For good and valuable consideration, the Author hereby grants to the Licensee the perpetual, excl... more For good and valuable consideration, the Author hereby grants to the Licensee the perpetual, exclusive, world-wide, assignable, sublicensable and unlimited right to: publish, reproduce, copy, distribute, communicate, display publicly, sell, rent and/ or otherwise make available the article identified above, including any supplementary information and graphic elements therein (e.g. illustrations, charts, moving images) (the "Article") in any language, in any versions or editions in any and all forms and/or media of expression (including without limitation in connection with any and all end-user devices), whether now known or developed in the future. Without limitation, the above grant includes: (i) the right to edit, alter, adapt, adjust and prepare derivative works; (ii) all advertising and marketing rights including without limitation in relation to social media; (iii) rights for any training, educational and/or instructional purposes; (iv) the right to add and/or remove links or combinations with other media/works; and (v) the right to create, use and/or license and/or sublicense content data or metadata of any kind in relation to the Article (including abstracts and summaries) without restriction. The above rights are granted in relation to the Article as a whole or any part and with or in relation to any other works. Without limiting the rights granted above, Licensee is granted the rights to use the Article for the purposes of analysis, testing, and development of publishing-and research-related workflows, systems, products, projects, and services; to confidentially share the Article with select third parties to do the same; and to retain and store the Article and any associated correspondence/files/forms to maintain the historical record, and to facilitate research integrity investigations. The grant of rights set forth in this clause (b) is irrevocable.
The prosperity of industries is the primary task of rural revitalization. Nowadays, the developme... more The prosperity of industries is the primary task of rural revitalization. Nowadays, the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry has been included in the state's rural revitalization strategy, and the authentic herbal medicine industry in Huaihua City has ushered in new development opportunities. The quality of Chinese herbal medicine in Huaihua City is high, indicating a vast potential for industrial development. However, such problems are low brand influence and a weak industrial foundation. By adopting the methods of literature review and SWOT analysis, this paper sorts out the frontier research findings of industrial prosperity and the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry and analyzes the status of the Chinese herbal medicine industry in Huaihua City in Central China. It proposes countermeasures to enhance the brand building and promote industrial integration. The development model of Huaihua's characteristic herbal medicine industry explores a new path for rural revitalization and provides rural revitalization solutions for Central China.
Public Administration as a comprehensive subject is established based on the theories and methods... more Public Administration as a comprehensive subject is established based on the theories and methods of politics of law, economics, management and anthropology. It's a subject to study the public organization management and its processes and regular pattern. At the beginning of introducing the public management into China, the importance of anthropological theories and methods was neglected and abandoned in the discipline construction owing to some history reasons. This also caused the inevitable disconnection between knowledge and practice in the discipline construction of public management science. In this paper, we explained the connotation of public management and combed the evolution process of public management paradigm. It discusses how to integrate anthropological theories and methods into the practice of public management in China, and how to improve the public management from the anthropology's perspective, concepts and methods. All in all, we try to find a new path to solve practical problems in China and aim to establish a knowledge system of public management with Chinese characteristics .
