Background Critical inter-provincial differences within Iran in the pattern of non-communicable d... more Background Critical inter-provincial differences within Iran in the pattern of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and difficulties inherent to identifying prevention methods to reduce mortality from NCDs have challenged the implementation of the provincial health system plan. The Shahrekord Cohort Study (SCS) was designed to address these gaps in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, a province of high altitude in the southwest of Iran, characterized by its large Bakhtiari population, along with Fars and Turk ethnicity groups. Methods This ongoing cohort, a prospective, large-scale longitudinal study, includes a unique, rich biobank and was conducted for the first time in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in Iran. SCS is a part of the PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) cohort. The study began in 2015, recruited 10075 participants (52.8% female, 47.2% male) from both urban (n=7034) and rural (n=3041) areas, and participants will be annually followed up for at least 15...
Background and aim: Seasonal variations in incidence of diseases can be reason of effect of envir... more Background and aim: Seasonal variations in incidence of diseases can be reason of effect of environmental factors on health. Since the seasonal pattern in preterm birth varies across countries and because of importance of preterm births and unknown causes of it, this study was designed to investigate the frequency of preterm births in different seasons. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used data of all 5,860 infants born in the Rafsanjan Nik-Nafs hospital in 2011-2012. Inclusion criteria included live birth more than 20 weeks gestational age and birth weight more than 500 grams. Gestational age was determined according to mother's last menstrual period date. The criterion for preterm birth was gestational age less than 37 weeks gestation. Data was collected through delivery records of hospital medical documentary unit. For data analysis, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests was used. Results: The prevalence of preterm birth in this study was 6.96% (408 cases)...
Introduction: Interleukin IL-6 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine with a key impact on bo... more Introduction: Interleukin IL-6 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine with a key impact on both non-immune events and immune regulation in a wide range of cells and tissues outside the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with and without nephropathy. Methods: We enrolled 50 T2D patients with nephropathy and 52 T2D patients without nephropathy who referred to the diabetes clinic (Ali EbnAbitaleb Hospital, Rafsanjan, Iran) from April 2010 to November 2012 were included in the study. Serum levels of IL-6 were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (and Tukey’s post hoc test), and Chi-square test through SPSS version 18 software. Significant level was set at 0.05. Results: Our findings indicated that serum levels of IL-6 were significantly elevated in all of patients in comparison to healthy subjects (P < 0.01) whereas, there was no significant difference between T2D patients wi...
Introduction: Determination of the appropriate basis in glucose challenge test is considered as t... more Introduction: Determination of the appropriate basis in glucose challenge test is considered as the most important problems discussed in screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Therefore, this study was conducted with aim to assess the appropriate cut-off point in glucose challenge test in pregnant women. Methods: In this study, data of Iranian pregnant women without diabetes referring to Rafsanjan gynecology clinics for assessment of gestational diabetes were collected. GCT was performed for the women in 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test was performed for women who their test result was �135 mg/dl and �200 mg/dl. The OGTT results were interpreted by Carpenter and Coustan criteria. Finally, the appropriate cut-off point of GCT was calculated by SPSS software (version 22) and the ROC curve. Results: The results of GCT showed that the maximum and minimum values of GCT were 93 and 199 mg/dl respectively, with mean±SD of 161.99±15.83 mg/dl. 235 cases of...
Background Pain control after every surgery, especially cesarean is highly important, and physici... more Background Pain control after every surgery, especially cesarean is highly important, and physicians are striving to discover pain control methods using the least amount of opioid and Paracetamol is a non-opioid analgesic with few complications. The present study was aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of preoperative intravenous administration of paracetamol on post-cesarean pain.Methods This randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 240 pregnant women under spinal anesthesia who were candidate for elective cesarean. The patients’ weight, height, age and body mass index (BMI) were recorded, and patients were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=120). In the first group, 10 mg/kg paracetamol in 100cc normal saline (paracetamol group) and in the second group 100cc normal saline (control group) administered 15 minutes before surgery intravenously. Blood pressure, pulse rate, chills and nausea were recorded during and 1 hour after surgery, and pain visual analo...
