Pandemics are affecting tourism in many ways, and have had a major effect on international travel... more Pandemics are affecting tourism in many ways, and have had a major effect on international travel, the hospitality industry and tourism demand. Grounded in the protective action decision model and complexity theory, this study seeks to develop a model to explain the conditions that have led to travel avoidance in the UK in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To test our proposed model, we used a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of data gathered from 1,290 travelers, with semi-structured interviews conducted to confirm the configurations identified by the model. The findings indicate that effective pandemic information, effective risk communication, supplies, trust in government and trust in the media are necessary to combat travel avoidance, but the refutation of rumor and trust among traveler is not necessary to foster travel avoidance. Furthermore, qualitative follow-up interviews were conducted to obtain deeper insights into the discovered configurations and develop effective pathways to travel avoidance.
Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, Feb 6, 2023
To date, very little attention has been paid to the antecedents of the image of the destination i... more To date, very little attention has been paid to the antecedents of the image of the destination in a non-western context. This study employed the pull-extrinsic and push-intrinsic motivations theory to examine tourists' experiences as a potential moderating factor in the indirect relationship between extrinsic motives associated with the destination on one hand and tourists' intrinsic motives and the destination image on the other. Using Smart PLS and PROCESS macro, the analysis of data obtained from 613 tourists of different nationalities revealed that second-order extrinsic motives associated with the destination directly impact tourists' intrinsic motivations and the destination image. The findings also show that tourists' experiences decrease the direct link between extrinsic motives and the destination image for first-time visitors compared to repeat visitors. In contrast, it increases the direct link between tourists' intrinsic motives and the destination image for repeated visitors compared to first-time visitors. The study's results have important implications for destination marketing managers from a practical standpoint.
PurposeThis study's goal is to look at how visitors' experiences affect the indirect link... more PurposeThis study's goal is to look at how visitors' experiences affect the indirect links between the destination's extrinsic motivations (DEMs) and tourists' intrinsic motives (TIMs), on the one hand, and the perceived destination image (PDI), on the other.Design/methodology/approachUsing structural equation modeling, 613 tourists from different nationalities were used to test the five hypotheses.FindingsThe research results revealed that second-order destinations' extrinsic motivations directly impact TIM and PDI. It also showed that tourists' experiences as moderators reduce the direct effect of DEM on PDI for first-time visitors compared to repeat visitors. Moreover, it increases the direct effect of TIM on PDI for repeated visitors.Practical implicationsDestination managers can fix the problems that hurt their reputations and images by hiring police officers in tourist areas and cleaning tourist places. In the same way, destination managers and travel agencies should use AI tools to create social media marketing campaigns focusing on natural and historical monuments. Also, the marketing plans should stress the value for money (for example, lodging, food and attractions’ cost). Finally, destination marketers can make programs for repeat visitors, focusing on DEM and TIM.Originality/valueThis article tries to fill a gap in the research on PDI formation in emerging markets as a modern technique in destination marketing by using the push-intrinsic and pull-extrinsic theories. It also looks at how the tourists' experiences moderate the direct link between DEM, TIM and PDI. Lastly, this study examines how TIM affects a destination's image in emerging markets.