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese government had organized a... more After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese government had organized a series of large-scale economic and social surveys in the minority regions to promote comprehensive social and economic development of ethnic minority regions which also built a solid foundation for the development of economic anthropology in China. It is in the late 1970s that the scholars formally started to localize the economic anthropology, marked by the research on the development of western regions in China and the recognition of minority economics as a formal subject in economics. During the process of localization, the Chinese economic anthropologists made a rational rethinking on the modernization process and claimed that the economic interests of minorities are relatively independent. They further refined and developed their views into a theory called "inter-phase operation" which is a significant contribution to the localization of economic anthropology and its theoretical development in China. In recent years economic anthropology has developed rapidly in both theory translation and empirical studies(Zhang 2015). The theories and methods of economic anthropology have made great contributions in the development studies in China, especially to the development studies for the minority areas during the course of Chi-na's economic development (Tian et al. 2015). Economic Anthropology studies various economic life and economic systems of the human society and their evolutions. It is a sub-discipline of anthropology, bridging anthropology and economics. It studies human economic behaviors but is not exactly the same as economics. Economic anthropology covers a wide range of topics, including descriptions of people's production , trade, distribution and consumption behaviors, and studies on how they are organized and operated. It also reshapes theories to reflect the context of the social system and the forces that affect economic operations (Tian et al. 2015). In other words, economic anthropology is a subject that studies human economic systems and behaviors based on anthropology and ethnography. It is an interdisciplinary subject based on the joint studies of two disciplines, that is economics and anthropology (Luo and Tian 2014; Tian and Zhou 2012; Xu 2010). Through fieldwork visits and ethnography, economic anthropologists attempt to explain the economic concepts using a unique discipline theory. In a broad sense, anthropologists aim to find the nature of social organizations from individuals to general public levels. Since the beginning of the 19 th century, economic anthropology has mainly provides a theoretical support for the economic expansion of western developed countries. It discusses the form existence of "primi-tive economics" to verify the principle that the world's economic order must serve to solidify the western industrial society. Of course, with the development of economic anthropology, its scope of application becomes wider and wider. So far, the scope of economic anthropological study has extended to all aspects of social and economic activities of human beings. There is a strong interest in the origination and evolution of economic anthropology, as the human society continues to progress and improve but not reaches its final perfect form (Hann and Hart 2011).
The theories and methods of economic anthropology have made great contributions in the developmen... more The theories and methods of economic anthropology have made great contributions in the development studies in China, especially to the development studies for the minority areas during the course of China's economic development. When one seriously studies Professor Yang's theory of interphase operations one can easily identify that the interphase operational development model is unique in terms of designing the best development policies in the Western China, where the minorities are concentrated. This paper probes and summarizes the path model of localizing economic anthropology with Chinese characteristics by examining Yang's interphase operating principle model from different perspectives.
After decades of exploration and development, the credit system has become the main trend of refo... more After decades of exploration and development, the credit system has become the main trend of reform in Chinese colleges. The credit system has brought some progress but also leads to some problems. The study takes Shantou University as an example, and the students in Shantou University as the objects to investigate the relationship between students and the relationship between teachers and students by using the business anthropology approach.
Qualitative research methods, which have long been considered normative by the anthropological an... more Qualitative research methods, which have long been considered normative by the anthropological and sociological community, have recently made a presence in business research. The present research is to buttress that growing body of evidence. The subject is the foodservice operation of a Chinese university. The qualitative research method is used, to analyze the data collected through participants' observation and in-dept h interviews. The present study briefly surveys traditional ethnographic methods used in the social sciences. Then it examines the penetration, or lack of penetration, of ethnographic methods into various fields of business administration research. The study describes the research into the foodservice operation of one Chinese University. The research discovered that foodservice quality had a greatly-perceived influence on the students' health, that foodservice quality affected the students' academics in one aspect, and that foodservice factors affected their satisfaction with their university dining experience. Finally, the study makes the case that ethnographic methods do i ndeed work effectively in the field of business study.
This research employed business anthropological methods (participant observation and in-depth int... more This research employed business anthropological methods (participant observation and in-depth interviews) in addition to a quantitative survey in order to investigate the quality of food service operations at a Chinese university. Food service quality's impacts on student satisfaction, student learning, and student health were explored. In addition, the research uncovered defects in food service operations, and suggestions were made for improvement. Finally, this paper recommended that food service quality should be included in the Chinese government's performance evaluation of universities, which would greatly encourage improvements of university food service.
Increased cooperation will produce big gains for the people of Central Asia and neighboring count... more Increased cooperation will produce big gains for the people of Central Asia and neighboring countries. Bringing down trade barriers, more efficient development and use of water and energy resources, and other forms of regional cooperation could result in doubling of per capita incomes over the next decade. The price of non-cooperation could also be large. Lost economic opportunities and difficult access to markets would mean poor employment prospects, and slow progress in reducing poverty. A heavy toll would also be extracted from the spread of disease, lack of joint preparedness against natural disasters and environmental destruction, as well as conflict and insecurity. Central Asia and neighboring countries are strategically located, rich in natural resources and at the crossroads of commerce between some of the most dynamic of the world's economies. New avenues for trade and access to world markets and knowledge are opening up, reenergizing the enterprise of Silk Road legend. Regional organizations have been created and are gaining in strength, reflecting the shared conviction that borders that divide are borders lacking a human face.
anthropologist can help business management to improve performance from product design to marketi... more anthropologist can help business management to improve performance from product design to marketing strategies, from organizational change to consumer behavior studies, from domestic to international business development.
