Papers by Radosław Pawlik
Szczecińskie Studia archiwalno-Historyczne , 2022
Księgozbiory parafialne
Szczecińskie Studia Archiwalno-Historyczne, 2020
The parochial church of St. Nicholas outside the walls of Kamień Pomorski was
a rural church. It... more The parochial church of St. Nicholas outside the walls of Kamień Pomorski was
a rural church. Its parish was vast and included the following villages: Buniewice (Bünnewitz), Chrząszczewo (Gristow), Grabowo (Grabow), Połchowo (Polchow) and Żółcino
(Soltin). In the Middle Ages and in the modern period, it had close relations with the cathedral chapter in Kamień Pomorski. The Kamień Pomorski chapter had the right of patronage over it. They had a decisive vote concerning the appointment of the parish priest. The
study presents the history of the St. Nicholas Church during the period of the Reformation.
Proclaiming the church and religious reform in Pomerania in 1534 initially did not cause
any major structural changes in the rural churches which were under the cathedral chapter
patronage. The situation changed significantly only in 1539 when the Kamień Pomorski
chapter adopted the resolutions of the Pomeranian Church Ordinance (1535) and thereby
became a Protestant institution. It initiated considerable religious changes also in the rural
parochial churches subject it. Since the cusp of the 30s and 40s of the 16th century, the parish and the St. Nicholas Church was managed by the Lutheran parish priests (pastors).
The first of them was Gregor Döring, who was earlier a catholic priest in the cathedral in
Kamień Pomorski. The article presents the information related to the first Protestant parish
priests in the 16th century who has not been recognised so far.
Szczecińskie Studia Archiwalno-Historyczne, 2021
Czasy Nowożytne, 2018
The app roach of the chapter in Kamień (Cammin
in Pomm ern) diocese toward Protestantism
and a re... more The app roach of the chapter in Kamień (Cammin
in Pomm ern) diocese toward Protestantism
and a restructuration of the Church in stitution
in the Duch y of Pomerani a until the mi d-16th century
Summary
The author presents an important, and so far not systematically researched, problem of
the approach of the chapter in Kamień diocese to Lutheranism and the Church reform introduced
1534/35 by dukes Barnim IX and Phillip I in the Duchy of Pomerania. Initially the
stance of the chapter to the Reformation was hostile supporting the activities of the Catholic
bishop Erasmus von Manteuffel (1521–1544) against first propagators of Luther’s doctrine.
However, already in the 1530s the approach of prelates and cannons to Lutheranism
was gradually changing. 1533 the chapter employed a first Lutheran preacher which shows
that the supporters of the Reformation already gained ground there. Despite this decision
the chapter opposed the Church reform introduced by the Pomeranian dukes and through
many years protested against the “Church Ordonnance” (Kercken Ordeninge) compiled by
Johannes Bugenhagen in 1535. Only under the ducal pressure it accepted the new regulations
in 1539. From this year forward the real head of the chapter was the superintendent of
Szczecin (Stettin) Paul vom Rode. After the demise of Erasmus von Manteuffel the chapter
elected as a new bishop Johannes Bugenhagen according to the will of the Pomeranian
dukes. Because Doctor Pomeranus did not accept the bishopric a Stettiner chancellor Bartholomäus
Suawe (1494–1566) became a new bishop who in October 1545 subordinated
to the ducal authority the territory so far remaining under the rule of Kaminer chapter. This
led to the emergence of the unitary Pomeranian Protestant Church. The Protestant reform
and all changes resulting from that had survived despite the policies by the next bishop of
Kamień Martin von Weiher (1549–1556).
Acta Cassubiana, 2017
The attitudes of clergies of the Cammin Chapter
from the eastern part of the Duchy of Pomerania-S... more The attitudes of clergies of the Cammin Chapter
from the eastern part of the Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin
towards the Reformation
SUMMARY
The objective of the article is to discuss the attitudes of prelates and canons originating
from the eastern part of the Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin towards the Reformation
and the reform of church relations in the land of the House of Griffins. The
article offers an insight into the career of selected local clergymen who ranked among
the members of the chapter following the proclamation of the church reform in the
Duchy of Pomerania in year 1534/1535. They were all appointed to the chapter by
dukes and would represent and uphold ducal interest and actively promote the
reform of church and religious relations they themselves initiated in the Duchy of
Pomerania. In view of the above determinations it is possible to situate them in the
ranks of Protestant clergymen of the Cathedral Chapter in Cammin. Furthermore,
a significant number of them were personally involved in implementation of the
church and religious reform by participating in church visits, which constituted, as
it was explicitly emphasized in the sources, the primary tool of the reconstruction
of church relations in the nation. A special attention should be also given to the fact
that the two first Protestant bishops in Cammin - Bartholomäus Suawe (1545-1549)
and Martin von Wejher (1549-1556), prior to their appointment to bishopric, were
members of the Cathedral Chapter and originated from the Kashubian linguistic
area.