This study aims to investigate factors motivating travellers to continue knowledge sharing across... more This study aims to investigate factors motivating travellers to continue knowledge sharing across four countries and how these factors vary among answerers, lurkers, and askers. We utilised structural equation modelling to analyze the data gathered from a sample of 6,803 travelers in four countries. Findings indicated that the influence of subjective norm, reputation, shared language, satisfaction, and commitment on continuance of knowledge sharing was greater in developing economies compared with developed economies. The findings also indicated that shared language and reputation enhancement are positively related to attitude towards users behaviour to continue knowledge sharing for answerers, lurkers, and askers. Knowledge demand is positively related to attitude for only lurkers. Moreover, travellers are most apt to continue knowledge sharing regardless of their original intentions in emerging economies compared with developed markets. This study aids practitioners to carry out specific targeted measurements and develop new marketing strategies to meet the needs of each segment
International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 2018
Purpose This paper aims to explain institutional contradictions in the balanced scorecard (BSC) i... more Purpose This paper aims to explain institutional contradictions in the balanced scorecard (BSC) implementation process between organizations, which successfully implemented BSC. The purpose of this paper is to identify a comprehensive set of potential determinants influencing the successful implementation of BSC. Design/methodology/approach This study is an exploratory investigation into the BSC implementation based on a dialectical perspective. It uses the triangulation of data collection including interviews, documents and surveys. This also includes a comprehensive scrutiny of the relevant literature; a comprehensive analysis of case studies of BSC implementations in four organizations; and interviews and documents evidences that have already implemented or are in the process of implementing BSC. Findings The BSC was successfully implemented in the organizations, when the accounting systems introduced in these organization had already been institutionalized, that is, accepted and...
PurposeThis research aims to understand the determinants of consumers' behaviour and motivati... more PurposeThis research aims to understand the determinants of consumers' behaviour and motivations to buy taboo items online. Two theoretical lenses, theories of psychological reactance and system justification, are invoked to frame the role of online shopping in shaping consumer behaviour in taboo markets.Design/methodology/approachA naturalistic inquiry paradigm was used to test a sample of 34 Saudi women who were buying taboo products online.FindingsThe determinant of such behaviour is based on differences in understanding the ritual restrictions between people, their society and their country. The four principal attitudes towards restrictions are justifying, accepting, rejecting and reacting. These attitudes frame five motivations: satisfying the restriction, to be unique, but aligned with social norms; breaking social norms; aligning one's self-image to liberal societies; and joy in challenging legal restrictions. The motives for online shopping are justification/utilitar...
International Journal of Hospitality Management, Oct 1, 2015
A key contribution to the performance measurement literature was the introduction of the balanced... more A key contribution to the performance measurement literature was the introduction of the balanced scorecard (BSC) in 1992. However, despite its appealing rationale in capturing different aspects of performance and its wide and increasing use in a range of industries, there has been no rigorous psychometric development and testing of performance scales from the BSC perspective in the hospitality industry. In order to contribute to fill this gap, this study adopted a two-stage design seeking to develop and test a scale of organizational performance using the BSC in the hotel sector. In Stage 1, the authors generated and refined the scale items, recognizing unique characteristics of the hotel sector. In Stage 2, the scale has been assessed in terms of dimensionality, validity, and reliability. The findings suggest that managers do make a meaningful distinction between five aspects of hotel performance. Unexpected results, contributions, limitations, directions for future research, and managerial implications are all discussed.
The study of city image has become a subject of increasing interest to researchers and practition... more The study of city image has become a subject of increasing interest to researchers and practitioners. However, although many studies have found that success of an area's tourist development depends crucially on its image, most of studies concentrate on only a few destinations in the United States and the European Union, neglecting most emerging tourist destinations such as these in fuel-exporting countries. In order to fill this gap, this study adopted a two-stage design seeking to develop and test a scale of Perceived City Image (PCI) in a non-western context. In Stage 1, the authors; through a qualitative study, generated and refined the scale elements, recognizing unique characteristics of Al Ain. In Stage 2, the scale, through a quantitative study, has been assessed in terms of dimensionality, validity, and reliability. The overall results reflect appropriateness of the proposed constructs and provide an integrated perspective of PCI constructs in the Arab Middle East, where very little research can be found. Results, contributions, limitations, directions for future research, and managerial implications are all discussed.
