Robert Rennie

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Sampath Chandra Prasad Rao

Manipal Academy of Higher Education

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El Colegio de la Frontera Sur

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Universidad de Valladolid

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Papers by Robert Rennie

Bacteriology of a Bear Bite Wound to a Human: Case Report

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004

Human contact with bears has become more frequent, as has the resultant bear maulings and bite in... more Human contact with bears has become more frequent, as has the resultant bear maulings and bite injuries. We report the bacteriology of a patient bitten by a grizzly bear ( Ursus arctos ) from the Rocky Mountains foothills area east of Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada. The patient received field care, including metronidazole and cefazolin. Subsequent deep-wound cultures grew Serratia fonticola , Serratia marcescens , Aeromonas hydrophila , Bacillus cereus , and Enterococcus durans but no anaerobes.

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A single strain of Candida albicans associated with separate episodes of fungemia and meningitis

Journal of clinical microbiology, 1996

Four isolates of Candida albicans recovered from the blood and cerebral spinal fluid of a 66-year... more Four isolates of Candida albicans recovered from the blood and cerebral spinal fluid of a 66-year-old man during episodes of systemic infection separated by 3 months and antifungal therapy were analyzed by a variety of molecular typing methods. All four isolates were shown to represent the same strain, indicating a relapse of infection rather than reinfection.

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Omiganan Pentahydrochloride (MBI 226), a Topical 12-Amino-Acid Cationic Peptide: Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity and Measurements of Bactericidal Activity

Antimicrobial agents …, 2004

The activity of omiganan pentahydrochloride (formerly MBI 226; a synthetic cationic peptide) was ... more The activity of omiganan pentahydrochloride (formerly MBI 226; a synthetic cationic peptide) was assessed against 1,437 recent clinical bacterial isolates and 214 recent clinical yeast isolates. The omiganan was highly active, and minimal bactericidal concentrations or minimal fungicidal concentrations were either equal to or two-to fourfold higher than MICs. Kill curve experiments showed a clear pattern of bactericidal activity.

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Combined international external quality assessment results of medical laboratory performance and reporting of samples with known antimicrobial resistance

Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany), Jan 15, 2018

Reporting on the presence of antimicrobial resistance is of considerable concern both for individ... more Reporting on the presence of antimicrobial resistance is of considerable concern both for individual patient care and for understanding the underlying health status within the community at large. Antimicrobial resistance is solely dependent upon clinical laboratory detection and thus can be impacted upon by the quality and competence of medical laboratories. Proficiency testing or external quality assessment (PT/EQA) is the international standard for the direct measurement of medical laboratory performance on critical testing. An international, intercontinental collaborative retrospective study of medical laboratory performance in antibiotic resistance was performed by the Microbiology Working Group (MWG) of the European Organisation for External Quality Assurance for Laboratory Medicine (EQALM) with particular examination of laboratory performance on the testing and reporting of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and carbapene...

Outcome of Bacteremia and Fungemia in Pediatric Oncology Patients

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2002

OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of paediatric oncology patients with positive blood cultures.... more OBJECTIVE: To determine the outcome of paediatric oncology patients with positive blood cultures.>DESIGN: Retrospective chart review.SETTING: Tertiary care hospital.POPULATION STUDIED: Oncology patients up to 17 years of age with positive blood cultures from January 1, 1994 to March 31, 1999.MAIN RESULTS: There were 121 episodes of positive blood cultures in 76 patients. Seventeen episodes were excluded because blood cultures were contaminated. Of the organisms grown from the remaining episodes, 63% were Gram-positive organisms, 23% were Gram-negative organisms, 3% were fungal and 11% were mixed. There were 13 episodes with pure or mixed isolates ofStaphylococcus aureus, of which nine occurred within 14 days of the placement of a new central venous tunnelled catheter. Central venous tunnelled catheters were retained in 76 of the 102 episodes when they were present. There were two relapses, and four children were admitted to the intensive care unit with septic shock, but all survi...

