This review covers the removal of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) using aeration system for groundwa... more This review covers the removal of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) using aeration system for groundwater. The review focuses on the aeration systems that used by the previous researchers on the system in removing iron and manganese. The important aspects that will be discussed in this paper are the strength and the weaknesses that had been implemented and the success of systems, in the critical review. There are many systems that been used either using the oxidation or filtration. The suitability of the method is depending to study area, soil type and water characteristic. All the systems worked as a tool to remove the iron and manganese, the differences between the systems in removing this metal will 100 % or less than 100 % removal. In this review, the weaknesses between all the removal systems that would be done will be discuss, to improve other study about this system and the suggestion from the researcher also take as an idea to execute a research in this area. The comparation betw...
The cascade container is also used as an effective method, low cost for treating groundwater. In ... more The cascade container is also used as an effective method, low cost for treating groundwater. In this study, the Boltzmann Lattice Method (LBM) is used to investigate ventilation processes in the newly designed cascade aerator model. For new cascade containers, different dimensions have been used to determine the best designs that can reduce the concentration of iron and manganese. Two LBM simulations, and two sets of experiments were performed, and the velocity and pressure velocities were calculated. Based on the findings, it is shown that LBM’s initial data, and experimental data corresponds to each other in terms of velocity distribution. In addition, it is also found that water velocity has a significant effect on the effectiveness of ventilation. The cavitation destroys the overflow structure of the surge, and the oxidation process reduces iron and manganese in water by increasing dissolved oxygen. The dissolved oxygen concentration increased from 0.8 to 1.4 mg/L for Model A, ...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
The quality of groundwater at Rumah Nur Kasih consist high concentration of iron (6.12 mg/L) and ... more The quality of groundwater at Rumah Nur Kasih consist high concentration of iron (6.12 mg/L) and manganese (0.56 mg/L). The groundwater only used for external usage such as cleaning purposes. In order to reduce iron and manganese, it is proposed cascade aerator system for oxidation process. The oxidation process can reduce iron and manganese in water by increasing the dissolved oxygen. Cascade aerator is greatly influenced by the flow rate along the step and the dimension of the cascade aerator. In this study, two lab scale cascade aerators with different in height of cascade were used to find the highest removal of iron and manganese. It was found out that the optimum flowrate for both cascade aerator was 22 ml/s. Model B with higher in height has higher dissolved oxygen and removal efficiency. The removal of iron and manganese for model B are 45.2% and 21.68% respectively. The removal of iron and manganese for model A are 39.95% and 12.09% respectively.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
The quality of groundwater at Rumah Nur Kasih consist high concentration of iron (6.12 mg/L) and ... more The quality of groundwater at Rumah Nur Kasih consist high concentration of iron (6.12 mg/L) and manganese (0.56 mg/L). The groundwater only used for external usage such as cleaning purposes. In order to reduce iron and manganese, it is proposed cascade aerator system for oxidation process and horizontal roughing filter using limestone as the media for further removal. The oxidation process can reduce iron and manganese in water by increasing the dissolved oxygen. Meanwhile, the filtration by various size of the limestone can help to reduce the concentration of heavy metals as these limestones able to adsorp heavy metals into theirs surface. In this study, two lab scale cascade aerators with different in height of cascade were used to find the highest removal of iron and manganese. It was found out that the optimum flowrate for both cascade aerator was 22mL/s. Model B with higher in height has higher dissolved oxygen and aeration efficiency. The highest removal of iron and manganese...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
This paper investigates the three-dimensional (3D) simulation of Cascade aerator system using Lat... more This paper investigates the three-dimensional (3D) simulation of Cascade aerator system using Lattice Boltzmann simulation and laboratory experiment was carried out to investigate the flow, aeration and cavitation in the spillway. Different configurations of stepped spillway are designed in this project in order to investigate the relationship between the configurations of stepped spillway and cavitation in the flow. The aeration in the stepped spillway will also be investigated. The experimental result will be compared with the simulated result at the end of this project. The figure of flow pattern at the 3rd step in simulation and experiment for Set 1 and Set 2 are look similar between LBM simulation and the experiment findings. This will provide a better understanding of the cavitation, aeration and flow in different configurations of the stepped spillway. In addition the occurrence of negative pressure region in the stepped spillway, increases the possibility of cavitation to occur. The cavitation will damage the structure of the stepped spillway. Furthermore, it also founds that increasing in barrier thickness of the stepped spillway will improve the aeration efficiency and reduce the cavitation in stepped spillway.