Przegląd Zachodniopomorski
Obituary Notice of Eric I, Duke of Pomerania (1449–1459
In the Polish historiography the death da... more Obituary Notice of Eric I, Duke of Pomerania (1449–1459
In the Polish historiography the death date of Eric I, Duke of Pomerania (1449–1459),
differs from the one in the German historiography, and the difference has inspired the
author to write this article, which includes an obituary notice – so far unknown – concerning
the Duke. The notice has been found in the records of the Cathedral Chapter in
Kamień Pomorski (German: Cammin), which are kept in the State Archives in Szczecin.
More precisely, the notice is to be found on the first folio of one of the lists of the benefices
pertaining to the Cathedral Church in Kamień. Thanks to the notice the death date
of Eric I, one of the rulers of the states which were parts of the Kalmar Union, seems
not to have fallen – as most researchers assumed – between May 3 and June 16, 1459.
The obituary notice unmistakably indicates that the ruler must have died on May 23, 1459
in Darłowo, where he was also buried.
Bernard Sculteti (approx. 1455–1518) because of his services in the Holy See was not
an anonymous... more Bernard Sculteti (approx. 1455–1518) because of his services in the Holy See was not
an anonymous person. Polish historians noticed him mainly because of his relationships
with Nicholas Copernicus (Bernard Sculteti was his superior), although Polish historiography
paid more particular attention to this figure after the Second World War mainly thanks
to the latest publications of Teresa Borawska. The most surprising fact is that even though
he named himself as Cassubii and he came from Lêbork or its surroundings, he is completely
unknown for the Kashubian society and he was barely recorded in the current West
Pomeranian historiography.
The key event in the Bernard Sculteti’s career was his service for Roman Curia which
made possible for him to hold an office for Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503), Pope Pius III
(1503), Pope Julius II (1503–1513) and Pope Leo X (1513–1521). Important area of his
career was his work in favour of the hospital and brotherhood of Santa Maria dell’ Anima
which gathered German pilgrims who stayed in the Holy See. He was undoubtedly one of
the most important and influential person among those who belonged to so-called German
church community in Rome. These all functions mentioned above gave him the opportunity
to receive numerous church benefices in Gdañsk, Frombork, Magdeburg, Merseburg,
Lübeck, Roskilde, Szczecin, Tartu, Walbeck and Worms.
Przegląd Zachodniopomorski, 2015
Notaries of the Cathedral Chapter and their Functions
in the First Half of the 16th Century
Summa... more Notaries of the Cathedral Chapter and their Functions
in the First Half of the 16th Century
Summary
The main subject of this article is to catalogue the notaries employed in the chancellery
of the Cathedral Chapter in Kamień in the first half of the 16th century. The chronological
frame of the article is identical to the Chapter’s register, which includes the reports of
the Chapter’s meetings that took place between 1498 and 1569. The register is kept in the
State Archives in Szczecin.
The above mentioned reports are a source thanks to which it is possible to identify
ten notaries of the Cathedral Chapter in Kamień. They were recruited from outside the
body of the canons. Their reception usually took place at the general meeting on November 10th. Their main task was to run the documentation, among other things the records
of the Chapter’s meetings, the financial and economic registers, etc. The main notary
was – at the same time – rector of the Cathedral School.
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Papers by Radosław Pawlik
a rural church. Its parish was vast and included the following villages: Buniewice (Bünnewitz), Chrząszczewo (Gristow), Grabowo (Grabow), Połchowo (Polchow) and Żółcino
(Soltin). In the Middle Ages and in the modern period, it had close relations with the cathedral chapter in Kamień Pomorski. The Kamień Pomorski chapter had the right of patronage over it. They had a decisive vote concerning the appointment of the parish priest. The
study presents the history of the St. Nicholas Church during the period of the Reformation.
Proclaiming the church and religious reform in Pomerania in 1534 initially did not cause
any major structural changes in the rural churches which were under the cathedral chapter
patronage. The situation changed significantly only in 1539 when the Kamień Pomorski
chapter adopted the resolutions of the Pomeranian Church Ordinance (1535) and thereby
became a Protestant institution. It initiated considerable religious changes also in the rural
parochial churches subject it. Since the cusp of the 30s and 40s of the 16th century, the parish and the St. Nicholas Church was managed by the Lutheran parish priests (pastors).
The first of them was Gregor Döring, who was earlier a catholic priest in the cathedral in
Kamień Pomorski. The article presents the information related to the first Protestant parish
priests in the 16th century who has not been recognised so far.
in Pomm ern) diocese toward Protestantism
and a restructuration of the Church in stitution
in the Duch y of Pomerani a until the mi d-16th century
Summary
The author presents an important, and so far not systematically researched, problem of
the approach of the chapter in Kamień diocese to Lutheranism and the Church reform introduced
1534/35 by dukes Barnim IX and Phillip I in the Duchy of Pomerania. Initially the
stance of the chapter to the Reformation was hostile supporting the activities of the Catholic
bishop Erasmus von Manteuffel (1521–1544) against first propagators of Luther’s doctrine.