Supplemental material, Supplementary_Material for Lithium exposure during pregnancy increases fet... more Supplemental material, Supplementary_Material for Lithium exposure during pregnancy increases fetal growth by Eline MP Poels, Karin Sterrenburg, André I Wierdsma, Richard Wesseloo, Annemerle Beerthuizen, Laura van Dijke, Condon Lau, Witte JG Hoogendijk, Hanan El Marroun, Inge L van Kamp, Hilmar H Bijma and Veerle Bergink in Journal of Psychopharmacology
This study examines the effect of consumers’ perceived credibility of information on SNS on their... more This study examines the effect of consumers’ perceived credibility of information on SNS on their attitude and intention to adopt this information in the Arab world. The study adopted a quantitative research approach using a survey questionnaire conducted among 317 individuals. Structural equation modelling was conducted. The results highlighted that there are positive direct effects of authority cues, expertise, trustworthiness, social identity and argument strength on perceived credibility. Although both authority cues and transparency have non-significant direct effects on perceived credibility, they have positive direct effects on attitude and indirect effects on intention via attitude. Finally, the positive impact of credibility on intention is mediated by attitude. This study contributes to the literature on the credibility of information on SNS and its effect on consumers’ intention to adopt it.
Supplemental material, Supplementary_material for Understanding Guests' Intention to Visit Gr... more Supplemental material, Supplementary_material for Understanding Guests' Intention to Visit Green Hotels by Riyad Eid, Gomaa Agag and Yasser Moustafa Shehawy in Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research
International Journal of Islamic Marketing and Branding, 2017
Although Muslims make up one of the largest tourist markets in the world, service quality of tour... more Although Muslims make up one of the largest tourist markets in the world, service quality of tourism and hospitality offerings oriented toward this market has not been clearly defined. By means of a multi-dimensional procedure, the authors have developed a scale for measuring Muslim service quality (MSQ) through 29 items classified into six dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and Shari'ah compliant facilities. The importance of the proposed constructs was theoretically discussed and justified. Using a sample of 345 Muslim tourists, the constructs are then tested and validated. This study provides new theoretical grounds for studying MSQ. It also supplies tourism and hospitality companies with a number of operative factors that may be essential if they are to remain competitive in the dynamic marketplace. It is probably the first to provide an integrative perspective of MSQ constructs in the tourism and hospitality industry.
Pandemics are affecting tourism in many ways, and have had a major effect on international travel... more Pandemics are affecting tourism in many ways, and have had a major effect on international travel, the hospitality industry and tourism demand. Grounded in the protective action decision model and complexity theory, this study seeks to develop a model to explain the conditions that have led to travel avoidance in the UK in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. To test our proposed model, we used a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis of data gathered from 1,290 travelers, with semi-structured interviews conducted to confirm the configurations identified by the model. The findings indicate that effective pandemic information, effective risk communication, supplies, trust in government and trust in the media are necessary to combat travel avoidance, but the refutation of rumor and trust among traveler is not necessary to foster travel avoidance. Furthermore, qualitative follow-up interviews were conducted to obtain deeper insights into the discovered configurations and develop effective pathways to travel avoidance.
Frontiers in artificial intelligence and applications, Feb 6, 2023
To date, very little attention has been paid to the antecedents of the image of the destination i... more To date, very little attention has been paid to the antecedents of the image of the destination in a non-western context. This study employed the pull-extrinsic and push-intrinsic motivations theory to examine tourists' experiences as a potential moderating factor in the indirect relationship between extrinsic motives associated with the destination on one hand and tourists' intrinsic motives and the destination image on the other. Using Smart PLS and PROCESS macro, the analysis of data obtained from 613 tourists of different nationalities revealed that second-order extrinsic motives associated with the destination directly impact tourists' intrinsic motivations and the destination image. The findings also show that tourists' experiences decrease the direct link between extrinsic motives and the destination image for first-time visitors compared to repeat visitors. In contrast, it increases the direct link between tourists' intrinsic motives and the destination image for repeated visitors compared to first-time visitors. The study's results have important implications for destination marketing managers from a practical standpoint.