Combination between oxidation and filtration can be used for removing iron and manganese from gro... more Combination between oxidation and filtration can be used for removing iron and manganese from groundwater especially when the concentrations of these metals were high. This study focused on the effectiveness of the cascade aerator and the size of the limestone filter media to remove iron and manganese from groundwater. Water samples used for this study were collected from orphanage home, Rumah Nur Kasih, Taiping. Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) has provided a tube well of 15 m depth and 150 mm diameter for the orphanage home. However, the water cannot be used for domestic consumption due to high amount of iron and manganese at 6.48 and 1.9 mg/L which exceeded the drinking water standard of 0.3 and 0.1 mg/L respectively. Using laboratory physical model, the study has shown that the removals of iron and manganese have reduce the concentration until 0.17 and 0.2 mg/L respectively. Thus, the results from this study which utilize cascade aerator and limestone roughing filter could be implemented on site for the community to use the ground water for domestic purposes.
This review covers the removal of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) using aeration system for groundwa... more This review covers the removal of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) using aeration system for groundwater. The review focuses on the aeration systems that used by the previous researchers on the system in removing iron and manganese. The important aspects that will be discussed in this paper are the strength and the weaknesses that had been implemented and the success of systems, in the critical review. There are many systems that been used either using the oxidation or filtration. The suitability of the method is depending to study area, soil type and water characteristic. All the systems worked as a tool to remove the iron and manganese, the differences between the systems in removing this metal will 100% or less than 100% removal. In this review, the weaknesses between all the removal systems that would be done will be discuss, to improve other study about this system and the suggestion from the researcher also take as an idea to execute a research in this area. The comparation betwee...
In groundwater treatment, many techniques have been investigated, including the cascade aerator s... more In groundwater treatment, many techniques have been investigated, including the cascade aerator system, which is a technique to eliminate heavy metals such as iron and manganese. The cascade aerator is also used as an effective, low-cost method to treat groundwater. In this study, the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) was used to investigate the aeration process in a newly-designed cascade aerator model. For this new cascade aerator, different dimensions were used to determine the best design that could reduce the concentration of iron and manganese. Two sets of LBM simulations, and two sets of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments were carried out, and the velocity of the flow were calculated. Based on the findings, it was shown that the LBM simulations, and PIV data were in good agreement with each other in terms of velocity distribution. In addition, it was also found that water velocity had a significant influence on aeration efficiency. Cavitation damaged the overflow struc...
This review covers the removal of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) using aeration system for groundwa... more This review covers the removal of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) using aeration system for groundwater. The review focuses on the aeration systems that used by the previous researchers on the system in removing iron and manganese. The important aspects that will be discussed in this paper are the strength and the weaknesses that had been implemented and the success of systems, in the critical review. There are many systems that been used either using the oxidation or filtration. The suitability of the method is depending to study area, soil type and water characteristic. All the systems worked as a tool to remove the iron and manganese, the differences between the systems in removing this metal will 100 % or less than 100 % removal. In this review, the weaknesses between all the removal systems that would be done will be discuss, to improve other study about this system and the suggestion from the researcher also take as an idea to execute a research in this area. The comparation betw...
The cascade container is also used as an effective method, low cost for treating groundwater. In ... more The cascade container is also used as an effective method, low cost for treating groundwater. In this study, the Boltzmann Lattice Method (LBM) is used to investigate ventilation processes in the newly designed cascade aerator model. For new cascade containers, different dimensions have been used to determine the best designs that can reduce the concentration of iron and manganese. Two LBM simulations, and two sets of experiments were performed, and the velocity and pressure velocities were calculated. Based on the findings, it is shown that LBM’s initial data, and experimental data corresponds to each other in terms of velocity distribution. In addition, it is also found that water velocity has a significant effect on the effectiveness of ventilation. The cavitation destroys the overflow structure of the surge, and the oxidation process reduces iron and manganese in water by increasing dissolved oxygen. The dissolved oxygen concentration increased from 0.8 to 1.4 mg/L for Model A, ...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
The quality of groundwater at Rumah Nur Kasih consist high concentration of iron (6.12 mg/L) and ... more The quality of groundwater at Rumah Nur Kasih consist high concentration of iron (6.12 mg/L) and manganese (0.56 mg/L). The groundwater only used for external usage such as cleaning purposes. In order to reduce iron and manganese, it is proposed cascade aerator system for oxidation process. The oxidation process can reduce iron and manganese in water by increasing the dissolved oxygen. Cascade aerator is greatly influenced by the flow rate along the step and the dimension of the cascade aerator. In this study, two lab scale cascade aerators with different in height of cascade were used to find the highest removal of iron and manganese. It was found out that the optimum flowrate for both cascade aerator was 22 ml/s. Model B with higher in height has higher dissolved oxygen and removal efficiency. The removal of iron and manganese for model B are 45.2% and 21.68% respectively. The removal of iron and manganese for model A are 39.95% and 12.09% respectively.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2020