Background and Objective: Preterm birth and low birth weight are considered as causes of morbidit... more Background and Objective: Preterm birth and low birth weight are considered as causes of morbidity and mortality, developmental disorders and child abnormalities. Since health outcomes differ on ethno-racial groups and there is little information among hand with regards to the said matter in Iran, this study was designed to survey the preterm and low birth weight prevalence on Iranian and Afghan nationalities. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 5925 Iranian and Afghan live births which delivered in Rafsanjan Nik-Nafs hospital on 2011-2012. Data was collected via use of delivery records of hospital medical documentary unit. The criterion for preterm birth was gestational age less than 37 weeks, and for low birth weight was birth weight less than 2500 grams. For data analysis, independent two-sample t-test, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used. Results: overal, 5532 infants (93.4%) were Iranian and 393 infant (6.6%) were Afghan. Preterm birth prevalence was 7.5% (447 cases), so that 7.1% (391 cases) and 14.5% (56 cases) were Iranian and Afghan respectively (p<0.001). In the present study, low birth weight prevalence was 7% (416 cases) out of which 6.7% (367 cases) were Iranian and 12.7% (49 cases) were Afghan (p<0.001). Conclusion: Since high prevalence of preterm birth and low birth weight were seen among the Afghan refugees, it appears that race and different factors such as: lack of proper insurance, availablity of health services and a lower socioeconomic status are in linked with this increase.
This population-based study in Taiwan aimed to investigate the risk of having a diagnosis of mali... more This population-based study in Taiwan aimed to investigate the risk of having a diagnosis of malignant brain tumors within 3 years after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study used data from the Traumatic Brain Injury Registry and the National Health Insurance Research Database. The study cohort comprised 5007 patients who had visited ambulatory care centers or had been hospitalized with a diagnosis of TBI between 2001 and 2002. The comparison cohort was 25,035 randomly selected enrollees. Each patient&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s brain cancer status was individually tracked for a 3-year period following their index date. Stratified Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed for analyses. During the 3 years of follow-up, nine patients in each cohort, both the TBI and the non-TBI cohort, were diagnosed with brain cancer. As compared to those patients without TBI, patients with TBI were more likely to receive a diagnosis of malignant brain tumors within the 3-year period following their index date: the incidence rate of malignant brain tumors was 6.28 (95% CI: 3.06-11.53) per 10,000 person-years in patients with TBI and 1.25 (95% CI: 0.61-2.29) per 10,000 person-years in patients without TBI. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, the hazard of being diagnosed with malignant brain tumors during the 3-year follow-up period was 4.67 (95% CI: 1.84-11.83) times greater for those who sustained a TBI than for patients in the comparison cohort. In addition, we found an association between TBI severity and malignant brain tumor among patients with TBI (p=0.033). Our findings suggest a positive correlation between TBI and the relatively short-term development of malignant neoplasms of the brain.
Background and Objectives: Birth weight is the most important indicator of infant's health and th... more Background and Objectives: Birth weight is the most important indicator of infant's health and this critical index is directly related to mother's health. Hence, knowledge of maternal diseases can be considered as an effective factor in maintaining infant ideal weight. Therefore, this study was addressed to investigate the association between maternal diseases and birth weight. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on Rafsanjan-Niknafs maternity in 2011-2012. The inclusion criteria were being Iranian, live births, gestational age of 22 weeks and above and birth weight of >500 g. Data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed by statistical tests including independent t-test, chisquare test, Fisher's exact test, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: In given sample, 4193 (83.6%) mothers were healthy and 825 (16.4%) mothers had underlying diseases. The average and standard deviation of age in healthy and diseased mothers were 27.37 ± 5.14 and 29.99 ± 5.59 years old, respectively (p<0.001). There was found a significant difference between mother's diseases and birth weight, as infant weight gain of healthy mothers was 89 (2.2%), of diabetics 25 (5.8%), of the hypertensive 10 (4.4%), and of mothers who had more than one disease 4 (5.8%) (p<0.001). Also, low birth weight (LBW) in healthy mothers, in mothers with diabetes, hypertension, and in mothers with more than one disease was 6.3%, 4.9%, 17.8%, and 7.2%, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of weight disorders in Rafsanjan and the impact of mother's diseases on this important health index, it is necessary to identify and provide special control care for mothers during pregnancy.
OBJECTIVES: Stillbirth is an undesirable outcome of pregnancy. In light of the increasing use of ... more OBJECTIVES: Stillbirth is an undesirable outcome of pregnancy. In light of the increasing use of pesticides and growing concerns about the possible health effects of agricultural pesticides, we investigated the effect of exposure to pistachio pesticides on stillbirth in pregnant mothers. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted in Rafsanjan, Iran from 2011 to 2012. A total of 125 females who had a recent stillbirth were included as the case group, and 250 controls were selected from females who had a recent live birth. For each case, two controls with the nearest propensity score to the case were selected. Data were collected using a protocol developed by the researcher that involved interviewing respondents and reviewing their medical records. Conditional multivariate and univariate logistic regression analysis were performed and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: The ORs of stillbirth in mothers living in pistachio gardens and thos...
