Textile dyeing industries are one of the major culprits for environmental pollution. The industri... more Textile dyeing industries are one of the major culprits for environmental pollution. The industries are adopting various processes for the removal of dyes and chemicals from the effluent before disposing to the land or water bodies. In the reported study, biochars were prepared from almond, coconut, and mustard oil cakes by chemical activation with phosphoric acid followed by low temperature pyrolysis. The ball milling technique was employed to reduce the particle size of the biochars below 300 nm. The synthesized biochars were used for the removal of color from the acid dye effluent from the wool dyeing unit. The results showed that very small quantities (2.0 %) of biochars are sufficient to remove around 92% color from the dye effluent. The batch adsorption and kinetic studies indicate the highest efficiency of color removal for the biochar derived from almond oil cake, followed by mustard and coconut. The adsorption properties of the synthesized biochars were found to be greatly ...
Textile dyeing industries are one of the major culprits for environmental pollution. The industri... more Textile dyeing industries are one of the major culprits for environmental pollution. The industries are adopting various processes for the removal of dyes and chemicals from the effluent before disposing to the land or water bodies. In the reported study, biochars were prepared from almond, coconut, and mustard oil cakes by chemical activation with phosphoric acid followed by low temperature pyrolysis. The ball milling technique was employed to reduce the particle size of the biochars below 300 nm. The synthesized biochars were used for the removal of color from the acid dye effluent from the wool dyeing unit. The results showed that very small quantities (2.0 %) of biochars are sufficient to remove around 92% color from the dye effluent. The batch adsorption and kinetic studies indicate the highest efficiency of color removal for the biochar derived from almond oil cake, followed by mustard and coconut. The adsorption properties of the synthesized biochars were found to be greatly depending on the type of oil cake used. It is concluded that the biochars produced from the oil cakes may be a partial replacement of petroleum based activated carbon for the color removal from wool textile dye effluent.
The present research study was conducted in Kayad village of Ajmer district of Rajasthan in the y... more The present research study was conducted in Kayad village of Ajmer district of Rajasthan in the year 2013. This research article focused on the traditional marriage customs in kayad village and discusses various types of marriages, attitudes, perception about marriage in Rajasthan. Data were collected by personal interview and group discussions from each family of both Hindu and Muslims cast residing in the village and have different marriage rules, regulation and customs on the basis of their religion. In the study, observed a change in the stereotype thoughts of people that they prefer education instead of proposing early marriage for girls and now priorities of both bridegrooms and brides are getting shared and people are favour for intellectual and emotional relationships rather than lifetime compromises of marriage in kayad village.
Cotton is a cellulosic fibre obtained from plants and wool is also fibre which obtained from anim... more Cotton is a cellulosic fibre obtained from plants and wool is also fibre which obtained from animal hair. A diversified product refers to the produce the large variety of manufactured products from raw material such as waste cotton rags and wool fibres. Cotton and wool waste is worthless and also pollutes the environment. Waste cotton rags and wool fibres can use in developing diversified products. The diversified products made by waste cotton and wool are decorative and functional in nature. Decorative products include photo frame, greeting cards, flower pots, lamp lighting, flowers, mask, wall hanging, while functional articles includes book holder, guest book, tea coaster, pen holder etc.present study mainly focused on the pre consumer waste, post-consumer waste, waste clothes management, how to develop the different diversified products by using waste cotton and wool pieces, benefits of these products to consumers and environment.The present study is more relevant and beneficial because nowadays cotton industry discharges different types of waste across the state and country which can be manage by developing decorative and functional diversified products in econ friendly manner. Present study suggests an innovative way of waste clothes management which helps in converting the waste material into different useful and decorative products using waste cotton rags and wool fibres.
Cotton fibre is a natural seed hair fibre. Discarded textiles and clothing are in strong demand f... more Cotton fibre is a natural seed hair fibre. Discarded textiles and clothing are in strong demand from markets for reuse and recycling across the world. From these raw mixed rags, a new product can be created. Present study was carried out in three stages. The first stage included to design and develops diversified products from cotton rags and waste papers, second stage was to study the consumer acceptability and third stage was to find out market potential of developed products. The study was carried out in Udaipur City. Background information was collected from 30 house wives and 30 market personnel. Then the preference of respondents regarding diversified products from cotton rags and waste papers was taken. Total 13 products were developed, these were basket, photo frame. Flower pot, pen stand, dipak, tray, quotation holder, ash tray, bowl, tea coaster, wall hanging, paper weight and bandharwall using cotton rags and waste papers. In second stage the assessment of consumer acceptability and market potential of developed diversified products was made by 30 sample house wife and 30 sample market personnel's. A 5 point rating scale performa was administered on 60 respondents for this purpose. Finding of the study revealed that developed products were highly appreciated by all the respondents. Of the products the most preferred was flower pot with first rank followed by basket photo frame. Rest products also got good scores. Acceptance percentage of all products ranged between 62 per cent to more than 80 per cent. Cost of all products ranged between Rs. 20 to Rs. 70.
