Acknowledgments Acronyms SECTION ONE: OVERVIEW Executive Summary 1 The Situation of Women 2 Compa... more Acknowledgments Acronyms SECTION ONE: OVERVIEW Executive Summary 1 The Situation of Women 2 Comparative Analysis 3 Implications 4 Awareness 5 Threats and Challenges 6 Best Practices 7 Lessons and Conclusions 8 Research Recommendations 9 Country Recommendations SECTION TWO: SOUTH AFRICAN COUNTRY REPORT SECTION THREE: ZAMBIAN COUNTRY REPORT SECTION FOUR: MOZAMBICAN COUNTRY REPORT SECTION FIVE: OVERALL SUMMARY Appendices Bibliography
... formal groups: national unions, associations of farmers producing one particular commodity,co... more ... formal groups: national unions, associations of farmers producing one particular commodity,co-operatives, and trusts ... The ten women in the group all took individual micro-credit loans of less than ... and are using it to invest in shared agricultural and small-scale business activities. ...
This gender analysis of the green transition in South Africa explores opportunities to promote ge... more This gender analysis of the green transition in South Africa explores opportunities to promote gender equality perspectives in the green and circular economy. It analyses the switches taking place in the labour market and in entrepreneurial opportunities due to the process of green transition, focusing on the sectors of agriculture, fisheries, forestry and environment, and energy. Many opportunities for green jobs and entrepreneurship for women were identified in these sectors, including jobs and smallholders in organic vegan food supply, in aquaculture, horticulture, honeybush, natural resource management, restoration of damaged waterbodies and ecosystems, protection of wildlife, vendors of goods and services to Independent Power Producers (IPPs) of renewable energy, local renewable energy production and maintenance of decentralised energy systems.
The recent floods in KwaZulu Natal (April 2022) show how geospatial racial structures created under the apartheid system increase risks for underserved communities. Particularly women and children who live in marginalised conditions and in environmentally degraded areas, are disproportionally affected by disasters. Therefore the study advocates for a gender transformative approach in the agenda for climate change, and in the management of early warning systems and disaster risk reduction.
Regarding the sector of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), the study reviews the different dimensions of water scarcity and the water infrastructure delivery with a gender lens. Backlogs in WASH services are concentrated in rural areas along the Eastern seaboard in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, and to a lesser extent in Limpopo, and among an estimated 10 million residents of urban informal settlements in and around the major cities of South Africa. In these urban settlements, the poorly designed community facilities and the lack of maintenance, cleaning and repairs of broken toilets and boreholes affects women’s health and safety and that of their children, increases their unpaid work burdens, and reduces their opportunities to study, to find a job, or to produce food. The gender analyses gives some examples of civil society organisations in South Africa that have initiated strategies to empower grassroots women, to make their voices heard, and to restore trust between government and citizens by strengthening bottom-up participative democracy and to increase transparency and accountability in the WASH-sector.
South Africa is urbanising rapidly with two third of its population living now in cities. The legacy of apartheid spatial design is engrained in South African urban society and has created the most polarised cities in the world. Cities have been planned and designed for men and by men, reflecting traditional gender roles and divisions of labour. As a result, the built urban environment, its dynamics and structures in all aspects, including transport, health, education, energy, water and sanitation, waste management, safety and freedom from violence impose disproportionate burdens on women, thereby further exacerbating and reinforcing existing gender inequities. The efforts of the government of South Africa to address and correct these deeply rooted inequalities include a new District Development Model (DDM) that aims to address service delivery, challenges, localised procurement and job creation and support local businesses and communities’ involvement.
This gender analysis of the green transition in South Africa has been commissioned by the European Delegation to South Africa with the aim to enhance gender mainstreaming in European Union's cooperation with South Africa. The content of the gender analysis is however the full responsibility of the teamleader/author Thera Van Osch and the consulting companies that implemented the study..
This gender analysis of the digital transformation in South Africa provides a contextual overview... more This gender analysis of the digital transformation in South Africa provides a contextual overview of the country’s socio-economic landscape, the dualistic characteristics of the South African economy, as both an advanced and a developing economy, and how this plays out in the Information Communication and Technology (ICT) sector. It explores the relevance of promoting gender equality in the digital transformation process, highlighting the common ground for cooperation and partnership between South Africa and the European Union (EU) in this area. It is focused on the following topics:
a) The potential of the digital transformation to promoting the economic empowerment of women and girls, including e-commerce, digital service delivery, decentralised home-based digital economic processes, digital solutions to combine work with family responsibilities, etc.