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Infections Caused by Actinomyces neuii: A Case Series and Review of an Unusual Bacterium

The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie médicale, 2016

Background. Actinomyces neuii is a Gram-positive bacillus rarely implicated in human infections. ... more Background. Actinomyces neuii is a Gram-positive bacillus rarely implicated in human infections. However, its occurrence is being increasingly recognized with the use of improved identification systems. Objective. To analyse A. neuii infections in Alberta, Canada, and review the literature regarding this unusual pathogen. Methods. Cases of A. neuii were identified in 2013-2014 in Alberta. Samples were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. A predominant catalase positive Gram-positive coryneform bacillus with no branching was isolated in each case. Testing was initially done with API-CORYNE® (bioMérieux) and isolates were sent to the Provincial Laboratory for Public Health for further testing. Isolates' identities were confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry microbial identification system (MALDI-TOF MS MIS; bioMérieux) and/or DNA sequencing. Results. Six cases of A. neuii infection were identified. All patients had soft tissue ...

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Comparison of Uriswab to alternative methods for urine culture collection and transport: confirmation of standard culture methodology for investigation of urinary tract infections

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2016

The ability to isolate and identify causative agents of urinary tract infections relies primarily... more The ability to isolate and identify causative agents of urinary tract infections relies primarily on the quality of the urine sample that is submitted to the microbiology. The most important factors are the method of collection, the maintenance of viability of the potential pathogens during transport, and standardization of the culturing of the urine sample. This report is a composite of several investigations comparing collection and transport on urine culture paddles, with a preservative urine sponge (Uriswab), and a comparison of Uriswab with the BD preservative transport tube as methods of preservation of urinary pathogens. Primary studies showed that Uriswab maintained significantly more urinary pathogens than the urine culture paddle with fewer mixed or contaminated cultures. The two preservative transport systems were comparable for maintenance of viability of the pathogens, but there were fewer mixed cultures when samples were collected with Uriswab. This study confirms the importance of a standard volume of 1 μL of urine for culture.

Beta-Lactamases: Why, When and How to Test

ID tags�does the ID stand for identification or infectious diseases risk?

American Journal of Infection Control, Jan 8, 2009

AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 37, Issue 6, Pages 518-519, August 2009, Auth... more

Disseminated candidiasis due to amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, May 1, 1992

Although development of resistance in Candida albicans to amphotericin B is considered rare, C. a... more Although development of resistance in Candida albicans to amphotericin B is considered rare, C. albicans was persistently recovered from a 28-year-old man after a prolonged course of broad-spectrum antimicrobial therapy for a pancreatic abscess. Determination of the MICs of drugs for C. albicans in Sabouraud broth revealed MICs of 2.5 mg/l amphotericin B, greater than 40 mg/l ketoconazole, 2.5 mg/l miconazole, and greater than 40 mg/l 5-fluorocytosine. Synergy testing revealed a MIC of 0.3 mg/l amphotericin B in the presence of 2.5 mg/l 5-fluorocytosine. When intravenous 5-fluorocytosine was added to the patient&#39;s antifungal regimen, achieving levels of 125 mg/l, negative blood cultures resulted for the first time. This suggests there may be a clinical use for in vitro synergy testing as an adjunct to guide antifungal therapy for fungemia due to amphotericin B-resistant C. albicans.

Testing and Reporting of Less Common Gram-positive Bacilli: Clinical Significance and Culture Issues for Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and Listeria monocytogenes

Growth of Bacterial Pathogens on Three Brands of Surgical Marking Pens

Evaluation of CHROMagar Candida for presumptive identification of clinically important Candida species

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Nov 30, 1998

is a recently described and differential medium for the isolation and the presumptive identificat... more is a recently described and differential medium for the isolation and the presumptive identification of clinically important yeasts. We evaluated it with 262 yeast strains from clinical specimens, including 173 Candida albicans, 21 Candida tropicalis, 8 Candida krusei, 49 Candida glabrata, and 12 strains of other yeast species. Strains were presumptively identified on the basis of colony color and texture. These observations were compared with conventional identification results. Candida albicans was identified correctly in 170 (98%) of the 173 strains. A total of 46 of the 205 specimens that were plated on CHROMagar contained mixed cultures of yeast. Thirty-seven (80%) of these mixed cultures were not detected in the original specimens. CHROMagar Candida was useful for the rapid presumptive identification of Candida albicans and facilitated the recognition of mixed cultures. For other yeast species, it may provide additional information to laboratories that do not regularly perform identifications beyond the germ tube test.

