A new bathynellacean, Camachobathynella meghalayaensis n. gen., n. sp., is described from a hypor... more A new bathynellacean, Camachobathynella meghalayaensis n. gen., n. sp., is described from a hyporheic habitat in Meghalaya, a northeastern Indian state. This is the first Palearctic bathynellacean from India. It has very little in common with the hitherto known tropical Bathynellidae Grobben, 1905 of India and other Gondwana landmasses, but it shows some close morphological relationships with the Palearctic members of the subfamily Bathynellinae Grobben, 1905. It has a unique of constellation of characters: antennule 7-segmented, with 5 setae on segment 7; antennary endopod 5-segmented and perpendicular to antennule, and exopod without medial seta; mandible sexually isomorphic with 3-segmented palp and distinct gnathobase; maxilla 4-segmented, setal formula 6-4-6-4; Th I-VII with 4-segmented endopod; male Th VIII penile region consisting of 3 lobes, none of them denticulate, basis armed with 2 setae on inner margin, exopod bent outwards and armed with 5 setae, and endopod absent; female Th VIII with large, biarticulate epipod, exopod and endopod 1-segmented, with 2 setae each; pleopod I 2-segmented, with 6 setae on distal segment; uropodal sympod with 5 equal spines; caudal furca with 4 spines; and pleotelson with 2 dorsal moderately strong setae. Of these characters, the male Th VIII lacking endopod and the caudal furca having only four spines can be considered the autapomorphies of the new genus within in the subfamily Bathynellinae. The position of the new taxon in Bathynellidae is discussed, and a brief note on its ecology and biogeography is also added.
Up until now, the genus Habrobathynella Schminke, 1973 had ten species in the world. Of these, tw... more Up until now, the genus Habrobathynella Schminke, 1973 had ten species in the world. Of these, two are known fromMadagascar and eight from India. Habrobathynella borraensis n. sp. is described herein from the Borra Caves, southeastern India. This is the first cavernicolous species of the genus. The species has a unique combination of characters: male Th VIII elongate, somewhat subquadrate in lateral views, with both dentate and inner lobes moderately produced and reaching about the level of exopod; outer lobe thumb-like, much shorter than basipod and fused with protopod; exopod distinct from basipod, claw-like, incurved in lateral views and with denticulate apical margin; female Th VIII in the form of triangular lobe lying anteriorly; uropodal sympod with inhomonomous row of 4 spines, ultimate spine longer and thicker than proximal ones; pleotelson protruded at postero-lateral angle and shorter than caudal furca; and maxilla with 1 normal seta on first segment. The affinities of the new species with its congeners, especially Habrobathynella nagarjunai Ranga Reddy, 2002, are briefly discussed. The paragnath morphology is illustrated afresh for seven of the eight Indian species, and its usefulness as a speciesspecific criterion discussed. The length of the outer seta vs. the apical, inner seta of the uropodal exopod is also proposed as a new specific feature. Furthermore, a brief note on the biogeography of the species of Habrobathynella is added
To date, only 16 species of the very diverse family Parastenocarididae have been reported from th... more To date, only 16 species of the very diverse family Parastenocarididae have been reported from the Indian subcontinent. This paper gives an illustrated description of three new species, viz. Parastenocaris edakkal n. sp., Proserpinicaris corgosinhoi n. sp., and Proserpinicaris karanovici n. sp., and discusses their position in the respective genera. While the first two species were found sympatrically in the Edakkal Cave in Kerala State of southwestern India, the third one was collected from a farm bore in the riparian zone of the River Krishna in Andhra Pradesh State of southeastern India. The Palaearctic genus Proserpinicaris Jakobi, 1972 sensu Karanovic, Cho & Lee, 2012, is being reported for the first time from India. Parastenocaris edakkal n. sp. belongs to the brevipes-group of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913 sensu Lang, 1948 et Reid, 1995. It is chiefly characterized by the male leg 4 basal chitinous complex consisting of one large sclerotized plate together with two small accessory lobes, and one strong, hook-like spine at the inner distal corner, and the endopod is membranous and ventricose in outline, with bulbous proximal part drawn out distally into biserrulate, pointed structure. Proserpinicaris corgosinhoi n. sp. can be easily separated from its congeners, inter alia, by the short caudal rami (c.1.2-1.4 times as long as wide), bearing 2 unequal lateral setae (I, III) inserted proximally; male leg 3 proximal segment is stumpy and has one prominent tubular pore on proximal anterior surface; and leg 4 endopod is short, membranous and somewhat conical, and the hyaline structure is relatively large, foliaceous and lies rather close to endopod. Proserpinicaris karanovici n. sp. has its own unique set of characters, of which the following are noteworthy: the caudal rami in both sexes are about 2.6 times as long as wide, gradually tapering, with only 2 lateral setae inserted in proximal half; and the male leg 4 endopod is nearly as long as first exopodal segment, membranous, with lateral margins fringed with tiny spinules, and the hyaline structure is short, leaf-like and occurring close to, and overlapping, the endopod.