b) Gender-relevant aspects of the e-governance process in South Africa, which is one of the leading countries in the African continent in terms of e-government development.
c) The gender digital divide that runs along the lines and historical structures of discrimination, oppression, gender inequality and other socio-economic factors.
d) Disparities in access, use and benefits of ICT services and tools, mainly due to the high cost of data and access to ICT-services, which cuts across all the structural inequalities, and how the government is addressing these disparities.
e) Online harms and online gender-based violence (OGBV), and its disproportionate impact on women, girls, and gender and sexual minorities. Recent law reform developments are highlighted, as well as civil society initiatives that mark important steps to enhance a safer, accessible, and inclusive internet in South Africa.
f) The final section summarises the key findings and recommendations to support and strengthen South Africa’s efforts towards an equal and inclusive digital transformation that promotes and encourages the empowerment of women and girls.
Disclaimer: This gender analysis of the green transition in South Africa has been commissioned by the European Delegation to South Africa with the aim to enhance gender mainstreaming in European Union's cooperation with South Africa. The content of the gender analysis is however the full responsibility of the teamleader/author Thera Van Osch and the consulting companies that implemented the study..
Acknowledgments Acronyms SECTION ONE: OVERVIEW Executive Summary 1 The Situation of Women 2 Compa... more Acknowledgments Acronyms SECTION ONE: OVERVIEW Executive Summary 1 The Situation of Women 2 Comparative Analysis 3 Implications 4 Awareness 5 Threats and Challenges 6 Best Practices 7 Lessons and Conclusions 8 Research Recommendations 9 Country Recommendations SECTION TWO: SOUTH AFRICAN COUNTRY REPORT SECTION THREE: ZAMBIAN COUNTRY REPORT SECTION FOUR: MOZAMBICAN COUNTRY REPORT SECTION FIVE: OVERALL SUMMARY Appendices Bibliography
... formal groups: national unions, associations of farmers producing one particular commodity,co... more ... formal groups: national unions, associations of farmers producing one particular commodity,co-operatives, and trusts ... The ten women in the group all took individual micro-credit loans of less than ... and are using it to invest in shared agricultural and small-scale business activities. ...
This gender analysis of the green transition in South Africa explores opportunities to promote ge... more This gender analysis of the green transition in South Africa explores opportunities to promote gender equality perspectives in the green and circular economy. It analyses the switches taking place in the labour market and in entrepreneurial opportunities due to the process of green transition, focusing on the sectors of agriculture, fisheries, forestry and environment, and energy. Many opportunities for green jobs and entrepreneurship for women were identified in these sectors, including jobs and smallholders in organic vegan food supply, in aquaculture, horticulture, honeybush, natural resource management, restoration of damaged waterbodies and ecosystems, protection of wildlife, vendors of goods and services to Independent Power Producers (IPPs) of renewable energy, local renewable energy production and maintenance of decentralised energy systems.
The recent floods in KwaZulu Natal (April 2022) show how geospatial racial structures created under the apartheid system increase risks for underserved communities. Particularly women and children who live in marginalised conditions and in environmentally degraded areas, are disproportionally affected by disasters. Therefore the study advocates for a gender transformative approach in the agenda for climate change, and in the management of early warning systems and disaster risk reduction.
Regarding the sector of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), the study reviews the different dimensions of water scarcity and the water infrastructure delivery with a gender lens. Backlogs in WASH services are concentrated in rural areas along the Eastern seaboard in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, and to a lesser extent in Limpopo, and among an estimated 10 million residents of urban informal settlements in and around the major cities of South Africa. In these urban settlements, the poorly designed community facilities and the lack of maintenance, cleaning and repairs of broken toilets and boreholes affects women’s health and safety and that of their children, increases their unpaid work burdens, and reduces their opportunities to study, to find a job, or to produce food. The gender analyses gives some examples of civil society organisations in South Africa that have initiated strategies to empower grassroots women, to make their voices heard, and to restore trust between government and citizens by strengthening bottom-up participative democracy and to increase transparency and accountability in the WASH-sector.
South Africa is urbanising rapidly with two third of its population living now in cities. The legacy of apartheid spatial design is engrained in South African urban society and has created the most polarised cities in the world. Cities have been planned and designed for men and by men, reflecting traditional gender roles and divisions of labour. As a result, the built urban environment, its dynamics and structures in all aspects, including transport, health, education, energy, water and sanitation, waste management, safety and freedom from violence impose disproportionate burdens on women, thereby further exacerbating and reinforcing existing gender inequities. The efforts of the government of South Africa to address and correct these deeply rooted inequalities include a new District Development Model (DDM) that aims to address service delivery, challenges, localised procurement and job creation and support local businesses and communities’ involvement.