A student evaluation of teaching effectiveness (SETE) is often the most influential information i... more A student evaluation of teaching effectiveness (SETE) is often the most influential information in promotion and tenure decision at colleges and universities focused on teaching. Unfortunately, this instrument often fails to capture the lecturer's ability to foster the creation of learning and to serve as a tool for improving instruction. In fact, it often serves as a disincentive to introducing rigour. This paper performs a qualitative (e.g. case studies) and quantitative (e.g. empirical research) literature review of student evaluations as a measure of teaching effectiveness. Problems are highlighted and suggestions offered to improve SETEs and to refocus teaching effectiveness on outcome-based academic standards.
Problem statement: Student retention becomes one of the most significant issues that administrato... more Problem statement: Student retention becomes one of the most significant issues that administrators of colleges and universities must deal with in today's highly competitive market. Approach: In fact retaining a student is fundamental to the ability of an institution to carry out its mission. A high rate of attrition is not only a fiscal problem for schools, but a symbolic failure of an institution to achieve its purpose. Results: There are many ways to keep students retain at the same college until graduation, some easier than people may think but great changes will have to be made in order for schools to complete these transformations. This study is a descriptive study about the factors that influence student retention rate at a higher educational institution. Conclusion/Recommendations: Based on the previous studies of the similar topic and a random sample survey, this study identifies the possible push and pull factors that promote student leave from a specific college and transfer to other colleges to continue their college studies, it probes the implementable solutions to help the college to maintain and increase the student retention rate.
For good and valuable consideration, the Author hereby grants to the Licensee the perpetual, excl... more For good and valuable consideration, the Author hereby grants to the Licensee the perpetual, exclusive, world-wide, assignable, sublicensable and unlimited right to: publish, reproduce, copy, distribute, communicate, display publicly, sell, rent and/ or otherwise make available the article identified above, including any supplementary information and graphic elements therein (e.g. illustrations, charts, moving images) (the "Article") in any language, in any versions or editions in any and all forms and/or media of expression (including without limitation in connection with any and all end-user devices), whether now known or developed in the future. Without limitation, the above grant includes: (i) the right to edit, alter, adapt, adjust and prepare derivative works; (ii) all advertising and marketing rights including without limitation in relation to social media; (iii) rights for any training, educational and/or instructional purposes; (iv) the right to add and/or remove links or combinations with other media/works; and (v) the right to create, use and/or license and/or sublicense content data or metadata of any kind in relation to the Article (including abstracts and summaries) without restriction. The above rights are granted in relation to the Article as a whole or any part and with or in relation to any other works. Without limiting the rights granted above, Licensee is granted the rights to use the Article for the purposes of analysis, testing, and development of publishing-and research-related workflows, systems, products, projects, and services; to confidentially share the Article with select third parties to do the same; and to retain and store the Article and any associated correspondence/files/forms to maintain the historical record, and to facilitate research integrity investigations. The grant of rights set forth in this clause (b) is irrevocable.
The prosperity of industries is the primary task of rural revitalization. Nowadays, the developme... more The prosperity of industries is the primary task of rural revitalization. Nowadays, the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry has been included in the state's rural revitalization strategy, and the authentic herbal medicine industry in Huaihua City has ushered in new development opportunities. The quality of Chinese herbal medicine in Huaihua City is high, indicating a vast potential for industrial development. However, such problems are low brand influence and a weak industrial foundation. By adopting the methods of literature review and SWOT analysis, this paper sorts out the frontier research findings of industrial prosperity and the development of the Chinese herbal medicine industry and analyzes the status of the Chinese herbal medicine industry in Huaihua City in Central China. It proposes countermeasures to enhance the brand building and promote industrial integration. The development model of Huaihua's characteristic herbal medicine industry explores a new path for rural revitalization and provides rural revitalization solutions for Central China.