Background Critical inter-provincial differences within Iran in the pattern of non-communicable d... more Background Critical inter-provincial differences within Iran in the pattern of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and difficulties inherent to identifying prevention methods to reduce mortality from NCDs have challenged the implementation of the provincial health system plan. The Shahrekord Cohort Study (SCS) was designed to address these gaps in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari, a province of high altitude in the southwest of Iran, characterized by its large Bakhtiari population, along with Fars and Turk ethnicity groups. Methods This ongoing cohort, a prospective, large-scale longitudinal study, includes a unique, rich biobank and was conducted for the first time in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in Iran. SCS is a part of the PERSIAN (Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in IrAN) cohort. The study began in 2015, recruited 10075 participants (52.8% female, 47.2% male) from both urban (n=7034) and rural (n=3041) areas, and participants will be annually followed up for at least 15...
Background and aim: Seasonal variations in incidence of diseases can be reason of effect of envir... more Background and aim: Seasonal variations in incidence of diseases can be reason of effect of environmental factors on health. Since the seasonal pattern in preterm birth varies across countries and because of importance of preterm births and unknown causes of it, this study was designed to investigate the frequency of preterm births in different seasons. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used data of all 5,860 infants born in the Rafsanjan Nik-Nafs hospital in 2011-2012. Inclusion criteria included live birth more than 20 weeks gestational age and birth weight more than 500 grams. Gestational age was determined according to mother's last menstrual period date. The criterion for preterm birth was gestational age less than 37 weeks gestation. Data was collected through delivery records of hospital medical documentary unit. For data analysis, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests was used. Results: The prevalence of preterm birth in this study was 6.96% (408 cases)...
Introduction: Interleukin IL-6 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine with a key impact on bo... more Introduction: Interleukin IL-6 is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine with a key impact on both non-immune events and immune regulation in a wide range of cells and tissues outside the immune system. The aim of this study was to investigate the roles of IL-6 in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with and without nephropathy. Methods: We enrolled 50 T2D patients with nephropathy and 52 T2D patients without nephropathy who referred to the diabetes clinic (Ali EbnAbitaleb Hospital, Rafsanjan, Iran) from April 2010 to November 2012 were included in the study. Serum levels of IL-6 were measured by ELISA. Data were analyzed using ANOVA (and Tukey’s post hoc test), and Chi-square test through SPSS version 18 software. Significant level was set at 0.05. Results: Our findings indicated that serum levels of IL-6 were significantly elevated in all of patients in comparison to healthy subjects (P < 0.01) whereas, there was no significant difference between T2D patients wi...
Introduction: Determination of the appropriate basis in glucose challenge test is considered as t... more Introduction: Determination of the appropriate basis in glucose challenge test is considered as the most important problems discussed in screening for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Therefore, this study was conducted with aim to assess the appropriate cut-off point in glucose challenge test in pregnant women. Methods: In this study, data of Iranian pregnant women without diabetes referring to Rafsanjan gynecology clinics for assessment of gestational diabetes were collected. GCT was performed for the women in 24 to 28 weeks of pregnancy. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test was performed for women who their test result was �135 mg/dl and �200 mg/dl. The OGTT results were interpreted by Carpenter and Coustan criteria. Finally, the appropriate cut-off point of GCT was calculated by SPSS software (version 22) and the ROC curve. Results: The results of GCT showed that the maximum and minimum values of GCT were 93 and 199 mg/dl respectively, with mean±SD of 161.99±15.83 mg/dl. 235 cases of...
Background Pain control after every surgery, especially cesarean is highly important, and physici... more Background Pain control after every surgery, especially cesarean is highly important, and physicians are striving to discover pain control methods using the least amount of opioid and Paracetamol is a non-opioid analgesic with few complications. The present study was aimed to investigate the analgesic effect of preoperative intravenous administration of paracetamol on post-cesarean pain.Methods This randomized double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 240 pregnant women under spinal anesthesia who were candidate for elective cesarean. The patients’ weight, height, age and body mass index (BMI) were recorded, and patients were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=120). In the first group, 10 mg/kg paracetamol in 100cc normal saline (paracetamol group) and in the second group 100cc normal saline (control group) administered 15 minutes before surgery intravenously. Blood pressure, pulse rate, chills and nausea were recorded during and 1 hour after surgery, and pain visual analo...