This gender analysis of the green transition in South Africa has been commissioned by the European Delegation to South Africa with the aim to enhance gender mainstreaming in European Union's cooperation with South Africa. The content of the gender analysis is however the full responsibility of the teamleader/author Thera Van Osch and the consulting companies that implemented the study..
This gender analysis of the digital transformation in South Africa provides a contextual overview... more This gender analysis of the digital transformation in South Africa provides a contextual overview of the country’s socio-economic landscape, the dualistic characteristics of the South African economy, as both an advanced and a developing economy, and how this plays out in the Information Communication and Technology (ICT) sector. It explores the relevance of promoting gender equality in the digital transformation process, highlighting the common ground for cooperation and partnership between South Africa and the European Union (EU) in this area. It is focused on the following topics:
a) The potential of the digital transformation to promoting the economic empowerment of women and girls, including e-commerce, digital service delivery, decentralised home-based digital economic processes, digital solutions to combine work with family responsibilities, etc.
b) Gender-relevant aspects of the e-governance process in South Africa, which is one of the leading countries in the African continent in terms of e-government development.
c) The gender digital divide that runs along the lines and historical structures of discrimination, oppression, gender inequality and other socio-economic factors.
d) Disparities in access, use and benefits of ICT services and tools, mainly due to the high cost of data and access to ICT-services, which cuts across all the structural inequalities, and how the government is addressing these disparities.
e) Online harms and online gender-based violence (OGBV), and its disproportionate impact on women, girls, and gender and sexual minorities. Recent law reform developments are highlighted, as well as civil society initiatives that mark important steps to enhance a safer, accessible, and inclusive internet in South Africa.
f) The final section summarises the key findings and recommendations to support and strengthen South Africa’s efforts towards an equal and inclusive digital transformation that promotes and encourages the empowerment of women and girls.
Disclaimer: This gender analysis of the green transition in South Africa has been commissioned by the European Delegation to South Africa with the aim to enhance gender mainstreaming in European Union's cooperation with South Africa. The content of the gender analysis is however the full responsibility of the teamleader/author Thera Van Osch and the consulting companies that implemented the study..
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The recent floods in KwaZulu Natal (April 2022) show how geospatial racial structures created under the apartheid system increase risks for underserved communities. Particularly women and children who live in marginalised conditions and in environmentally degraded areas, are disproportionally affected by disasters. Therefore the study advocates for a gender transformative approach in the agenda for climate change, and in the management of early warning systems and disaster risk reduction.
Regarding the sector of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), the study reviews the different dimensions of water scarcity and the water infrastructure delivery with a gender lens. Backlogs in WASH services are concentrated in rural areas along the Eastern seaboard in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, and to a lesser extent in Limpopo, and among an estimated 10 million residents of urban informal settlements in and around the major cities of South Africa. In these urban settlements, the poorly designed community facilities and the lack of maintenance, cleaning and repairs of broken toilets and boreholes affects women’s health and safety and that of their children, increases their unpaid work burdens, and reduces their opportunities to study, to find a job, or to produce food. The gender analyses gives some examples of civil society organisations in South Africa that have initiated strategies to empower grassroots women, to make their voices heard, and to restore trust between government and citizens by strengthening bottom-up participative democracy and to increase transparency and accountability in the WASH-sector.
South Africa is urbanising rapidly with two third of its population living now in cities. The legacy of apartheid spatial design is engrained in South African urban society and has created the most polarised cities in the world. Cities have been planned and designed for men and by men, reflecting traditional gender roles and divisions of labour. As a result, the built urban environment, its dynamics and structures in all aspects, including transport, health, education, energy, water and sanitation, waste management, safety and freedom from violence impose disproportionate burdens on women, thereby further exacerbating and reinforcing existing gender inequities. The efforts of the government of South Africa to address and correct these deeply rooted inequalities include a new District Development Model (DDM) that aims to address service delivery, challenges, localised procurement and job creation and support local businesses and communities’ involvement.