Public Administration as a comprehensive subject is established based on the theories and methods... more Public Administration as a comprehensive subject is established based on the theories and methods of politics of law, economics, management and anthropology. It's a subject to study the public organization management and its processes and regular pattern. At the beginning of introducing the public management into China, the importance of anthropological theories and methods was neglected and abandoned in the discipline construction owing to some history reasons. This also caused the inevitable disconnection between knowledge and practice in the discipline construction of public management science. In this paper, we explained the connotation of public management and combed the evolution process of public management paradigm. It discusses how to integrate anthropological theories and methods into the practice of public management in China, and how to improve the public management from the anthropology's perspective, concepts and methods. All in all, we try to find a new path to solve practical problems in China and aim to establish a knowledge system of public management with Chinese characteristics .
After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese government had organized a... more After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the Chinese government had organized a series of large-scale economic and social surveys in the minority regions to promote comprehensive social and economic development of ethnic minority regions which also built a solid foundation for the development of economic anthropology in China. It is in the late 1970s that the scholars formally started to localize the economic anthropology, marked by the research on the development of western regions in China and the recognition of minority economics as a formal subject in economics. During the process of localization, the Chinese economic anthropologists made a rational rethinking on the modernization process and claimed that the economic interests of minorities are relatively independent. They further refined and developed their views into a theory called "inter-phase operation" which is a significant contribution to the localization of economic anthropology and its theoretical development in China. In recent years economic anthropology has developed rapidly in both theory translation and empirical studies(Zhang 2015). The theories and methods of economic anthropology have made great contributions in the development studies in China, especially to the development studies for the minority areas during the course of Chi-na's economic development (Tian et al. 2015). Economic Anthropology studies various economic life and economic systems of the human society and their evolutions. It is a sub-discipline of anthropology, bridging anthropology and economics. It studies human economic behaviors but is not exactly the same as economics. Economic anthropology covers a wide range of topics, including descriptions of people's production , trade, distribution and consumption behaviors, and studies on how they are organized and operated. It also reshapes theories to reflect the context of the social system and the forces that affect economic operations (Tian et al. 2015). In other words, economic anthropology is a subject that studies human economic systems and behaviors based on anthropology and ethnography. It is an interdisciplinary subject based on the joint studies of two disciplines, that is economics and anthropology (Luo and Tian 2014; Tian and Zhou 2012; Xu 2010). Through fieldwork visits and ethnography, economic anthropologists attempt to explain the economic concepts using a unique discipline theory. In a broad sense, anthropologists aim to find the nature of social organizations from individuals to general public levels. Since the beginning of the 19 th century, economic anthropology has mainly provides a theoretical support for the economic expansion of western developed countries. It discusses the form existence of "primi-tive economics" to verify the principle that the world's economic order must serve to solidify the western industrial society. Of course, with the development of economic anthropology, its scope of application becomes wider and wider. So far, the scope of economic anthropological study has extended to all aspects of social and economic activities of human beings. There is a strong interest in the origination and evolution of economic anthropology, as the human society continues to progress and improve but not reaches its final perfect form (Hann and Hart 2011).
The theories and methods of economic anthropology have made great contributions in the developmen... more The theories and methods of economic anthropology have made great contributions in the development studies in China, especially to the development studies for the minority areas during the course of China's economic development. When one seriously studies Professor Yang's theory of interphase operations one can easily identify that the interphase operational development model is unique in terms of designing the best development policies in the Western China, where the minorities are concentrated. This paper probes and summarizes the path model of localizing economic anthropology with Chinese characteristics by examining Yang's interphase operating principle model from different perspectives.