However, already in the 1530s the approach of prelates and cannons to Lutheranism
was gradually changing. 1533 the chapter employed a first Lutheran preacher which shows
that the supporters of the Reformation already gained ground there. Despite this decision
the chapter opposed the Church reform introduced by the Pomeranian dukes and through
many years protested against the “Church Ordonnance” (Kercken Ordeninge) compiled by
Johannes Bugenhagen in 1535. Only under the ducal pressure it accepted the new regulations
in 1539. From this year forward the real head of the chapter was the superintendent of
Szczecin (Stettin) Paul vom Rode. After the demise of Erasmus von Manteuffel the chapter
elected as a new bishop Johannes Bugenhagen according to the will of the Pomeranian
dukes. Because Doctor Pomeranus did not accept the bishopric a Stettiner chancellor Bartholomäus
Suawe (1494–1566) became a new bishop who in October 1545 subordinated
to the ducal authority the territory so far remaining under the rule of Kaminer chapter. This
led to the emergence of the unitary Pomeranian Protestant Church. The Protestant reform
and all changes resulting from that had survived despite the policies by the next bishop of
Kamień Martin von Weiher (1549–1556).
from the eastern part of the Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin
towards the Reformation
SUMMARY
The objective of the article is to discuss the attitudes of prelates and canons originating
from the eastern part of the Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin towards the Reformation
and the reform of church relations in the land of the House of Griffins. The
article offers an insight into the career of selected local clergymen who ranked among
the members of the chapter following the proclamation of the church reform in the
Duchy of Pomerania in year 1534/1535. They were all appointed to the chapter by
dukes and would represent and uphold ducal interest and actively promote the
reform of church and religious relations they themselves initiated in the Duchy of
Pomerania. In view of the above determinations it is possible to situate them in the
ranks of Protestant clergymen of the Cathedral Chapter in Cammin. Furthermore,
a significant number of them were personally involved in implementation of the
church and religious reform by participating in church visits, which constituted, as
it was explicitly emphasized in the sources, the primary tool of the reconstruction
of church relations in the nation. A special attention should be also given to the fact
that the two first Protestant bishops in Cammin - Bartholomäus Suawe (1545-1549)
and Martin von Wejher (1549-1556), prior to their appointment to bishopric, were
members of the Cathedral Chapter and originated from the Kashubian linguistic
area.
In the Polish historiography the death date of Eric I, Duke of Pomerania (1449–1459),
differs from the one in the German historiography, and the difference has inspired the
author to write this article, which includes an obituary notice – so far unknown – concerning
the Duke. The notice has been found in the records of the Cathedral Chapter in
Kamień Pomorski (German: Cammin), which are kept in the State Archives in Szczecin.
More precisely, the notice is to be found on the first folio of one of the lists of the benefices
pertaining to the Cathedral Church in Kamień. Thanks to the notice the death date
of Eric I, one of the rulers of the states which were parts of the Kalmar Union, seems
not to have fallen – as most researchers assumed – between May 3 and June 16, 1459.
The obituary notice unmistakably indicates that the ruler must have died on May 23, 1459
in Darłowo, where he was also buried.
an anonymous person. Polish historians noticed him mainly because of his relationships
with Nicholas Copernicus (Bernard Sculteti was his superior), although Polish historiography
paid more particular attention to this figure after the Second World War mainly thanks
to the latest publications of Teresa Borawska. The most surprising fact is that even though
he named himself as Cassubii and he came from Lêbork or its surroundings, he is completely
unknown for the Kashubian society and he was barely recorded in the current West
Pomeranian historiography.
The key event in the Bernard Sculteti’s career was his service for Roman Curia which
made possible for him to hold an office for Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503), Pope Pius III
(1503), Pope Julius II (1503–1513) and Pope Leo X (1513–1521). Important area of his
career was his work in favour of the hospital and brotherhood of Santa Maria dell’ Anima
which gathered German pilgrims who stayed in the Holy See. He was undoubtedly one of
the most important and influential person among those who belonged to so-called German
church community in Rome. These all functions mentioned above gave him the opportunity
to receive numerous church benefices in Gdañsk, Frombork, Magdeburg, Merseburg,
Lübeck, Roskilde, Szczecin, Tartu, Walbeck and Worms.
in the First Half of the 16th Century
Summary
The main subject of this article is to catalogue the notaries employed in the chancellery
of the Cathedral Chapter in Kamień in the first half of the 16th century. The chronological
frame of the article is identical to the Chapter’s register, which includes the reports of
the Chapter’s meetings that took place between 1498 and 1569. The register is kept in the
State Archives in Szczecin.