Textile dyeing industries are one of the major culprits for environmental pollution. The industri... more Textile dyeing industries are one of the major culprits for environmental pollution. The industries are adopting various processes for the removal of dyes and chemicals from the effluent before disposing to the land or water bodies. In the reported study, biochars were prepared from almond, coconut, and mustard oil cakes by chemical activation with phosphoric acid followed by low temperature pyrolysis. The ball milling technique was employed to reduce the particle size of the biochars below 300 nm. The synthesized biochars were used for the removal of color from the acid dye effluent from the wool dyeing unit. The results showed that very small quantities (2.0 %) of biochars are sufficient to remove around 92% color from the dye effluent. The batch adsorption and kinetic studies indicate the highest efficiency of color removal for the biochar derived from almond oil cake, followed by mustard and coconut. The adsorption properties of the synthesized biochars were found to be greatly ...
Textile dyeing industries are one of the major culprits for environmental pollution. The industri... more Textile dyeing industries are one of the major culprits for environmental pollution. The industries are adopting various processes for the removal of dyes and chemicals from the effluent before disposing to the land or water bodies. In the reported study, biochars were prepared from almond, coconut, and mustard oil cakes by chemical activation with phosphoric acid followed by low temperature pyrolysis. The ball milling technique was employed to reduce the particle size of the biochars below 300 nm. The synthesized biochars were used for the removal of color from the acid dye effluent from the wool dyeing unit. The results showed that very small quantities (2.0 %) of biochars are sufficient to remove around 92% color from the dye effluent. The batch adsorption and kinetic studies indicate the highest efficiency of color removal for the biochar derived from almond oil cake, followed by mustard and coconut. The adsorption properties of the synthesized biochars were found to be greatly depending on the type of oil cake used. It is concluded that the biochars produced from the oil cakes may be a partial replacement of petroleum based activated carbon for the color removal from wool textile dye effluent.
The present research study was conducted in Kayad village of Ajmer district of Rajasthan in the y... more The present research study was conducted in Kayad village of Ajmer district of Rajasthan in the year 2013. This research article focused on the traditional marriage customs in kayad village and discusses various types of marriages, attitudes, perception about marriage in Rajasthan. Data were collected by personal interview and group discussions from each family of both Hindu and Muslims cast residing in the village and have different marriage rules, regulation and customs on the basis of their religion. In the study, observed a change in the stereotype thoughts of people that they prefer education instead of proposing early marriage for girls and now priorities of both bridegrooms and brides are getting shared and people are favour for intellectual and emotional relationships rather than lifetime compromises of marriage in kayad village.
Cotton is a cellulosic fibre obtained from plants and wool is also fibre which obtained from anim... more Cotton is a cellulosic fibre obtained from plants and wool is also fibre which obtained from animal hair. A diversified product refers to the produce the large variety of manufactured products from raw material such as waste cotton rags and wool fibres. Cotton and wool waste is worthless and also pollutes the environment. Waste cotton rags and wool fibres can use in developing diversified products. The diversified products made by waste cotton and wool are decorative and functional in nature. Decorative products include photo frame, greeting cards, flower pots, lamp lighting, flowers, mask, wall hanging, while functional articles includes book holder, guest book, tea coaster, pen holder etc.present study mainly focused on the pre consumer waste, post-consumer waste, waste clothes management, how to develop the different diversified products by using waste cotton and wool pieces, benefits of these products to consumers and environment.The present study is more relevant and beneficial because nowadays cotton industry discharges different types of waste across the state and country which can be manage by developing decorative and functional diversified products in econ friendly manner. Present study suggests an innovative way of waste clothes management which helps in converting the waste material into different useful and decorative products using waste cotton rags and wool fibres.
Cotton fibre is a natural seed hair fibre. Discarded textiles and clothing are in strong demand f... more Cotton fibre is a natural seed hair fibre. Discarded textiles and clothing are in strong demand from markets for reuse and recycling across the world. From these raw mixed rags, a new product can be created. Present study was carried out in three stages. The first stage included to design and develops diversified products from cotton rags and waste papers, second stage was to study the consumer acceptability and third stage was to find out market potential of developed products. The study was carried out in Udaipur City. Background information was collected from 30 house wives and 30 market personnel. Then the preference of respondents regarding diversified products from cotton rags and waste papers was taken. Total 13 products were developed, these were basket, photo frame. Flower pot, pen stand, dipak, tray, quotation holder, ash tray, bowl, tea coaster, wall hanging, paper weight and bandharwall using cotton rags and waste papers. In second stage the assessment of consumer acceptability and market potential of developed diversified products was made by 30 sample house wife and 30 sample market personnel's. A 5 point rating scale performa was administered on 60 respondents for this purpose. Finding of the study revealed that developed products were highly appreciated by all the respondents. Of the products the most preferred was flower pot with first rank followed by basket photo frame. Rest products also got good scores. Acceptance percentage of all products ranged between 62 per cent to more than 80 per cent. Cost of all products ranged between Rs. 20 to Rs. 70.
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