Recent revision of the family Parastenocarididae has revealed the existence of different monophyl... more Recent revision of the family Parastenocarididae has revealed the existence of different monophyletic groups within the repository genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913 sensu lato. Here, we redefine the genus Siolicaris Jakobi, 1972, arguing for its monophyly. All the hitherto known Neotropical species of Siolicaris and also the Indian Siolicaris sandhya (Ranga Reddy, 2001) comb. nov., which are redescribed herein, share what we consider to be a unique constellation of synapomorphies: in the female, thoracopod 3 enp is absent; in the male, thoracopod 4 enp is reduced; thoracopod 3 exp is robust, strongly incurved and with a very strong thumb, longer than apophysis; and in both sexes, thoracopod 5 is trapezoidal, with all the setigerous elements inserted on the very distal margin. In addition, the proximal position of furcal setae I–III together with the extreme reduction of seta II and the reduction or complete absence of the proximal-most seta on thoracopod 5 exp are other good indications, justifying the inclusion of Siolicaris within a broader group of Neotropical Parastenocarididae. The genus is probably of Gondwanan origin, with its known members distributed in the northern South America (Amazonian region) and southeastern India. Parastenocaris digitata Noodt, 1963a is treated here as a synonym of Siolicaris jakobi (Noodt, 1963a). Parastenocaris chelifer Delachaux, 1924 and Parastenocaris xyrophora Noodt & Galhano, 1969 are considered species inquirendae of the genus Siolicaris, pending their detailed redescription.
A new bathynellacean, Camachobathynella meghalayaensis n. gen., n. sp., is described from a hypor... more A new bathynellacean, Camachobathynella meghalayaensis n. gen., n. sp., is described from a hyporheic habitat in Meghalaya, a northeastern Indian state. This is the first Palearctic bathynellacean from India. It has very little in common with the hitherto known tropical Bathynellidae Grobben, 1905 of India and other Gondwana landmasses, but it shows some close morphological relationships with the Palearctic members of the subfamily Bathynellinae Grobben, 1905. It has a unique of constellation of characters: antennule 7-segmented, with 5 setae on segment 7; antennary endopod 5-segmented and perpendicular to antennule, and exopod without medial seta; mandible sexually isomorphic with 3-segmented palp and distinct gnathobase; maxilla 4-segmented, setal formula 6-4-6-4; Th I-VII with 4-segmented endopod; male Th VIII penile region consisting of 3 lobes, none of them denticulate, basis armed with 2 setae on inner margin, exopod bent outwards and armed with 5 setae, and endopod absent; female Th VIII with large, biarticulate epipod, exopod and endopod 1-segmented, with 2 setae each; pleopod I 2-segmented, with 6 setae on distal segment; uropodal sympod with 5 equal spines; caudal furca with 4 spines; and pleotelson with 2 dorsal moderately strong setae. Of these characters, the male Th VIII lacking endopod and the caudal furca having only four spines can be considered the autapomorphies of the new genus within in the subfamily Bathynellinae. The position of the new taxon in Bathynellidae is discussed, and a brief note on its ecology and biogeography is also added.