After decades of exploration and development, the credit system has become the main trend of refo... more After decades of exploration and development, the credit system has become the main trend of reform in Chinese colleges. The credit system has brought some progress but also leads to some problems. The study takes Shantou University as an example, and the students in Shantou University as the objects to investigate the relationship between students and the relationship between teachers and students by using the business anthropology approach.
Qualitative research methods, which have long been considered normative by the anthropological an... more Qualitative research methods, which have long been considered normative by the anthropological and sociological community, have recently made a presence in business research. The present research is to buttress that growing body of evidence. The subject is the foodservice operation of a Chinese university. The qualitative research method is used, to analyze the data collected through participants' observation and in-dept h interviews. The present study briefly surveys traditional ethnographic methods used in the social sciences. Then it examines the penetration, or lack of penetration, of ethnographic methods into various fields of business administration research. The study describes the research into the foodservice operation of one Chinese University. The research discovered that foodservice quality had a greatly-perceived influence on the students' health, that foodservice quality affected the students' academics in one aspect, and that foodservice factors affected their satisfaction with their university dining experience. Finally, the study makes the case that ethnographic methods do i ndeed work effectively in the field of business study.
This research employed business anthropological methods (participant observation and in-depth int... more This research employed business anthropological methods (participant observation and in-depth interviews) in addition to a quantitative survey in order to investigate the quality of food service operations at a Chinese university. Food service quality's impacts on student satisfaction, student learning, and student health were explored. In addition, the research uncovered defects in food service operations, and suggestions were made for improvement. Finally, this paper recommended that food service quality should be included in the Chinese government's performance evaluation of universities, which would greatly encourage improvements of university food service.
Increased cooperation will produce big gains for the people of Central Asia and neighboring count... more Increased cooperation will produce big gains for the people of Central Asia and neighboring countries. Bringing down trade barriers, more efficient development and use of water and energy resources, and other forms of regional cooperation could result in doubling of per capita incomes over the next decade. The price of non-cooperation could also be large. Lost economic opportunities and difficult access to markets would mean poor employment prospects, and slow progress in reducing poverty. A heavy toll would also be extracted from the spread of disease, lack of joint preparedness against natural disasters and environmental destruction, as well as conflict and insecurity. Central Asia and neighboring countries are strategically located, rich in natural resources and at the crossroads of commerce between some of the most dynamic of the world's economies. New avenues for trade and access to world markets and knowledge are opening up, reenergizing the enterprise of Silk Road legend. Regional organizations have been created and are gaining in strength, reflecting the shared conviction that borders that divide are borders lacking a human face.
anthropologist can help business management to improve performance from product design to marketi... more anthropologist can help business management to improve performance from product design to marketing strategies, from organizational change to consumer behavior studies, from domestic to international business development.
A student evaluation of teaching effectiveness (SETE) is often the most influential information i... more A student evaluation of teaching effectiveness (SETE) is often the most influential information in promotion and tenure decision at colleges and universities focused on teaching. Unfortunately, this instrument often fails to capture the lecturer's ability to foster the creation of learning and to serve as a tool for improving instruction. In fact, it often serves as a disincentive to introducing rigour. This paper performs a qualitative (e.g. case studies) and quantitative (e.g. empirical research) literature review of student evaluations as a measure of teaching effectiveness. Problems are highlighted and suggestions offered to improve SETEs and to refocus teaching effectiveness on outcome-based academic standards.
Problem statement: Student retention becomes one of the most significant issues that administrato... more Problem statement: Student retention becomes one of the most significant issues that administrators of colleges and universities must deal with in today's highly competitive market. Approach: In fact retaining a student is fundamental to the ability of an institution to carry out its mission. A high rate of attrition is not only a fiscal problem for schools, but a symbolic failure of an institution to achieve its purpose. Results: There are many ways to keep students retain at the same college until graduation, some easier than people may think but great changes will have to be made in order for schools to complete these transformations. This study is a descriptive study about the factors that influence student retention rate at a higher educational institution. Conclusion/Recommendations: Based on the previous studies of the similar topic and a random sample survey, this study identifies the possible push and pull factors that promote student leave from a specific college and transfer to other colleges to continue their college studies, it probes the implementable solutions to help the college to maintain and increase the student retention rate.