The quality of groundwater at Rumah Nur Kasih consist high concentration of iron (6.12 mg/L) and ... more The quality of groundwater at Rumah Nur Kasih consist high concentration of iron (6.12 mg/L) and manganese (0.56 mg/L). The groundwater only used for external usage such as cleaning purposes. In order to reduce iron and manganese, it is proposed cascade aerator system for oxidation process and horizontal roughing filter using limestone as the media for further removal. The oxidation process can reduce iron and manganese in water by increasing the dissolved oxygen. Meanwhile, the filtration by various size of the limestone can help to reduce the concentration of heavy metals as these limestones able to adsorp heavy metals into theirs surface. In this study, two lab scale cascade aerators with different in height of cascade were used to find the highest removal of iron and manganese. It was found out that the optimum flowrate for both cascade aerator was 22mL/s. Model B with higher in height has higher dissolved oxygen and aeration efficiency. The highest removal of iron and manganese...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2017
This paper investigates the three-dimensional (3D) simulation of Cascade aerator system using Lat... more This paper investigates the three-dimensional (3D) simulation of Cascade aerator system using Lattice Boltzmann simulation and laboratory experiment was carried out to investigate the flow, aeration and cavitation in the spillway. Different configurations of stepped spillway are designed in this project in order to investigate the relationship between the configurations of stepped spillway and cavitation in the flow. The aeration in the stepped spillway will also be investigated. The experimental result will be compared with the simulated result at the end of this project. The figure of flow pattern at the 3rd step in simulation and experiment for Set 1 and Set 2 are look similar between LBM simulation and the experiment findings. This will provide a better understanding of the cavitation, aeration and flow in different configurations of the stepped spillway. In addition the occurrence of negative pressure region in the stepped spillway, increases the possibility of cavitation to occur. The cavitation will damage the structure of the stepped spillway. Furthermore, it also founds that increasing in barrier thickness of the stepped spillway will improve the aeration efficiency and reduce the cavitation in stepped spillway.
Combination between oxidation and filtration can be used for removing iron and manganese from gro... more Combination between oxidation and filtration can be used for removing iron and manganese from groundwater especially when the concentrations of these metals were high. This study focused on the effectiveness of the cascade aerator and the size of the limestone filter media to remove iron and manganese from groundwater. Water samples used for this study were collected from orphanage home, Rumah Nur Kasih, Taiping. Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) has provided a tube well of 15 m depth and 150 mm diameter for the orphanage home. However, the water cannot be used for domestic consumption due to high amount of iron and manganese at 6.48 and 1.9 mg/L which exceeded the drinking water standard of 0.3 and 0.1 mg/L respectively. Using laboratory physical model, the study has shown that the removals of iron and manganese have reduce the concentration until 0.17 and 0.2 mg/L respectively. Thus, the results from this study which utilize cascade aerator and limestone roughing filter could be implemented on site for the community to use the ground water for domestic purposes.
This review covers the removal of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) using aeration system for groundwa... more This review covers the removal of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) using aeration system for groundwater. The review focuses on the aeration systems that used by the previous researchers on the system in removing iron and manganese. The important aspects that will be discussed in this paper are the strength and the weaknesses that had been implemented and the success of systems, in the critical review. There are many systems that been used either using the oxidation or filtration. The suitability of the method is depending to study area, soil type and water characteristic. All the systems worked as a tool to remove the iron and manganese, the differences between the systems in removing this metal will 100% or less than 100% removal. In this review, the weaknesses between all the removal systems that would be done will be discuss, to improve other study about this system and the suggestion from the researcher also take as an idea to execute a research in this area. The comparation betwee...
In groundwater treatment, many techniques have been investigated, including the cascade aerator s... more In groundwater treatment, many techniques have been investigated, including the cascade aerator system, which is a technique to eliminate heavy metals such as iron and manganese. The cascade aerator is also used as an effective, low-cost method to treat groundwater. In this study, the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) was used to investigate the aeration process in a newly-designed cascade aerator model. For this new cascade aerator, different dimensions were used to determine the best design that could reduce the concentration of iron and manganese. Two sets of LBM simulations, and two sets of Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments were carried out, and the velocity of the flow were calculated. Based on the findings, it was shown that the LBM simulations, and PIV data were in good agreement with each other in terms of velocity distribution. In addition, it was also found that water velocity had a significant influence on aeration efficiency. Cavitation damaged the overflow struc...
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