Up until now, the genus Habrobathynella Schminke, 1973 had ten species in the world. Of these, tw... more Up until now, the genus Habrobathynella Schminke, 1973 had ten species in the world. Of these, two are known fromMadagascar and eight from India. Habrobathynella borraensis n. sp. is described herein from the Borra Caves, southeastern India. This is the first cavernicolous species of the genus. The species has a unique combination of characters: male Th VIII elongate, somewhat subquadrate in lateral views, with both dentate and inner lobes moderately produced and reaching about the level of exopod; outer lobe thumb-like, much shorter than basipod and fused with protopod; exopod distinct from basipod, claw-like, incurved in lateral views and with denticulate apical margin; female Th VIII in the form of triangular lobe lying anteriorly; uropodal sympod with inhomonomous row of 4 spines, ultimate spine longer and thicker than proximal ones; pleotelson protruded at postero-lateral angle and shorter than caudal furca; and maxilla with 1 normal seta on first segment. The affinities of the new species with its congeners, especially Habrobathynella nagarjunai Ranga Reddy, 2002, are briefly discussed. The paragnath morphology is illustrated afresh for seven of the eight Indian species, and its usefulness as a speciesspecific criterion discussed. The length of the outer seta vs. the apical, inner seta of the uropodal exopod is also proposed as a new specific feature. Furthermore, a brief note on the biogeography of the species of Habrobathynella is added
To date, only 16 species of the very diverse family Parastenocarididae have been reported from th... more To date, only 16 species of the very diverse family Parastenocarididae have been reported from the Indian subcontinent. This paper gives an illustrated description of three new species, viz. Parastenocaris edakkal n. sp., Proserpinicaris corgosinhoi n. sp., and Proserpinicaris karanovici n. sp., and discusses their position in the respective genera. While the first two species were found sympatrically in the Edakkal Cave in Kerala State of southwestern India, the third one was collected from a farm bore in the riparian zone of the River Krishna in Andhra Pradesh State of southeastern India. The Palaearctic genus Proserpinicaris Jakobi, 1972 sensu Karanovic, Cho & Lee, 2012, is being reported for the first time from India. Parastenocaris edakkal n. sp. belongs to the brevipes-group of the genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913 sensu Lang, 1948 et Reid, 1995. It is chiefly characterized by the male leg 4 basal chitinous complex consisting of one large sclerotized plate together with two small accessory lobes, and one strong, hook-like spine at the inner distal corner, and the endopod is membranous and ventricose in outline, with bulbous proximal part drawn out distally into biserrulate, pointed structure. Proserpinicaris corgosinhoi n. sp. can be easily separated from its congeners, inter alia, by the short caudal rami (c.1.2-1.4 times as long as wide), bearing 2 unequal lateral setae (I, III) inserted proximally; male leg 3 proximal segment is stumpy and has one prominent tubular pore on proximal anterior surface; and leg 4 endopod is short, membranous and somewhat conical, and the hyaline structure is relatively large, foliaceous and lies rather close to endopod. Proserpinicaris karanovici n. sp. has its own unique set of characters, of which the following are noteworthy: the caudal rami in both sexes are about 2.6 times as long as wide, gradually tapering, with only 2 lateral setae inserted in proximal half; and the male leg 4 endopod is nearly as long as first exopodal segment, membranous, with lateral margins fringed with tiny spinules, and the hyaline structure is short, leaf-like and occurring close to, and overlapping, the endopod.