Modern China Series，North America Business Press, 2018
Those who underestimate the potentials of their rivals often suffer. As a result, Western econom... more Those who underestimate the potentials of their rivals often suffer. As a result, Western economic leaders need to consider the economic progress that China has made in the recent past and realistically project its future achievements. Currently, Chinese intellectuals and economic leaders envision continued growth and clout. In this book, some of these thoughts are discussed in order to provide clues regarding the contemporary Chinese mindset. By understanding the perspectives of Chinese leaders, those in the West will be better prepared to meet the future. In the early 19th century, the more “developed” and astute European countries regarded the United States as backward and dependent upon the old World. The people of Britain, who controlled a mighty and growing empire, acknowledged that America possessed great resources, but assumed that the wisdom and savvy of the Europeans overshadowed the New World and would continue to do so. In short, Americans were not taken seriously. Despite such European chauvinism, American intellectual Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote what has come down to us as “The American Scholar” (1837) which predicted that if America threw off the leadership of the Old World, it could rise above it. History proves that Emerson was correct and the late 19th and 20th centuries emerged as an era when the United States and North America assumed a dominant position in the world. Today, the New World seems to have become the new Old World because the United States embraces a paradigm of economics and economic growth that has dominated for many years. And like the 19th Europeans who Emerson rebutted, many Americans (and other Westerners) continue to think that their paradigm and dominance will continue far into the future. China, the oldest civilized region of the world, in contrast, has emerged as something of a “new world” because, like Emerson’s America, it is working to embrace its own essence and heritage and link them to viable economic strategies. In the last 25 years, China has made tremendous strides by doing so. The country and its people have every right to take pride in these accomplishments. With these successes under their belt, many Chinese leaders and intellectuals anticipate continued growth. Plans and strategies, furthermore, are often based upon this premise. The example of Ralph Waldo Emerson and America in the 19th century reminds us that underestimating others is unwise. As a result, taking China seriously is a wise strategy. The authors of this book examine the views of a representative sample of Chinese intellectuals. Such analysis does not imply total agreement; it is merely presented to help the reader to understand how many Chinese leaders perceive their options and how these opinions impact their behavior. The comments presented in the book reflect common views held by the overwhelming majority in China to alert non-Chinese people to what much Chinese think, as such they do not necessarily represent the authors’ views. Currently, China is facing a list of import tariffs levied by the U.S. Trump administration, agitated by the country's $375 billion trade surplus with the United States while in the side of service trade with China, US enjoys a very handsome surplus. In response, it has hinted at relaxing rules on some American imports and suggested dialogue rather than escalating a potential trade war. The gung-ho attitude of President Trump is that the U.S. would welcome trade wars with various (if not all) trading partners because for decades the U.S. has had the short end of the stick in all its international trade deals. Many would dispute this because the U.S. as the world’s largest economy has had more economic clout than any of its trading partners and can press for arrangements to suit. Mr. Trump, stable genius and business colossus, does not see it this way. In his opinion, any trade war will be resolved in U.S. favor and consequently, the U.S. economy will be the winner. This is a simplistic view by any measure as thought by most Chinese scholars. The World Trade Organization (WTO) does not share Mr. Trump’s view and has cautioned that a US-China trade war could have severe impacts on the global economy, beyond the two main protagonists. Current U.S. plans would see tariffs worth $50 billion applied to some Chinese imports with China set to retaliate against U.S. exports. The Chinese Premier Li Keqiang said at a press conference after the conclusion of the annual legislative session that there will be no winner in a trade war should it happen between China and the United States. The Chinese Deputy Commerce Minister Wang Shouwen held a press conference in the afternoon on April 4, 2018 to accuse the United States to impose tariffs on Chinese products as irrational practices and announced tariffs on $50 billion of U.S. goods equivalent for retaliation. The video gained over 20 million thumbs up on the Internet in just 2 days. The situation is unprecedented, and this is representing China's public opinion. On April 5, 2018 the U.S. threatened to expand its tariffs on Chinese imports to $150 billion, after a strong countermeasure for China. Subsequently, China's Ministry of Commerce, the Foreign Ministry and other departments quickly responded on April 6, 2008 saying that if the U.S. ignored the opposition of China and the international community but adhere to the practice of unilateralism and trade protectionism, the Chinese side will follow through as China is ready to respond to the further escalation of the U.S. side measures