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Synthetic anti-candida albicans oligosaccharide based vaccines

Antifungal Screening of Medicinal Plants

Variability of beta-lactam susceptibility testing for Streptococcus pneumoniae using four commercial test methods and broth microdilution

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2015

Limited data are available that verify the performance of commercial susceptibility methods for S... more Limited data are available that verify the performance of commercial susceptibility methods for Streptococcus pneumoniae following the 2008 Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute revision of the β-lactam breakpoints. We compared the performance of Etest, M.I.C. Evaluator (M.I.C.E), Vitek, and Sensititre systems to broth microdilution for S. pneumoniae susceptibility testing of penicillin, ceftriaxone, meropenem, and amoxicillin. Essential agreement was ≥90% for the majority of the β-lactams and methods tested, particularly for penicillin and ceftriaxone. Categorical agreements (CAs) for penicillin using meningeal and nonmeningeal breakpoints were ≥90%; CAs using penicillin oral breakpoints were 84-89%. Ceftriaxone CAs using nonmeningeal and meningeal breakpoints were 68-88% for Etest, M.I.C.E., and Vitek2 with 6-12% very major errors (VMEs) using meningeal breakpoints. Sensititre CAs for ceftriaxone, amoxicillin, and meropenem were ≥90% with no VMEs. In the context of the current guidelines, there exists considerable method-dependent variability in the susceptibility of S. pneumoniae to β-lactams.

Sensitivity of CAPD/IPD peritonitis organisms to ciprofloxacin

Advances in peritoneal dialysis. Conference on Peritoneal Dialysis

Studies have suggested that oral quinolones may be useful in the treatment of peritonitis in peri... more Studies have suggested that oral quinolones may be useful in the treatment of peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis. We undertook a study of organisms causing peritonitis in our IPD and CAPD populations to determine if these organisms would be susceptible in vitro to Cipro. We determined the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 62 non-duplicate isolates from episodes of peritonitis to Cipro by standard broth microdilution. Serial dilutions were done with Cipro and MIC50 and MIC90 were determined. The isolates were as follows: S, epidermidis (17), S. aureus (14), coliforms (11), Pseudomonas (8), Enterococci (8), Diphtheroids (4). The MIC50 and MIC90 for each of the isolate groups and overall are shown below.

The ecology of anthrax spores: Tough but not invisible

The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne

Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, a serious and often fatal disease of wild a... more Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, a serious and often fatal disease of wild and domestic animals. Central to the persistence of anthrax in an area is the ability of B. anthracis to form longlasting, highly resistant spores. Understanding the ecology of anthrax spores is essential if one hopes to control epidemics. Studies on the ecology of anthrax have found a correlation between the disease and specific soil factors, such as alkaline pH, high moisture, and high organic content. Researchers initially suggested that these factors influenced vegetative anthrax bacilli. However, subsequent research has shown that vegetative cells of B. anthracis have very specific nutrient and physiological requirements and are unlikely to survive outside a host. Review of the properties of spores of B. anthracis and other Bacillus species suggests that the specific soil factors linked to epidemic areas reflect important environmental conditions that aid the anthrax spores in causing epidemics. Specifically, high levels of calcium in the soil may help to maintain spore vitality for prolonged periods, thereby increasing the chance of spores encountering and infecting a new host. Cycles of runoff and evaporation may collect spores dispersed from previous epidemics into storage areas, thereby concentrating them. Uptake of large doses of viable spores from storage areas by susceptible animals, via altered feeding or breeding behavior, may then allow the bacterium to establish infection and cause a new epidemic. Literature search for this review was done by scanning the Life Sciences Collection 1982-1994 using the keywords "anthrax" and "calcium and spore." Resume L'ecologie des spores de l'anthrax: resistants, mais non invicibles Bacillus anthracis est l'agent causal de l'anthrax, une maladie serieuse et souvent fatale affectant les animaux sauvages et domestiques. Bacillus anthrasis produit des spores de longue duree tres resistantes ce qui favorise la persistance de l'anthrax dans une region. Il est essentiel de connaitre l'etiologie des spores de l'anthrax afin de pouvoir controler les epidemies. Les etudes ecologiques ont demontre une correlation entre la maladie et certains facteurs du sol tels un ph alcalin, une humidite elevee et un haut contenu organique. Initialement, les chercheurs ont