Recent revision of the family Parastenocarididae has revealed the existence of different monophyl... more Recent revision of the family Parastenocarididae has revealed the existence of different monophyletic groups within the repository genus Parastenocaris Kessler, 1913 sensu lato. Here, we redefine the genus Siolicaris Jakobi, 1972, arguing for its monophyly. All the hitherto known Neotropical species of Siolicaris and also the Indian Siolicaris sandhya (Ranga Reddy, 2001) comb. nov., which are redescribed herein, share what we consider to be a unique constellation of synapomorphies: in the female, thoracopod 3 enp is absent; in the male, thoracopod 4 enp is reduced; thoracopod 3 exp is robust, strongly incurved and with a very strong thumb, longer than apophysis; and in both sexes, thoracopod 5 is trapezoidal, with all the setigerous elements inserted on the very distal margin. In addition, the proximal position of furcal setae I–III together with the extreme reduction of seta II and the reduction or complete absence of the proximal-most seta on thoracopod 5 exp are other good indications, justifying the inclusion of Siolicaris within a broader group of Neotropical Parastenocarididae. The genus is probably of Gondwanan origin, with its known members distributed in the northern South America (Amazonian region) and southeastern India. Parastenocaris digitata Noodt, 1963a is treated here as a synonym of Siolicaris jakobi (Noodt, 1963a). Parastenocaris chelifer Delachaux, 1924 and Parastenocaris xyrophora Noodt & Galhano, 1969 are considered species inquirendae of the genus Siolicaris, pending their detailed redescription.
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a northeastern Indian state. This is the first Palearctic bathynellacean from India. It has very little in common with the hitherto known
tropical Bathynellidae Grobben, 1905 of India and other Gondwana landmasses, but it shows some close morphological relationships
with the Palearctic members of the subfamily Bathynellinae Grobben, 1905. It has a unique of constellation of characters: antennule
7-segmented, with 5 setae on segment 7; antennary endopod 5-segmented and perpendicular to antennule, and exopod without medial
seta; mandible sexually isomorphic with 3-segmented palp and distinct gnathobase; maxilla 4-segmented, setal formula 6-4-6-4; Th I-VII
with 4-segmented endopod; male Th VIII penile region consisting of 3 lobes, none of them denticulate, basis armed with 2 setae on inner
margin, exopod bent outwards and armed with 5 setae, and endopod absent; female Th VIII with large, biarticulate epipod, exopod and
endopod 1-segmented, with 2 setae each; pleopod I 2-segmented, with 6 setae on distal segment; uropodal sympod with 5 equal spines;
caudal furca with 4 spines; and pleotelson with 2 dorsal moderately strong setae. Of these characters, the male Th VIII lacking endopod
and the caudal furca having only four spines can be considered the autapomorphies of the new genus within in the subfamily Bathynellinae.
The position of the new taxon in Bathynellidae is discussed, and a brief note on its ecology and biogeography is also added.
from India. Habrobathynella borraensis n. sp. is described herein from the Borra Caves, southeastern India. This is the first cavernicolous
species of the genus. The species has a unique combination of characters: male Th VIII elongate, somewhat subquadrate in lateral views,
with both dentate and inner lobes moderately produced and reaching about the level of exopod; outer lobe thumb-like, much shorter than
basipod and fused with protopod; exopod distinct from basipod, claw-like, incurved in lateral views and with denticulate apical margin;
female Th VIII in the form of triangular lobe lying anteriorly; uropodal sympod with inhomonomous row of 4 spines, ultimate spine longer
and thicker than proximal ones; pleotelson protruded at postero-lateral angle and shorter than caudal furca; and maxilla with 1 normal
seta on first segment. The affinities of the new species with its congeners, especially Habrobathynella nagarjunai Ranga Reddy, 2002,
are briefly discussed. The paragnath morphology is illustrated afresh for seven of the eight Indian species, and its usefulness as a speciesspecific
criterion discussed. The length of the outer seta vs. the apical, inner seta of the uropodal exopod is also proposed as a new specific
feature. Furthermore, a brief note on the biogeography of the species of Habrobathynella is added
together with the extreme reduction of seta II and the reduction or complete absence of the proximal-most seta on thoracopod 5 exp are other good indications, justifying the inclusion of Siolicaris within a broader group of Neotropical Parastenocarididae. The genus is probably of Gondwanan origin, with its known members distributed in the northern South America (Amazonian region) and southeastern India. Parastenocaris digitata Noodt, 1963a is treated here as a synonym of Siolicaris jakobi (Noodt, 1963a). Parastenocaris chelifer Delachaux, 1924 and Parastenocaris xyrophora Noodt & Galhano, 1969 are considered species inquirendae of the genus Siolicaris, pending their detailed redescription.
