Papers by Roberto Kostlin
Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere, 2015
ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Eine Allgemeinanästhesie geht bekanntermaßen mit einer Vermin... more ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Eine Allgemeinanästhesie geht bekanntermaßen mit einer Verminderung der Tränenproduktion einher und auch nach Narkoseende werden nicht sofort wieder physiologische Werte erreicht. Folglich muss während dieser Zeit eine ausreichende Befeuchtung des Auges zum Schutz der Hornhaut gewährleistet werden. Hierzu stehen unterschiedliche Methoden zur Verfügung, wie das Zukleben der Augenlider oder die Applikation von Augensalben, -gelen oder -tropfen. Humanmedizinische Studien belegen, dass die verschiedenen Formulierungen in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung zu Irritationen am Auge führen können. Ziel dieser Studie war, die Tränenproduktionsmenge nach Allgemeinanästhesie bei der Katze und auftretende Augenirritationen hinsichtlich ihrer Pathogenese zu untersuchen. Material und Methoden: Bei 41 Katzen erfolgte nach Allgemeinanästhesie eine Messung der Tränenproduktion und die Augen wurden auf Irritationsanzeichen untersucht. Es kamen zwei unterschiedliche Narko...
Veterinary Ophthalmology, 2001
Objective The objective of the research was to determine whether preservation of corneal tissue o... more Objective The objective of the research was to determine whether preservation of corneal tissue of dogs and cats in Optisol ® GS (OGS, Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Irvine, CA, USA) is feasible for subsequent use in penetrating keratoplasty. Animals The study subjects were 33 dogs and 31 cats with no gross corneal pathology, which had been euthanised by pentobarbital overdose for reasons unrelated to this project. Procedure One cornea of each pair was evaluated immediately and the other was evaluated after storage in Optisol ® GS for either 5, 10, 15 or 20 days. The most important criterion was the preservation of the endothelial cell layer. Results Corneoscleral tissue of cats survived longer, when preserved in Optisol ® GS at 4 ° C, than that of dogs. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed good preservation of the endothelial cell layer for up to 10 days in dogs and up to 15 days in cats.
Tierärztliche Praxis, 1991
The results of a retrospective investigation of 25 cases of mandibular fractures in cattle are re... more The results of a retrospective investigation of 25 cases of mandibular fractures in cattle are reported; 19 animals were treated and 6 slaughtered without therapy. Five cases of unilateral fracture of the pars molaris healed with conservative therapy, whereas the same method of treatment was unsuccessful in four cases with compound fractures (2 x pars incisiva, 1 x diastema, 1 x pars molaris) and in one with multiple fractures of the corpus and ramus of the mandible. For animals with symphyseal fractures, surgical fixation using cerclage wire (three cases) proved successful, as did percutaneous fixation in six animals with fractures of the diastema or body of the mandible. The fractures healed well in 14 out of 19 treated cattle and the animals were retained, on average, for a further four years.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 1998
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 2006
Numerous investigations and reports have covered the potential negative effects of an excess of c... more Numerous investigations and reports have covered the potential negative effects of an excess of calcium (Ca) in the skeletal development of young dogs. However, it still remains unclear why not all puppies, particularly of larger breeds, develop clinical signs of skeletal disorders after an overexposure to Ca. This trial with the small Beagle breed and a larger Foxhound-crossbred dog (with an adult weight of around 35 kg) investigated the effects of Ca-excess on parameters of bone growth. The employed small breed is known for its chondrodystrophic predispositions, no such data are reported for the slender hound-type Foxhoundcrossbred dogs. The Ca-supply had no influence on weight development and general health of the dogs. The measurements of bone lengths and widths in X-rays of the forearm of Beagles and Foxhound-crossbred dogs at 6 weeks of age, and again after a period of overexposure to Ca at about 27 weeks of age, revealed a growth-reducing influence only in Beagles, without influence on clinical parameters of skeletal health.