Background and Objective: Preterm birth and low birth weight are considered as causes of morbidit... more Background and Objective: Preterm birth and low birth weight are considered as causes of morbidity and mortality, developmental disorders and child abnormalities. Since health outcomes differ on ethno-racial groups and there is little information among hand with regards to the said matter in Iran, this study was designed to survey the preterm and low birth weight prevalence on Iranian and Afghan nationalities. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 5925 Iranian and Afghan live births which delivered in Rafsanjan Nik-Nafs hospital on 2011-2012. Data was collected via use of delivery records of hospital medical documentary unit. The criterion for preterm birth was gestational age less than 37 weeks, and for low birth weight was birth weight less than 2500 grams. For data analysis, independent two-sample t-test, chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used. Results: overal, 5532 infants (93.4%) were Iranian and 393 infant (6.6%) were Afghan. Preterm birth prevalence was 7.5% (447 cases), so that 7.1% (391 cases) and 14.5% (56 cases) were Iranian and Afghan respectively (p<0.001). In the present study, low birth weight prevalence was 7% (416 cases) out of which 6.7% (367 cases) were Iranian and 12.7% (49 cases) were Afghan (p<0.001). Conclusion: Since high prevalence of preterm birth and low birth weight were seen among the Afghan refugees, it appears that race and different factors such as: lack of proper insurance, availablity of health services and a lower socioeconomic status are in linked with this increase.
This population-based study in Taiwan aimed to investigate the risk of having a diagnosis of mali... more This population-based study in Taiwan aimed to investigate the risk of having a diagnosis of malignant brain tumors within 3 years after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study used data from the Traumatic Brain Injury Registry and the National Health Insurance Research Database. The study cohort comprised 5007 patients who had visited ambulatory care centers or had been hospitalized with a diagnosis of TBI between 2001 and 2002. The comparison cohort was 25,035 randomly selected enrollees. Each patient&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s brain cancer status was individually tracked for a 3-year period following their index date. Stratified Cox proportional hazards regressions were performed for analyses. During the 3 years of follow-up, nine patients in each cohort, both the TBI and the non-TBI cohort, were diagnosed with brain cancer. As compared to those patients without TBI, patients with TBI were more likely to receive a diagnosis of malignant brain tumors within the 3-year period following their index date: the incidence rate of malignant brain tumors was 6.28 (95% CI: 3.06-11.53) per 10,000 person-years in patients with TBI and 1.25 (95% CI: 0.61-2.29) per 10,000 person-years in patients without TBI. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, the hazard of being diagnosed with malignant brain tumors during the 3-year follow-up period was 4.67 (95% CI: 1.84-11.83) times greater for those who sustained a TBI than for patients in the comparison cohort. In addition, we found an association between TBI severity and malignant brain tumor among patients with TBI (p=0.033). Our findings suggest a positive correlation between TBI and the relatively short-term development of malignant neoplasms of the brain.
Background and Objectives: Birth weight is the most important indicator of infant's health and th... more Background and Objectives: Birth weight is the most important indicator of infant's health and this critical index is directly related to mother's health. Hence, knowledge of maternal diseases can be considered as an effective factor in maintaining infant ideal weight. Therefore, this study was addressed to investigate the association between maternal diseases and birth weight. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on Rafsanjan-Niknafs maternity in 2011-2012. The inclusion criteria were being Iranian, live births, gestational age of 22 weeks and above and birth weight of >500 g. Data were collected by questionnaires and analyzed by statistical tests including independent t-test, chisquare test, Fisher's exact test, one-way ANOVA and multiple linear regression. Results: In given sample, 4193 (83.6%) mothers were healthy and 825 (16.4%) mothers had underlying diseases. The average and standard deviation of age in healthy and diseased mothers were 27.37 ± 5.14 and 29.99 ± 5.59 years old, respectively (p<0.001). There was found a significant difference between mother's diseases and birth weight, as infant weight gain of healthy mothers was 89 (2.2%), of diabetics 25 (5.8%), of the hypertensive 10 (4.4%), and of mothers who had more than one disease 4 (5.8%) (p<0.001). Also, low birth weight (LBW) in healthy mothers, in mothers with diabetes, hypertension, and in mothers with more than one disease was 6.3%, 4.9%, 17.8%, and 7.2%, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of weight disorders in Rafsanjan and the impact of mother's diseases on this important health index, it is necessary to identify and provide special control care for mothers during pregnancy.
OBJECTIVES: Stillbirth is an undesirable outcome of pregnancy. In light of the increasing use of ... more OBJECTIVES: Stillbirth is an undesirable outcome of pregnancy. In light of the increasing use of pesticides and growing concerns about the possible health effects of agricultural pesticides, we investigated the effect of exposure to pistachio pesticides on stillbirth in pregnant mothers. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted in Rafsanjan, Iran from 2011 to 2012. A total of 125 females who had a recent stillbirth were included as the case group, and 250 controls were selected from females who had a recent live birth. For each case, two controls with the nearest propensity score to the case were selected. Data were collected using a protocol developed by the researcher that involved interviewing respondents and reviewing their medical records. Conditional multivariate and univariate logistic regression analysis were performed and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: The ORs of stillbirth in mothers living in pistachio gardens and thos...
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