and has drawn up very specific countermeasures. In responding to the later threat from Mr. Trump to raise tariffs on $100 billion of Chinese imports, one of the leading newspapers in China, The Global Times, publishes an Editorial on April 6, 2018 entitled “Even if Sino-US Trade Goes to Zero, China Will not Retreat” indicating that the latest threat from Mr. Trump to raise tariffs on $100 billion of Chinese imports has been met by a faster and more determined response from China's ministry of commerce and foreign ministry. China's two ministries have said they want to "listen to what they say" to the U.S. government, which is a strategic defiance of the other's outburst and harsh words. At the same time, the two departments not only said they would "go to the bottom", but for the first time, they used the phrase "at any cost", which is extremely unusual. The editorial indicates that the Chinese are now assuming that Washington is apparently lack of capital to start a trade war with China, but also to uphold the tariff. We are sure that we have fully capable to let the U.S. in a trade war with China suffer the same loss and to let the U.S. pay its own economic and political costs, which cannot be so little. Consider the White House said the new $100 billion tariff plan China can retaliate in a very broad area, except for U.S. exports to China, its service exports, and its highly profitable investment in China are all in the line. The editorial claims that China and the United States have roughly equal trade strength, but the future is in China. A trade war would be painful for China's economy, but it would also push China's economy to a faster transition and create a "new China." While America's loss will be in the future, with many of the world's top companies slipping out of the first camp because of the loss of the Chinese market, and America's modern agriculture will be hit hard. After the full start of a trade war, China will never shrink back, and the strong will of the whole society to stand shoulder to shoulder with the government and share the difficulties will be completely unmatched by the U.S. side. Root cause is that the trade war is the provocation, China is on the just side, and we are safeguarding the rule of the multilateral trading system and based on the rules of our own rights. All Chinese know that the only choice we have is to try our best to deal with the U. S. and to learn from it......
Modern China Series，North American Business Press, 2019
Food is an important aspect of social culture and has a close relationship with economic developm... more Food is an important aspect of social culture and has a close relationship with economic development. The Chinese food culture has the characteristics of inheritability and development, and throughout the history of Chinese food culture, it has maintained its momentum of development since its primitive society. Neither the change of dynasty nor the change of social system has had a profound influence on it, and the philosophy of supplying enough food to people and food being the top priority was very popular. Eating was a top priority for people in China. Long ago, Confucius said that the desire for food and sex is part of human nature. As such, in the Chinese culture food became the priority. Because of the attention to diet, Chinese people would, when they had leisure time or abundant raw materials, work out a variety of food. Chinese cooking is flexible, which is characterized by saying that there is no fixed taste and what is delicious is valued. The beauty of food is one of the important roots of Chinese aesthetics, which inspires people with the stimulation of eating. Triggering art inspiration is the inevitable result of Chinese food culture pursuing complete and beautiful color, fragrance, taste, shape, and utensils. It makes food culture a comprehensive art containing multiple cultural connotations of diet, diet mentality, beautiful utensils and etiquette, food enjoyment and eating. Chinese foods have not only exquisite craftsmanship and rich nutrition, but also elegant and graceful names, which are literary and romantic, poetic and fancy. Food functions to not only satiate people’s hunger; it has also become an integral aspect of life enjoyment, which represents an essential component of food anthropology. Food anthropologists stress that changes in people’s eating habits not only depend on the local food culture, which may be specific to a given region, but also varies with economic development in different regions. Food anthropology, as a sub branch of applied anthropology, adapts anthropological theories and methods to study food industry, food culture, food consumption and food commerce. Seminal work in this regard has been provided by scholars and consultants in the field of food anthropology. This book describes the anthropological studies on Chinese foodways, outlines the Chinese food anthropology basic theories and methods. Anthropology in China is still at its development stage in China, while food anthropology is just at its initial stages of development. Nevertheless, China’s economic and social development, especially in ethnic minority regions in Western China, needs the theoretical guidance of some disciplines, including food anthropology, economic anthropology and business anthropology. At the same time, it has provided opportunities to develop food anthropology with the Chinese characteristics. Therefore, when Chinese scholars are learning and adopting Western food anthropology theories and methodologies, they must innovate and develop the related theories and methodologies with Chinese characteristics, so that they can better serve the well-off of the entire society.
