As Zika virus continues to spread, decisions regarding resource allocations to control the outbre... more As Zika virus continues to spread, decisions regarding resource allocations to control the outbreak underscore the need for a tool to weigh policies according to their cost and the health burden they could avert. For example, to combat the current Zika outbreak the US President requested the allocation of $1.8 billion from Congress in February 2016. Illustrated through an interactive tool, we evaluated how the number of Zika cases averted, the period during pregnancy in which Zika infection poses a risk of microcephaly, and probabilities of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) impact the cost at which an intervention is cost-effective. From Northeast Brazilian microcephaly incidence data, we estimated the probability of microcephaly in infants born to Zika-infected women (0.49% to 2.10%). We also estimated the probability of GBS arising from Zika infections in Brazil (0.02% to 0.06%) and Colombia (0.08%). We calculated that each microcephaly and GBS case incurs the loss of...
Objective: To report the first finding of Aedes albopictus in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Co... more Objective: To report the first finding of Aedes albopictus in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Methods: Mosquito immature stages collected in the neighborhood La Carpio, District Uruca, San José, as part of an epidemiological intervention were diagnosed preliminarily as Ae. albopictus. This material was fixed in 70 % alcohol, cleared in lactophenol, and taxonomically evaluated using specialized dichotomous keys. Results: Larvae and pupae were collected from two types of breeding sites, a can and a bucket. The characteristics of the specimens allowed their taxonomic identification as Ae. albopictus. This is the first report of the presence of this vector in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Discussion: The presence of Ae. albopictus in the Greater Metropolitan Area occurs as part of the expansion of this vector throughout the country. This presence should be investigated to determine its possible role in the transmission of dengue. On the other hand, the presen...
Species and breeding sites of mosquitoes (Diptera:culicidae) present in the urban area of the Hue... more Species and breeding sites of mosquitoes (Diptera:culicidae) present in the urban area of the Huetar Atlantica region of Costa Rica Introduction. Dengue is the main vector transmission disease in Costa Rica. The control requires an integral knowledge of its vector which uses a wide variety of artificial containers for breeding. Objective. To report the mosquito species and breeding sites present in the urban area of the Huetar Atlantica region of Costa Rica. Materials and Methods. The survey was car- ried out by the workers of the Ae. aegypti control program during September and October, 2008, simultaneously in six municipalities of the studied region. Results. A total of fourteen mosquito species were identified, the survey identified Ae. aegypti
Objective: To report the first finding of Aedes albopictus in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Co... more Objective: To report the first finding of Aedes albopictus in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Methods: Mosquito immature stages collected in the neighborhood La Carpio, District Uruca, San José, as part of an epidemiological intervention were diagnosed preliminarily as Ae. albopictus. This material was fixed in 70 % alcohol, cleared in lactophenol, and taxonomically evaluated using specialized dichotomous keys. Results: Larvae and pupae were collected from two types of breeding sites, a can and a bucket. The characteristics of the specimens allowed their taxonomic identification as Ae. albopictus. This is the first report of the presence of this vector in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Discussion: The presence of Ae. albopictus in the Greater Metropolitan Area occurs as part of the expansion of this vector throughout the country. This presence should be investigated to determine its possible role in the transmission of dengue. On the other hand, the presen...
As Zika virus continues to spread, decisions regarding resource allocations to control the outbre... more As Zika virus continues to spread, decisions regarding resource allocations to control the outbreak underscore the need for a tool to weigh policies according to their cost and the health burden they could avert. For example, to combat the current Zika outbreak the US President requested the allocation of $1.8 billion from Congress in February 2016. Illustrated through an interactive tool, we evaluated how the number of Zika cases averted, the period during pregnancy in which Zika infection poses a risk of microcephaly, and probabilities of microcephaly and Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) impact the cost at which an intervention is cost-effective. From Northeast Brazilian microcephaly incidence data, we estimated the probability of microcephaly in infants born to Zika-infected women (0.49% to 2.10%). We also estimated the probability of GBS arising from Zika infections in Brazil (0.02% to 0.06%) and Colombia (0.08%). We calculated that each microcephaly and GBS case incurs the loss of...
Objective: To report the first finding of Aedes albopictus in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Co... more Objective: To report the first finding of Aedes albopictus in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Methods: Mosquito immature stages collected in the neighborhood La Carpio, District Uruca, San José, as part of an epidemiological intervention were diagnosed preliminarily as Ae. albopictus. This material was fixed in 70 % alcohol, cleared in lactophenol, and taxonomically evaluated using specialized dichotomous keys. Results: Larvae and pupae were collected from two types of breeding sites, a can and a bucket. The characteristics of the specimens allowed their taxonomic identification as Ae. albopictus. This is the first report of the presence of this vector in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Discussion: The presence of Ae. albopictus in the Greater Metropolitan Area occurs as part of the expansion of this vector throughout the country. This presence should be investigated to determine its possible role in the transmission of dengue. On the other hand, the presen...
Species and breeding sites of mosquitoes (Diptera:culicidae) present in the urban area of the Hue... more Species and breeding sites of mosquitoes (Diptera:culicidae) present in the urban area of the Huetar Atlantica region of Costa Rica Introduction. Dengue is the main vector transmission disease in Costa Rica. The control requires an integral knowledge of its vector which uses a wide variety of artificial containers for breeding. Objective. To report the mosquito species and breeding sites present in the urban area of the Huetar Atlantica region of Costa Rica. Materials and Methods. The survey was car- ried out by the workers of the Ae. aegypti control program during September and October, 2008, simultaneously in six municipalities of the studied region. Results. A total of fourteen mosquito species were identified, the survey identified Ae. aegypti
Objective: To report the first finding of Aedes albopictus in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Co... more Objective: To report the first finding of Aedes albopictus in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Methods: Mosquito immature stages collected in the neighborhood La Carpio, District Uruca, San José, as part of an epidemiological intervention were diagnosed preliminarily as Ae. albopictus. This material was fixed in 70 % alcohol, cleared in lactophenol, and taxonomically evaluated using specialized dichotomous keys. Results: Larvae and pupae were collected from two types of breeding sites, a can and a bucket. The characteristics of the specimens allowed their taxonomic identification as Ae. albopictus. This is the first report of the presence of this vector in the Greater Metropolitan Area of Costa Rica. Discussion: The presence of Ae. albopictus in the Greater Metropolitan Area occurs as part of the expansion of this vector throughout the country. This presence should be investigated to determine its possible role in the transmission of dengue. On the other hand, the presen...
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