PurposeThis study's goal is to look at how visitors' experiences affect the indirect link... more PurposeThis study's goal is to look at how visitors' experiences affect the indirect links between the destination's extrinsic motivations (DEMs) and tourists' intrinsic motives (TIMs), on the one hand, and the perceived destination image (PDI), on the other.Design/methodology/approachUsing structural equation modeling, 613 tourists from different nationalities were used to test the five hypotheses.FindingsThe research results revealed that second-order destinations' extrinsic motivations directly impact TIM and PDI. It also showed that tourists' experiences as moderators reduce the direct effect of DEM on PDI for first-time visitors compared to repeat visitors. Moreover, it increases the direct effect of TIM on PDI for repeated visitors.Practical implicationsDestination managers can fix the problems that hurt their reputations and images by hiring police officers in tourist areas and cleaning tourist places. In the same way, destination managers and travel agencies should use AI tools to create social media marketing campaigns focusing on natural and historical monuments. Also, the marketing plans should stress the value for money (for example, lodging, food and attractions’ cost). Finally, destination marketers can make programs for repeat visitors, focusing on DEM and TIM.Originality/valueThis article tries to fill a gap in the research on PDI formation in emerging markets as a modern technique in destination marketing by using the push-intrinsic and pull-extrinsic theories. It also looks at how the tourists' experiences moderate the direct link between DEM, TIM and PDI. Lastly, this study examines how TIM affects a destination's image in emerging markets.
This study aims to investigate factors motivating travellers to continue knowledge sharing across... more This study aims to investigate factors motivating travellers to continue knowledge sharing across four countries and how these factors vary among answerers, lurkers, and askers. We utilised structural equation modelling to analyze the data gathered from a sample of 6,803 travelers in four countries. Findings indicated that the influence of subjective norm, reputation, shared language, satisfaction, and commitment on continuance of knowledge sharing was greater in developing economies compared with developed economies. The findings also indicated that shared language and reputation enhancement are positively related to attitude towards users behaviour to continue knowledge sharing for answerers, lurkers, and askers. Knowledge demand is positively related to attitude for only lurkers. Moreover, travellers are most apt to continue knowledge sharing regardless of their original intentions in emerging economies compared with developed markets. This study aids practitioners to carry out specific targeted measurements and develop new marketing strategies to meet the needs of each segment
International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 2018
Purpose This paper aims to explain institutional contradictions in the balanced scorecard (BSC) i... more Purpose This paper aims to explain institutional contradictions in the balanced scorecard (BSC) implementation process between organizations, which successfully implemented BSC. The purpose of this paper is to identify a comprehensive set of potential determinants influencing the successful implementation of BSC. Design/methodology/approach This study is an exploratory investigation into the BSC implementation based on a dialectical perspective. It uses the triangulation of data collection including interviews, documents and surveys. This also includes a comprehensive scrutiny of the relevant literature; a comprehensive analysis of case studies of BSC implementations in four organizations; and interviews and documents evidences that have already implemented or are in the process of implementing BSC. Findings The BSC was successfully implemented in the organizations, when the accounting systems introduced in these organization had already been institutionalized, that is, accepted and...
PurposeThis research aims to understand the determinants of consumers' behaviour and motivati... more PurposeThis research aims to understand the determinants of consumers' behaviour and motivations to buy taboo items online. Two theoretical lenses, theories of psychological reactance and system justification, are invoked to frame the role of online shopping in shaping consumer behaviour in taboo markets.Design/methodology/approachA naturalistic inquiry paradigm was used to test a sample of 34 Saudi women who were buying taboo products online.FindingsThe determinant of such behaviour is based on differences in understanding the ritual restrictions between people, their society and their country. The four principal attitudes towards restrictions are justifying, accepting, rejecting and reacting. These attitudes frame five motivations: satisfying the restriction, to be unique, but aligned with social norms; breaking social norms; aligning one's self-image to liberal societies; and joy in challenging legal restrictions. The motives for online shopping are justification/utilitar...