a northeastern Indian state. This is the first Palearctic bathynellacean from India. It has very little in common with the hitherto known
tropical Bathynellidae Grobben, 1905 of India and other Gondwana landmasses, but it shows some close morphological relationships
with the Palearctic members of the subfamily Bathynellinae Grobben, 1905. It has a unique of constellation of characters: antennule
7-segmented, with 5 setae on segment 7; antennary endopod 5-segmented and perpendicular to antennule, and exopod without medial
seta; mandible sexually isomorphic with 3-segmented palp and distinct gnathobase; maxilla 4-segmented, setal formula 6-4-6-4; Th I-VII
with 4-segmented endopod; male Th VIII penile region consisting of 3 lobes, none of them denticulate, basis armed with 2 setae on inner
margin, exopod bent outwards and armed with 5 setae, and endopod absent; female Th VIII with large, biarticulate epipod, exopod and
endopod 1-segmented, with 2 setae each; pleopod I 2-segmented, with 6 setae on distal segment; uropodal sympod with 5 equal spines;
caudal furca with 4 spines; and pleotelson with 2 dorsal moderately strong setae. Of these characters, the male Th VIII lacking endopod
and the caudal furca having only four spines can be considered the autapomorphies of the new genus within in the subfamily Bathynellinae.
The position of the new taxon in Bathynellidae is discussed, and a brief note on its ecology and biogeography is also added.
from India. Habrobathynella borraensis n. sp. is described herein from the Borra Caves, southeastern India. This is the first cavernicolous
species of the genus. The species has a unique combination of characters: male Th VIII elongate, somewhat subquadrate in lateral views,
with both dentate and inner lobes moderately produced and reaching about the level of exopod; outer lobe thumb-like, much shorter than
basipod and fused with protopod; exopod distinct from basipod, claw-like, incurved in lateral views and with denticulate apical margin;
female Th VIII in the form of triangular lobe lying anteriorly; uropodal sympod with inhomonomous row of 4 spines, ultimate spine longer
and thicker than proximal ones; pleotelson protruded at postero-lateral angle and shorter than caudal furca; and maxilla with 1 normal
seta on first segment. The affinities of the new species with its congeners, especially Habrobathynella nagarjunai Ranga Reddy, 2002,
are briefly discussed. The paragnath morphology is illustrated afresh for seven of the eight Indian species, and its usefulness as a speciesspecific
criterion discussed. The length of the outer seta vs. the apical, inner seta of the uropodal exopod is also proposed as a new specific
feature. Furthermore, a brief note on the biogeography of the species of Habrobathynella is added
together with the extreme reduction of seta II and the reduction or complete absence of the proximal-most seta on thoracopod 5 exp are other good indications, justifying the inclusion of Siolicaris within a broader group of Neotropical Parastenocarididae. The genus is probably of Gondwanan origin, with its known members distributed in the northern South America (Amazonian region) and southeastern India. Parastenocaris digitata Noodt, 1963a is treated here as a synonym of Siolicaris jakobi (Noodt, 1963a). Parastenocaris chelifer Delachaux, 1924 and Parastenocaris xyrophora Noodt & Galhano, 1969 are considered species inquirendae of the genus Siolicaris, pending their detailed redescription.