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Campylobacter fetus Diarrhea inaHutterite Colony: Epidemiological Observations andTyping of theCausative Organism

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin in Canada

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease

This study defines the characteristics of decreasing vancomycin susceptibility in multiple isolat... more This study defines the characteristics of decreasing vancomycin susceptibility in multiple isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) recovered from a hospitalized patient in Canada over a period of 6 months. The MICs of the isolates increased during therapy with vancomycin. The patient fractured her right hip while in the United States. She was started on treatment with vancomycin. The MICs of successive isolates increased from < or =1 to 4 mg/L over 6 months. Then, an isolate tested at 8 mg/L initially and 4 mg/L with confirmatory E-test (AB BIODISK, Solna, Sweden). One month later, MRSA was still present in her wound, and therapy was changed to linezolid with rifampin. Subsequent cultures were negative for MRSA. Susceptibility testing was performed on the BD Phoenix (Becton Dickinson Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, MD), Dade Microscan (Dade Behring Microscan, Sacramento, CA), Pasco MIC (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD), Vitek 2 (bioMerieux, St. Louis, MO), and Sen...

Bacteriology of a Bear Bite Wound to a Human: Case Report

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2004

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A single strain of Candida albicans associated with separate episodes of fungemia and meningitis

Journal of clinical microbiology, 1996

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Omiganan Pentahydrochloride (MBI 226), a Topical 12-Amino-Acid Cationic Peptide: Spectrum of Antimicrobial Activity and Measurements of Bactericidal Activity

Antimicrobial agents …, 2004

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Combined international external quality assessment results of medical laboratory performance and reporting of samples with known antimicrobial resistance

Diagnosis (Berlin, Germany), Jan 15, 2018

Outcome of Bacteremia and Fungemia in Pediatric Oncology Patients

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2002

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Infections Caused by Actinomyces neuii: A Case Series and Review of an Unusual Bacterium

The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie médicale, 2016

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Comparison of Uriswab to alternative methods for urine culture collection and transport: confirmation of standard culture methodology for investigation of urinary tract infections

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2016

Beta-Lactamases: Why, When and How to Test

ID tags�does the ID stand for identification or infectious diseases risk?

American Journal of Infection Control, Jan 8, 2009

AJIC: American Journal of Infection Control, Volume 37, Issue 6, Pages 518-519, August 2009, Auth... more

Disseminated candidiasis due to amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans

The Journal of Infectious Diseases, May 1, 1992

Testing and Reporting of Less Common Gram-positive Bacilli: Clinical Significance and Culture Issues for Arcanobacterium haemolyticum and Listeria monocytogenes

Growth of Bacterial Pathogens on Three Brands of Surgical Marking Pens

Evaluation of CHROMagar Candida for presumptive identification of clinically important Candida species

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Nov 30, 1998

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Synthetic anti-candida albicans oligosaccharide based vaccines

Antifungal Screening of Medicinal Plants

Variability of beta-lactam susceptibility testing for Streptococcus pneumoniae using four commercial test methods and broth microdilution

Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, 2015