International Journal of Hospitality Management, Oct 1, 2015
A key contribution to the performance measurement literature was the introduction of the balanced... more A key contribution to the performance measurement literature was the introduction of the balanced scorecard (BSC) in 1992. However, despite its appealing rationale in capturing different aspects of performance and its wide and increasing use in a range of industries, there has been no rigorous psychometric development and testing of performance scales from the BSC perspective in the hospitality industry. In order to contribute to fill this gap, this study adopted a two-stage design seeking to develop and test a scale of organizational performance using the BSC in the hotel sector. In Stage 1, the authors generated and refined the scale items, recognizing unique characteristics of the hotel sector. In Stage 2, the scale has been assessed in terms of dimensionality, validity, and reliability. The findings suggest that managers do make a meaningful distinction between five aspects of hotel performance. Unexpected results, contributions, limitations, directions for future research, and managerial implications are all discussed.
The study of city image has become a subject of increasing interest to researchers and practition... more The study of city image has become a subject of increasing interest to researchers and practitioners. However, although many studies have found that success of an area's tourist development depends crucially on its image, most of studies concentrate on only a few destinations in the United States and the European Union, neglecting most emerging tourist destinations such as these in fuel-exporting countries. In order to fill this gap, this study adopted a two-stage design seeking to develop and test a scale of Perceived City Image (PCI) in a non-western context. In Stage 1, the authors; through a qualitative study, generated and refined the scale elements, recognizing unique characteristics of Al Ain. In Stage 2, the scale, through a quantitative study, has been assessed in terms of dimensionality, validity, and reliability. The overall results reflect appropriateness of the proposed constructs and provide an integrated perspective of PCI constructs in the Arab Middle East, where very little research can be found. Results, contributions, limitations, directions for future research, and managerial implications are all discussed.
Supplemental material, Supplementary_Material for Lithium exposure during pregnancy increases fet... more Supplemental material, Supplementary_Material for Lithium exposure during pregnancy increases fetal growth by Eline MP Poels, Karin Sterrenburg, André I Wierdsma, Richard Wesseloo, Annemerle Beerthuizen, Laura van Dijke, Condon Lau, Witte JG Hoogendijk, Hanan El Marroun, Inge L van Kamp, Hilmar H Bijma and Veerle Bergink in Journal of Psychopharmacology
This study examines the effect of consumers’ perceived credibility of information on SNS on their... more This study examines the effect of consumers’ perceived credibility of information on SNS on their attitude and intention to adopt this information in the Arab world. The study adopted a quantitative research approach using a survey questionnaire conducted among 317 individuals. Structural equation modelling was conducted. The results highlighted that there are positive direct effects of authority cues, expertise, trustworthiness, social identity and argument strength on perceived credibility. Although both authority cues and transparency have non-significant direct effects on perceived credibility, they have positive direct effects on attitude and indirect effects on intention via attitude. Finally, the positive impact of credibility on intention is mediated by attitude. This study contributes to the literature on the credibility of information on SNS and its effect on consumers’ intention to adopt it.
Supplemental material, Supplementary_material for Understanding Guests' Intention to Visit Gr... more Supplemental material, Supplementary_material for Understanding Guests' Intention to Visit Green Hotels by Riyad Eid, Gomaa Agag and Yasser Moustafa Shehawy in Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research
International Journal of Islamic Marketing and Branding, 2017
Although Muslims make up one of the largest tourist markets in the world, service quality of tour... more Although Muslims make up one of the largest tourist markets in the world, service quality of tourism and hospitality offerings oriented toward this market has not been clearly defined. By means of a multi-dimensional procedure, the authors have developed a scale for measuring Muslim service quality (MSQ) through 29 items classified into six dimensions: tangibility, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy and Shari'ah compliant facilities. The importance of the proposed constructs was theoretically discussed and justified. Using a sample of 345 Muslim tourists, the constructs are then tested and validated. This study provides new theoretical grounds for studying MSQ. It also supplies tourism and hospitality companies with a number of operative factors that may be essential if they are to remain competitive in the dynamic marketplace. It is probably the first to provide an integrative perspective of MSQ constructs in the tourism and hospitality industry.
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Papers by Riyad Eid