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Papers by Robert Tian
In responding to the later threat from Mr. Trump to raise tariffs on $100 billion of Chinese imports, one of the leading newspapers in China, The Global Times, publishes an Editorial on April 6, 2018 entitled “Even if Sino-US Trade Goes to Zero, China Will not Retreat” indicating that the latest threat from Mr. Trump to raise tariffs on $100 billion of Chinese imports has been met by a faster and more determined response from China's ministry of commerce and foreign ministry. China's two ministries have said they want to "listen to what they say" to the U.S. government, which is a strategic defiance of the other's outburst and harsh words. At the same time, the two departments not only said they would "go to the bottom", but for the first time, they used the phrase "at any cost", which is extremely unusual. The editorial indicates that the Chinese are now assuming that Washington is apparently lack of capital to start a trade war with China, but also to uphold the tariff. We are sure that we have fully capable to let the U.S. in a trade war with China suffer the same loss and to let the U.S. pay its own economic and political costs, which cannot be so little. Consider the White House said the new $100 billion tariff plan China can retaliate in a very broad area, except for U.S. exports to China, its service exports, and its highly profitable investment in China are all in the line. The editorial claims that China and the United States have roughly equal trade strength, but the future is in China. A trade war would be painful for China's economy, but it would also push China's economy to a faster transition and create a "new China." While America's loss will be in the future, with many of the world's top companies slipping out of the first camp because of the loss of the Chinese market, and America's modern agriculture will be hit hard. After the full start of a trade war, China will never shrink back, and the strong will of the whole society to stand shoulder to shoulder with the government and share the difficulties will be completely unmatched by the U.S. side. Root cause is that the trade war is the provocation, China is on the just side, and we are safeguarding the rule of the multilateral trading system and based on the rules of our own rights. All Chinese know that the only choice we have is to try our best to deal with the U. S. and to learn from it......
The beauty of food is one of the important roots of Chinese aesthetics, which inspires people with the stimulation of eating. Triggering art inspiration is the inevitable result of Chinese food culture pursuing complete and beautiful color, fragrance, taste, shape, and utensils. It makes food culture a comprehensive art containing multiple cultural connotations of diet, diet mentality, beautiful utensils and etiquette, food enjoyment and eating. Chinese foods have not only exquisite craftsmanship and rich nutrition, but also elegant and graceful names, which are literary and romantic, poetic and fancy.
Food functions to not only satiate people’s hunger; it has also become an integral aspect of life enjoyment, which represents an essential component of food anthropology. Food anthropologists stress that changes in people’s eating habits not only depend on the local food culture, which may be specific to a given region, but also varies with economic development in different regions. Food anthropology, as a sub branch of applied anthropology, adapts anthropological theories and methods to study food industry, food culture, food consumption and food commerce. Seminal work in this regard has been provided by scholars and consultants in the field of food anthropology.
This book describes the anthropological studies on Chinese foodways, outlines the Chinese food anthropology basic theories and methods. Anthropology in China is still at its development stage in China, while food anthropology is just at its initial stages of development. Nevertheless, China’s economic and social development, especially in ethnic minority regions in Western China, needs the theoretical guidance of some disciplines, including food anthropology, economic anthropology and business anthropology. At the same time, it has provided opportunities to develop food anthropology with the Chinese characteristics. Therefore, when Chinese scholars are learning and adopting Western food anthropology theories and methodologies, they must innovate and develop the related theories and methodologies with Chinese characteristics, so that they can better serve the well-off of the entire society.