Papers by Rajendra Dhungana
Human Dimensions of Wildlife, Jun 17, 2020
Developing countries must adjust wildlife conservation policies within a changing social context ... more Developing countries must adjust wildlife conservation policies within a changing social context and emerging economic demand. Nepal has achieved success in wildlife conservation through the establishment of a protected area network and the support of local people; however, trade-offs between conservation and development continue to be debated. In this article, we evaluated the developmental history of wildlife conservation policy in Nepal using the policy arrangement approach. Based on a policy analysis and literature review, we explored wildlife conservation policy from the dimensions of actors, discourses, rules, and resources. Conservation history of Nepal has shown discursive shifts and actor coalitions in policy arrangement, resulting in a policy transformation from restrictive conservation to participatory conservation. Through our analysis, we found that future policies should consider the development demand of the country and focus on sustainable financing for wildlife conservation in order to achieve sustainable solutions.
LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing eBooks, Mar 1, 2012
The conflict between human and wildlife is more pronounced in recent years mainly due to habitat ... more The conflict between human and wildlife is more pronounced in recent years mainly due to habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, urbanization, expansion of human settlements and execution of developmental projects. However, the conflicting species of wildlife and its area of damage varies with the different ecological zones of Nepal. The conflict in Himalayan areas is associated with the Snow Leopard. Shey Phoksundo, the largest National Park of Nepal represents the Trans Himalayan ecosystem and in the same time harbors the highest density of Snow leopard in the world. Unfortunately, the Park experiences acute human-Snow Leopard conflict incurring a significant losses of livestock each year. Prey base reduction, livestock depredation and habitat shrinkage are identified as the major causes of conflict. Implementation of livestock insurance scheme and prey conservation programs along with the improvement in livestock husbandry practice is crucial to minimize the level of conflict. This book will particularly be important for park managers, policy makers, researchers and students dealing with Human-Snow Leopard conflict.
Thesis (M.Sc., Ecology)--Prince of Songkla University, 201
Journal for Nature Conservation
Tropical Conservation Science, 2016
Human-tiger conflict is one of the most critical issues in tiger conservation, requiring a focus ... more Human-tiger conflict is one of the most critical issues in tiger conservation, requiring a focus on effective mitigation measures. We assessed the mitigation measures used between 2007 and 2014 in Chitwan National Park (CNP) and its buffer zone, which include: compensation payments made to human victims or their families, compensation for livestock loss through depredation, and the removal of tigers involved in conflicts. The data collected from the offices of CNP and the Buffer Zone Management Committee were triangulated during questionnaire surveys (n=83) and key informant interviews (n=13). A total compensation of US$ 93,618 ($11,702.3 per year) was paid for tiger attacks during the eight-year period. Of this, the majority (65%) was in payment for human killings, followed by payment for livestock depredations (29.3%) and for human injuries (5.7%). The payments on average covered 80.7% of medical expenses of injured persons, and 61.7% of the monetary value of killed livestock. Goa...
The conflict between human and wildlife is more pronounced in recent years mainly due to habitat ... more The conflict between human and wildlife is more pronounced in recent years mainly due to habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, urbanization, expansion of human settlements and execution of developmental projects. However, the conflicting species of wildlife and its area of damage varies with the different ecological zones of Nepal. The conflict in Himalayan areas is associated with the Snow Leopard. Shey Phoksundo, the largest National Park of Nepal represents the Trans Himalayan ecosystem and in the same time harbors the highest density of Snow leopard in the world. Unfortunately, the Park experiences acute human-Snow Leopard conflict incurring a significant losses of livestock each year. Prey base reduction, livestock depredation and habitat shrinkage are identified as the major causes of conflict. Implementation of livestock insurance scheme and prey conservation programs along with the improvement in livestock husbandry practice is crucial to minimize the level of conflict. This ...
Human Dimensions of Wildlife
Oryx, Apr 24, 2017
Human-tiger conflict arises when tigers Panthera tigris attack people or their livestock, and pos... more Human-tiger conflict arises when tigers Panthera tigris attack people or their livestock, and poses a significant threat to both tigers and people. To gain a greater understanding of such conflict we examined spatio-temporal patterns, correlates, causes and contexts of conflict in Chitwan National Park, Nepal, and its buffer zone, during -. Data, mostly from compensation applications, were collected from the Park office. Fifty-four human casualties ( fatalities, injuries) and incidents of livestock depredation were recorded, clustered in defined areas, with .% of human casualties occurring in the buffer zone and .% within km of the Park boundary. A linear model indicated there was a significant increase in human casualties during -. Livestock were killed in proportion to their relative availability, with goats suffering the highest depredation (%). There was a positive correlation between livestock depredation and National Park frontage (the length of Village Development Committee/ municipality boundary abutting the National Park), but not human population, livestock population, forest area in the buffer zone, rainfall or temperature. There was no relationship between tiger attacks on people and any of the correlates examined. Wild prey density was not correlated with conflict. Of the tigers removed because of conflict, .% were male. The majority of attacks on people occurred during accidental meetings (.%), mostly while people were collecting fodder or fuelwood (.%), and almost half (.%) occurred in the buffer zone forests. We recommend the use of the conflict map developed here in the prioritization of preventive measures, and that strategies to reduce conflict should include zoning enforcement, improvement of livestock husbandry, participatory tiger monitoring, an insurance scheme, and community awareness.
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Papers by Rajendra Dhungana