasting, serum concentrations of free fatty acid (FFA), 3-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB), growth hormone (GH) and glucagon were higher, and concentra- tions of insulin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were
Experiments were performed to determine whether central endocrine or neural regulation is primari... more Experiments were performed to determine whether central endocrine or neural regulation is primarily involved with the development of endocrine responses in fetal adipose tissue metabolism. Fetuses within one uterine horn were either decapitated (decal)) or spinally cauterized at 45 d of gestation, with fetuses in the other horn serving as sham controls (intact). Fetuses were removed by cesarean section at
In addition to their fermentable dietary fiber and the soluble β-glucan fiber, oats have unique a... more In addition to their fermentable dietary fiber and the soluble β-glucan fiber, oats have unique avenanthramides that have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties which reduce coronary heart disease in human clinical trials. We hypothesized that oat consumption will increase insulin sensitivity, reduce body fat, and improve healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) through a mechanism involving the daf-2 gene, which codes for the insulin/IGF-1-like receptor; and that hyperglycemia will attenuate these changes. C. elegans wild type (N2), the null strains sir-2.1, daf-16, and daf-16/daf-2 were fed E. coli (OP50) and oat flakes (0.5%, 1.0%, or 3%) with and without 2% glucose. Oat feeding decreased intestinal fat deposition (IFD) in N2, daf-16, or daf-16/daf-2 strains (P<0.05), and glucose did not affect IFD response. The N2, daf-16, or sir-2.1 mutant increased the pharyngeal pumping rate (PPR, P<0.05), a surrogate marker of lifespan, following oat consumption. Oat consumption increased ckr-1, gcy-8, cpt-1, and cpt-2 mRNA expression in both the N2 and the sir-2.1 mutant, with significantly higher expression in sir-2.1 than in N2 (P<0.01). Additional glucose further increased expression 1.5fold of the four genes in N2 (P<0.01), decreased the expression of all except cpt-1 in the daf-16 mutant, and reduced mRNA expression of the four genes in the daf-16/daf-2 mutant (P<0.01).
Sun, M., R. J. Martin and G. L. Edwards. ICV β-hydroxybutyrate: Effects on food intake, body comp... more Sun, M., R. J. Martin and G. L. Edwards. ICV β-hydroxybutyrate: Effects on food intake, body composition, and body weight in rats. Physiol Behav 61(3) 433–436, 1997.—This study examined the effect of long-term intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB) on food intake, diet selection, body weight, and body composition in rats. Female rats were divided into 2 groups and implanted
Sitagliptin (SG) increases serum GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) through inhibition of the hormon... more Sitagliptin (SG) increases serum GLP-1 (Glucagon-like peptide-1) through inhibition of the hormone degradation. Resistant starch (RS) induces GLP-1 expression by stimulating Lcells in the intestine. Sitagliptin and resistant starch may have a synergistic interaction in the induction of GLP-1. This possibility was tested in current study in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Hyperglycemia was induced in the diet-induced obese mice by a signal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Sitagliptin (0.4g/100g diet) was tested in the mice (n = 55) with dietary RS (HAM-RS2) at three dosages (0, 15, or 28g/100g diet). Energy and glucose metabolism were monitored in the evaluation of synergistic activity, and GLP-1 activity was determined in the GLP-1 receptor knockout (KO) mice. In the wild type mice, body weight and adiposity were reduced by sitagliptin, which was enhanced by RS (28g). Serum GLP-1 was induced and energy expenditure was enhanced by sitagliptin. Fasting glucose, insulin, and leptin levels were decreased by sitagliptin. The sitagliptin effects were lost in the KO mice (n = 25) although induction of serum GLP-1 by sitagliptin was even stronger in KO mice. The data suggests that sitagliptin is able to reduce adiposity and insulin resistance through induction of energy expenditure. The effect of sitagliptin is partially enhanced by RS. GLP-1 receptor may regulate serum GLP-1 by facilitating the hormone clearance.