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Dogs and Cats, 2012
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 2007
Recombinant feline interferon-omega (rFeIFN-omega) was tested as a treatment option for cats with... more Recombinant feline interferon-omega (rFeIFN-omega) was tested as a treatment option for cats with fibrosarcoma to assess safety and feasibility. Treatment with rFeIFN-omega in cats with fibrosarcoma is safe and feasible. Twenty domestic cats. In an open-labeled uncontrolled clinical trial 12 injections of 1 x 10(6) U/kg rFeIFN-omega were administered over a 5-week period: the 1st through 4th injections were given intratumorally, and the 5th through 12th injections were administered subcutaneously at the tumor excision site. Wide surgical excision of the tumors was carried out after the 4th injection and before the 5th injection of rFeIFN-omega. A Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) analysis was conducted. Flow cytometry of fibrosarcoma cells after incubation with rFeIFN-omega and recombinant feline interferon-gamma was performed to assess the biological effect of rFeIFN-omega. Changes in blood cell count, increases in serum aspartate-amino-transferase activity, serum bilirubin concentration, serum creatinine and serum electrolyte concentrations, weight loss, anorexia, increased body temperature, and reduced general condition were observed but were mostly minor (grade 1 and 2) and self limiting. Eosinophilia (P = .025), neutropenia (P = .021), and weight loss (P < .001) were statistically correlated with rFeIFN-omega-treatment (analysis of parameters before treatment and after 3 injections of rFeIFN-omega). Flow cytometry of 5 unrelated feline fibrosarcoma cell lines showed increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules (P = .026) in response to in vitro incubation with rFeIFN-omega, whereas expression of MHC class II molecules was not affected significantly. RFeIFN-omega for the treatment of feline fibrosarcoma is safe, well tolerated, and can be easily performed in practice. To assess the efficacy of the treatment, it should be tested in a placebo-controlled trial.
The Journal of Gene Medicine, 2008
Despite aggressive pre-or postoperative treatment, feline fibrosarcomas have high recurrence rate... more Despite aggressive pre-or postoperative treatment, feline fibrosarcomas have high recurrence rates. Immunostimulatory gene therapy is a promising approach in veterinary oncology. This phase I dose-escalation study was performed to determine toxicity and feasibility of gene therapy with feline granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (feGM-CSF) in cats with fibrosarcomas. Twenty cats were treated with plasmid coding for feGM-CSF attached to magnetic nanoparticles in doses of 50, 250, 750 and 1250 µg. Two preoperative intratumoral injections followed by magnetofection were given. Four control cats received only surgical treatment. Adverse events were recorded and correlated according to the veterinary cooperative oncology group toxicity scale. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to detect plasma feGM-CSF concentrations. No significant treatment related toxicity was observed. Preliminary recurrence results were encouraging as, on day 360, ten of 20 treated cats were recurrence-free. In conclusion, 1250 µg of feGM-CSF plasmid DNA applied by magnetofection is safe and feasible for phase II testing.
American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2006
To evaluate the effects of recombinant human interferon alpha-2b (rHuIFN-alpha2b) and recombinant... more To evaluate the effects of recombinant human interferon alpha-2b (rHuIFN-alpha2b) and recombinant feline interferon omega (rFeIFN-omega) on in vitro replication of feline herpesvirus (FHV)-1. Cultures of Crandell-Rees feline kidney (CRFK) cells. CRFK cells were treated with rFeIFN-omega or rHuIFN-alpha2b at concentrations ranging from 100 to 500,000 U/mL. Cultures were then inoculated with FHV-1. Constant concentrations of interferon products were maintained throughout the study. Reductions in the number and size of plaques were used as indicators of antiviral activity. Six plaque reduction assays were performed in duplicate. A 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to detect cytotoxic effects of interferon. A 1-way ANOVA and Dunnett test were used to determine significant differences. Treatment with rFeIFN-omega at various concentrations resulted in significant reductions in the number of plaques (100,000 U/mL, 54.7%; and 500,000 U/mL, 59.8%) and in plaque size (100,000 U/mL, 47.5%; 250,000 U/mL, 81.0%; and 500,000 U/mL; 70.5%). Treatment with various concentrations of rHuIFN-alpha2b resulted in a significant reduction in plaque size (100,000 U/mL, 56.0%; 250,000 U/mL, 75.7%; and 500,000 U/mL, 69.0%). None of the tested concentrations of interferon caused significant cellular toxicosis. At some of the higher concentrations, the antiviral effect of rFeIFN-omega was greater than the antiviral effect of rHuIFN-alpha2b. Reduction in plaque size appeared to be a good indicator of the antiviral activity of interferon against FHV-1.
Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, 1984
Veterinary Ophthalmology, 2016
Objective: To analyze the change in prevalence and incidence of hereditary eye diseases (HED) in ... more Objective: To analyze the change in prevalence and incidence of hereditary eye diseases (HED) in dachshunds due to breeding regulations based on biennial examinations performed by the German panel of veterinary ophthalmologists (DOK) from 1998 to 2011. Animals included: A total of 12,242 dachshunds examined by the DOK and pedigree data of 318,852 dachshunds provided by the German Dachshund Club (DTK). Procedures: The prevalence for congenital cataract (CC), distichiasis (DIST), hereditary cataract (HC), persistent pupillary membranes (PPMs), persistent hyperplastic tunica vasculosa lentis / persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHTVL/PHPV), progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), retinal dysplasia (RD) and findings such as fiberglass-like cataract (FGC) and prominent suture lines (PSLs) was analyzed. The significance (P), confidence interval (CI), odds ratio (OR), relative risk (RR) and inbreeding coefficients (F) were calculated and p<0.05 was considered significant. The incidence was evaluated based on affected dogs within birth cohorts from 1993 to 2006. Results: The prevalence of the conditions studied were: CC 0.5%, DIST 6.7%, HC 3.9%, PPMs 8.4%, PHTVL/PHPV 0.4%, PRA 1.5%, RD 0.2%, FGC 2.2% and PSL 1.5%. The incidence of PRA decreased significantly from 6.0% to 0.6% for dogs born from 1993 to 2006, while HC showed a decreasing trend from 8.7% to 3.1%. More males than females were diagnosed with HC and PRA. Dachshunds with HEDs had an F that was not significantly higher than that of healthy dachshunds. Conclusions: The decreasing incidence of PRA and HC in dachshunds supports the use of frequent HED examinations in combination with breeding control.
Veterinary Surgery, 2016
To describe the surgical treatment of a metacarpal deviation caused by an untreated Salter-Harris... more To describe the surgical treatment of a metacarpal deviation caused by an untreated Salter-Harris type I fracture in a heifer. Case report. 9-month-old German Fleckvieh heifer. A closing wedge osteotomy was performed to correct deviation of fused metacarpal III and IV. A triangular bone wedge was removed and the proximal and distal fragments of the bone were brought into apposition and stabilized with an 11-hole T-plate. A full-limb cast was applied postoperative. Radiographs were taken at 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperative. No postoperative complications occurred and the heifer was discharged from the clinic 51 days after surgery. Radiographs taken 6 months after discharge showed periosteal callus formation around the closing wedge osteotomy. At 24 months postoperative, implants were intact and the heifer was in good general condition. Closing wedge osteotomy was successfully performed in a heifer with a metacarpal deviation, correcting the malunion after a untreated Salter-Harris type I fracture. Radiographs showed evidence of osteotomy healing and the heifer had full use of the affected leg at 24 months postoperative.
Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, Jul 15, 2008
Sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) is a disease characterised by sudden and bi... more Sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) is a disease characterised by sudden and bilateral vision loss of dogs. Previous studies failed to identify the underlying cause [Mattson, A., Roberts, S.M., Isherwood, J.M.E., 1992. Clinical features suggesting hyperadrenocorticism associated with sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome in a dog. J. Am. Anim. Hosp. Assoc. 28, 199-202; Van der Woerdt, A., Nasisse, M.P., Davidson, M.G., 1991. Sudden acquired retinal degeneration in the dog: clinical and laboratory findings in 36 cases. Prog. Vet. Comp. Ophthamol. 1, 11-18] and earlier investigations about the occurrence of anti-retinal antibodies in SARDS patients showed inconsistent results.
Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere, 2015
ABSTRACT Objective: General anaesthesia significantly reduces tear production and normal values a... more ABSTRACT Objective: General anaesthesia significantly reduces tear production and normal values are not immediately re-established on ending anaesthesia. Therefore, adequate protection of the cornea has to be assured during the perianaesthetic period. There are various methods available, including taping of the eyelids and the application of eye ointments, gels and drops. In human medicine studies, different formulations were found to induce signs of ocular irritation. The aim of the present study was to determine tear production in cats after general anaesthesia, and to identify possible causes of irritation. Material and methods: Tear production was determined in 41 cats after general anaesthesia and eyes were examined for signs of irritation. Two different anaesthetic protocols were used. To protect the cornea, an ointment and gel were applied to the right and left eyes, respectively. Results: Postoperatively, tear production was significantly reduced for 6 hours and 18 hours in the right and left eyes, respectively. Two hours after anaesthesia, blepharospasm of the right eye was observed in 92.7% (n = 38) of the cats. In contrast, the left eye was always held open. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that tear production in cats is significantly decreased both during and after anaesthesia. The degree of reduction was independent of the anaesthetic protocol. Both the eye ointment and gel proved effective in protecting the corneal surface. However, eye gel use is recommended because the eye ointment consistently caused an irritation comparable to the foreign-body sensation reported in humans.
Veterinary Ophthalmology, 2002
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of topical 0.5% tropicamide on intraocular... more The objective of the study was to determine the effect of topical 0.5% tropicamide on intraocular pressure (IOP) in normotensive feline eyes. IOP was measured bilaterally in 70 clinically healthy cats and gonioscopy (and goniophotography) was performed. Thereafter, 50 cats were treated unilaterally with one drop of 0.5% tropicamide. The contralateral, left eye served as a control. In the placebo group consisting of 20 cats, one drop of physiologic saline solution was administered to the right eye. In all cats, IOP of both eyes was measured 30, 60 and 90 min after topical administration. After unilateral tropicamide application, IOP increased significantly both in the right and in the left eye. Maximum average IOP increase was observed at the control measurement performed 90 min after treatment, with an elevation of 3.8 +/- 4.2 mmHg in the right eye and 3.5 +/- 3.6 mmHg in the left eye. Maximum IOP increase after treatment was 18.0 mmHg in the treated eye and 17.0 mmHg in the left eye. Measurements made at 60 min after treatment revealed a significantly higher increase in IOP in the right eye as compared to the left eye (P60 &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.05), whereas the differences between right and left eye in IOP increase were not significant at 30 and 90 min after mydriatic application (P30 = 0.123; P90 = 0.305). Although tropicamide-induced mydriasis was observed in the treated eye, the contralateral eye did not show any changes in pupillary function at any time. With increasing age of the cats, IOP increase was found to be more moderate, whereas the gender of the cats did not have any significant influence on IOP changes. In the 20 cats in the placebo group, no significant changes in IOP were observed. We conclude that topical 0.5% tropicamide causes a significant elevation of IOP in the treated and untreated eye in normal cats.
Veterinary Ophthalmology, 2001
Objective The objective of the research was to determine whether preservation of corneal tissue o... more Objective The objective of the research was to determine whether preservation of corneal tissue of dogs and cats in Optisol ® GS (OGS, Bausch & Lomb Surgical, Irvine, CA, USA) is feasible for subsequent use in penetrating keratoplasty. Animals The study subjects were 33 dogs and 31 cats with no gross corneal pathology, which had been euthanised by pentobarbital overdose for reasons unrelated to this project. Procedure One cornea of each pair was evaluated immediately and the other was evaluated after storage in Optisol ® GS for either 5, 10, 15 or 20 days. The most important criterion was the preservation of the endothelial cell layer. Results Corneoscleral tissue of cats survived longer, when preserved in Optisol ® GS at 4 ° C, than that of dogs. Light and scanning electron microscopy revealed good preservation of the endothelial cell layer for up to 10 days in dogs and up to 15 days in cats.
Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 1998
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Papers by Roberto Kostlin