This gender analysis of the green transition in South Africa has been commissioned by the European Delegation to South Africa with the aim to enhance gender mainstreaming in European Union's cooperation with South Africa. The content of the gender analysis is however the full responsibility of the teamleader/author Thera Van Osch and the consulting companies that implemented the study..
a) The potential of the digital transformation to promoting the economic empowerment of women and girls, including e-commerce, digital service delivery, decentralised home-based digital economic processes, digital solutions to combine work with family responsibilities, etc.
b) Gender-relevant aspects of the e-governance process in South Africa, which is one of the leading countries in the African continent in terms of e-government development.
c) The gender digital divide that runs along the lines and historical structures of discrimination, oppression, gender inequality and other socio-economic factors.
d) Disparities in access, use and benefits of ICT services and tools, mainly due to the high cost of data and access to ICT-services, which cuts across all the structural inequalities, and how the government is addressing these disparities.
e) Online harms and online gender-based violence (OGBV), and its disproportionate impact on women, girls, and gender and sexual minorities. Recent law reform developments are highlighted, as well as civil society initiatives that mark important steps to enhance a safer, accessible, and inclusive internet in South Africa.
f) The final section summarises the key findings and recommendations to support and strengthen South Africa’s efforts towards an equal and inclusive digital transformation that promotes and encourages the empowerment of women and girls.
Disclaimer: This gender analysis of the green transition in South Africa has been commissioned by the European Delegation to South Africa with the aim to enhance gender mainstreaming in European Union's cooperation with South Africa. The content of the gender analysis is however the full responsibility of the teamleader/author Thera Van Osch and the consulting companies that implemented the study..
The recent floods in KwaZulu Natal (April 2022) show how geospatial racial structures created under the apartheid system increase risks for underserved communities. Particularly women and children who live in marginalised conditions and in environmentally degraded areas, are disproportionally affected by disasters. Therefore the study advocates for a gender transformative approach in the agenda for climate change, and in the management of early warning systems and disaster risk reduction.
Regarding the sector of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), the study reviews the different dimensions of water scarcity and the water infrastructure delivery with a gender lens. Backlogs in WASH services are concentrated in rural areas along the Eastern seaboard in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal, and to a lesser extent in Limpopo, and among an estimated 10 million residents of urban informal settlements in and around the major cities of South Africa. In these urban settlements, the poorly designed community facilities and the lack of maintenance, cleaning and repairs of broken toilets and boreholes affects women’s health and safety and that of their children, increases their unpaid work burdens, and reduces their opportunities to study, to find a job, or to produce food. The gender analyses gives some examples of civil society organisations in South Africa that have initiated strategies to empower grassroots women, to make their voices heard, and to restore trust between government and citizens by strengthening bottom-up participative democracy and to increase transparency and accountability in the WASH-sector.
South Africa is urbanising rapidly with two third of its population living now in cities. The legacy of apartheid spatial design is engrained in South African urban society and has created the most polarised cities in the world. Cities have been planned and designed for men and by men, reflecting traditional gender roles and divisions of labour. As a result, the built urban environment, its dynamics and structures in all aspects, including transport, health, education, energy, water and sanitation, waste management, safety and freedom from violence impose disproportionate burdens on women, thereby further exacerbating and reinforcing existing gender inequities. The efforts of the government of South Africa to address and correct these deeply rooted inequalities include a new District Development Model (DDM) that aims to address service delivery, challenges, localised procurement and job creation and support local businesses and communities’ involvement.
This gender analysis of the green transition in South Africa has been commissioned by the European Delegation to South Africa with the aim to enhance gender mainstreaming in European Union's cooperation with South Africa. The content of the gender analysis is however the full responsibility of the teamleader/author Thera Van Osch and the consulting companies that implemented the study..
a) The potential of the digital transformation to promoting the economic empowerment of women and girls, including e-commerce, digital service delivery, decentralised home-based digital economic processes, digital solutions to combine work with family responsibilities, etc.
b) Gender-relevant aspects of the e-governance process in South Africa, which is one of the leading countries in the African continent in terms of e-government development.
c) The gender digital divide that runs along the lines and historical structures of discrimination, oppression, gender inequality and other socio-economic factors.
d) Disparities in access, use and benefits of ICT services and tools, mainly due to the high cost of data and access to ICT-services, which cuts across all the structural inequalities, and how the government is addressing these disparities.
e) Online harms and online gender-based violence (OGBV), and its disproportionate impact on women, girls, and gender and sexual minorities. Recent law reform developments are highlighted, as well as civil society initiatives that mark important steps to enhance a safer, accessible, and inclusive internet in South Africa.
f) The final section summarises the key findings and recommendations to support and strengthen South Africa’s efforts towards an equal and inclusive digital transformation that promotes and encourages the empowerment of women and girls.
Disclaimer: This gender analysis of the green transition in South Africa has been commissioned by the European Delegation to South Africa with the aim to enhance gender mainstreaming in European Union's cooperation with South Africa. The content of the gender analysis is however the full responsibility of the teamleader/author Thera Van Osch and the consulting companies that implemented the study..