The realization that low-glycemic index diets were formulated using resistant starch led to more ... more The realization that low-glycemic index diets were formulated using resistant starch led to more than a decade of research on the health effects of resistant starch. Determination of the metabolizable energy of the resistant starch product allowed for the performance of isocaloric studies. Fermentation of resistant starch in rodent studies results in what appears to be a healthier gut, demonstrated by increased amounts of short-chain fatty acids, an apparent positive change in the microbiota, and increased gene expression for gene products involved in normal healthy proliferation and apoptosis of potential cancer cells. Additionally, consumption of resistant starch was associated with reduced abdominal fat and improved insulin sensitivity. Increased serum glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) likely plays a role in promoting these health benefits. One rodent study that did not use isocaloric diets demonstrated that the use of resistant starch at 8% of the weight of the diet reduced body f...
The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry, 2008
The objective of this study was to investigate change over time in financial abilities in patient... more The objective of this study was to investigate change over time in financial abilities in patients with mild Alzheimer disease (AD). The authors conducted a prospective 1-year longitudinal study at a large southern U.S. metropolitan-area medical school university. Participants included healthy older adults (N=63) and patients with mild AD (N=55). The authors conducted a standardized performance measure of financial capacity. Performance was assessed on 18 financial tasks, nine domains of financial activity, and overall financial capacity. Capacity outcomes classifications (capable, marginally capable, or incapable) for domains and overall performance were made using cut scores referenced to comparison group performance. At baseline, patients with mild AD performed significantly below healthy older adults on 16 of 18 tasks, on all nine domains, and on overall financial capacity. At one-year follow up, comparison group performance was stable on all variables. In contrast, patients wit...
Recent studies have demonstrated a reduction in body fat in growing animals fed conjugated linole... more Recent studies have demonstrated a reduction in body fat in growing animals fed conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Two experiments were conducted to extend these observations to obese rats so that the mechanism of the actions of CLA might be more easily elucidated. In experiment 1, male lean and obese Zucker rats were fed diets containing either 0 or 0.5% CLA for 5 wk. There was no effect of diet on growth rate or food intake. Dietary CLA reduced retroperitoneal and inguinal fat pad weights in the lean rats but increased fat pad weights in the obese genotype (diet x genotype interaction; P < 0.05). Determination of fat pad cellularity indicated that these changes in fat pad weight were due to a reduction or increase in average fat cell size for the lean and obese Zucker rats, respectively. In experiment 2, we sought to reproduce these effects on fat pad size, as well as to determine the effect of dietary CLA on the catabolic response to bacterial endotoxin injection in obese Zucker ...
Growth hormone and thyroid hormones have been implicated as important serum factors for adipocyte... more Growth hormone and thyroid hormones have been implicated as important serum factors for adipocyte development in cell culture. Fetal decapitation removes these factors from serum of the growing fetal pig and results in development of fewer adipocytes than in intact fetuses. These experiments examined the effects of growth hormone or thyroxine supplementation to decapitated fetal pig sera upon pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. Hormones were supplemented to concentrations present in sera from intact pig littermates (reference). Sera +/- hormones were analyzed for their effects upon pre-adipocyte proliferation as determined by [3H]-thymidine incorporation; enzyme expression as determined by sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity; and induction of complete differentiation into lipid filled adipocytes as based upon a pre-adipocyte proliferation and enzyme expression than reference sera. Growth hormone had no effect in decap sera upon these parameters. Decap sera pe...
Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.), 2003
Several genes involved in glucosensing of the endocrine pancreas have been proposed to serve a si... more Several genes involved in glucosensing of the endocrine pancreas have been proposed to serve a similar function in the brain. These genes include the glucose transporter-2 (Glut-2) and glucokinase (GK). In addition, the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor, which serves as a downstream signal modulator in pancreatic glucosensing and centrally alters feeding, is also of interest. We used quantitative real-time RT-PCR to measure changes in hypothalamic and brainstem Glut-2, GK, and Glp-1R expression of these genes induced by food restriction and refeeding. Sprague-Dawley rats were 50% food restricted for 1 day; one-half of the food-restricted rats were refed with chow for 1 hr before sacrifice. In both hypothalamus and brainstem, gene expression of Glut-2, GK, and Glp-1R was significantly lower in refed rats compared with food-restricted rats. The measures of gene expression in two feeding control groups (ad libitum and voluntarily overfed animals) were intermediate between the food-restr...
Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 1991
The effects of hippocampal encroachment in the language dominant-hemisphere were studied in 41 pa... more The effects of hippocampal encroachment in the language dominant-hemisphere were studied in 41 patients who underwent previous temporal lobectomy (TL). Patients undergoing dominant-hemisphere TL including anterior hippocampus (n = 13) performed significantly worse than nondominant TL patients (n = 16) on a verbal learning test (Selective Reminding; p less than or equal to .00001), thereby confirming the sensitivity of this procedure to lateralized temporal-lobe dysfunction. However, no significant difference was present on this or other primary measures of material-specific memory when contrasting dominant TL patients in whom the anterior hippocampus was spared (n = 12) to those in whom anterior hippocampus was resected. These data suggest that more extensive and posterior mesial temporal-lobe resection is not necessarily associated with a greater verbal material-specific memory deficit following dominant-hemisphere temporal lobectomy.
Introduction: Understanding the best ways to improve health care for a growing senior population ... more Introduction: Understanding the best ways to improve health care for a growing senior population requires evaluating seniors' satisfaction with medical care. Consequently, this study examined factors associated with satisfaction with health care (SWC) in a Medicare population. Methods: A telephone survey was completed with 1009 randomly selected adults 65 years and older enrolled in Medicare in Jefferson County Alabama. The questionnaire assessed health conditions, quality of life, limitations, and demographics. SWC was assessed using 5-point ratings of 12 aspects of their most recent doctor visit (range 12-60). Barriers to accessing health care (range 0-20) and problems with 12 activities of daily living (ADL; range 0-12) were also assessed. Results: The sample was 72% white, 27% African American, and 65% female. The average age was 78.8 years. Scale means were 45.6 for SWC, 1.7 for barriers, and 2.2 for ADL problems. SWC was significantly correlated with ADL (r = -.135; p Disc...
Seizures and epilepsy are common in older adults especially in some minorities. Despite the impor... more Seizures and epilepsy are common in older adults especially in some minorities. Despite the importance of medical care to maximize seizure control, little is known about its quality across racial groups. One indicator of quality care is the receipt of electroencephalograms (EEG), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) or computer tomography scans (CTs) after a first seizure. Neurologists&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; care is also important, given associated diagnosis and treatment challenges in older patients. To examine seizure-related care in the year after a first seizure for Medicare beneficiaries by race. Retrospective administrative claims analysis for 186,547 beneficiaries with claims for seizure or epilepsy in 2003-2005. Logistic regressions determined the association between care and race (White, Asian, African and Native Americans) adjusting for beneficiary, seizure, and community factors. EEGs, CTs or MRIs, and neurology visits. About 60% received EEGs, 80% had MRIs or CT scans, and only 55.9% had an EEG and CT scan or an MRI. CT use (74%) was higher than MRI use (41%). About 79% had neurology visits. Compared with Whites, Native Americans were less likely to have neurology visits (66.9% vs. 78.8%; adjusted odds ratio: 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.92). No clinically significant differences (&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;5%) were found for care received by other minorities compared with Whites. Medicare beneficiaries with new-onset seizures commonly visit a neurologist, with some groups lagging behind. Use of some diagnostic tests is less common. Studies should continue investigating the quality of medical care for older adults with seizures.
Summary The effect of genetic selection for backfat accumulation on adipose tissue and muscle lip... more Summary The effect of genetic selection for backfat accumulation on adipose tissue and muscle lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in fetal and neonatal pigs was investigated. Fetal pigs at 110 d of ges- tation were taken surgically from sows of either a high backfat (High) or low backfat (Low) line of Yorkshire pigs selected over 18 generations on the basis of backfat
Summary Serum metabolite and hormone concentra- tions were examined in sows, term fetuses and neo... more Summary Serum metabolite and hormone concentra- tions were examined in sows, term fetuses and neonatal pigs in response to severe endocrine or nutritional restrictions. After development of maternal alloxan diabetes or maternal fasting, serum concentrations of free fatty acid (FFA), 3-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB), growth hormone (GH) and glucagon were higher, and concentra- tions of insulin, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were
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