The above mentioned reports are a source thanks to which it is possible to identify
ten notaries of the Cathedral Chapter in Kamień. They were recruited from outside the
body of the canons. Their reception usually took place at the general meeting on November 10th. Their main task was to run the documentation, among other things the records
of the Chapter’s meetings, the financial and economic registers, etc. The main notary
was – at the same time – rector of the Cathedral School.
a rural church. Its parish was vast and included the following villages: Buniewice (Bünnewitz), Chrząszczewo (Gristow), Grabowo (Grabow), Połchowo (Polchow) and Żółcino
(Soltin). In the Middle Ages and in the modern period, it had close relations with the cathedral chapter in Kamień Pomorski. The Kamień Pomorski chapter had the right of patronage over it. They had a decisive vote concerning the appointment of the parish priest. The
study presents the history of the St. Nicholas Church during the period of the Reformation.
Proclaiming the church and religious reform in Pomerania in 1534 initially did not cause
any major structural changes in the rural churches which were under the cathedral chapter
patronage. The situation changed significantly only in 1539 when the Kamień Pomorski
chapter adopted the resolutions of the Pomeranian Church Ordinance (1535) and thereby
became a Protestant institution. It initiated considerable religious changes also in the rural
parochial churches subject it. Since the cusp of the 30s and 40s of the 16th century, the parish and the St. Nicholas Church was managed by the Lutheran parish priests (pastors).
The first of them was Gregor Döring, who was earlier a catholic priest in the cathedral in
Kamień Pomorski. The article presents the information related to the first Protestant parish
priests in the 16th century who has not been recognised so far.
in Pomm ern) diocese toward Protestantism
and a restructuration of the Church in stitution
in the Duch y of Pomerani a until the mi d-16th century
Summary
The author presents an important, and so far not systematically researched, problem of
the approach of the chapter in Kamień diocese to Lutheranism and the Church reform introduced
1534/35 by dukes Barnim IX and Phillip I in the Duchy of Pomerania. Initially the
stance of the chapter to the Reformation was hostile supporting the activities of the Catholic
bishop Erasmus von Manteuffel (1521–1544) against first propagators of Luther’s doctrine.
However, already in the 1530s the approach of prelates and cannons to Lutheranism
was gradually changing. 1533 the chapter employed a first Lutheran preacher which shows
that the supporters of the Reformation already gained ground there. Despite this decision
the chapter opposed the Church reform introduced by the Pomeranian dukes and through
many years protested against the “Church Ordonnance” (Kercken Ordeninge) compiled by
Johannes Bugenhagen in 1535. Only under the ducal pressure it accepted the new regulations
in 1539. From this year forward the real head of the chapter was the superintendent of
Szczecin (Stettin) Paul vom Rode. After the demise of Erasmus von Manteuffel the chapter
elected as a new bishop Johannes Bugenhagen according to the will of the Pomeranian
dukes. Because Doctor Pomeranus did not accept the bishopric a Stettiner chancellor Bartholomäus
Suawe (1494–1566) became a new bishop who in October 1545 subordinated
to the ducal authority the territory so far remaining under the rule of Kaminer chapter. This
led to the emergence of the unitary Pomeranian Protestant Church. The Protestant reform
and all changes resulting from that had survived despite the policies by the next bishop of
Kamień Martin von Weiher (1549–1556).
from the eastern part of the Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin
towards the Reformation
SUMMARY
The objective of the article is to discuss the attitudes of prelates and canons originating
from the eastern part of the Duchy of Pomerania-Stettin towards the Reformation
and the reform of church relations in the land of the House of Griffins. The
article offers an insight into the career of selected local clergymen who ranked among
the members of the chapter following the proclamation of the church reform in the
Duchy of Pomerania in year 1534/1535. They were all appointed to the chapter by
dukes and would represent and uphold ducal interest and actively promote the
reform of church and religious relations they themselves initiated in the Duchy of
Pomerania. In view of the above determinations it is possible to situate them in the
ranks of Protestant clergymen of the Cathedral Chapter in Cammin. Furthermore,
a significant number of them were personally involved in implementation of the
church and religious reform by participating in church visits, which constituted, as
it was explicitly emphasized in the sources, the primary tool of the reconstruction
of church relations in the nation. A special attention should be also given to the fact
that the two first Protestant bishops in Cammin - Bartholomäus Suawe (1545-1549)
and Martin von Wejher (1549-1556), prior to their appointment to bishopric, were
members of the Cathedral Chapter and originated from the Kashubian linguistic
area.
In the Polish historiography the death date of Eric I, Duke of Pomerania (1449–1459),
differs from the one in the German historiography, and the difference has inspired the
author to write this article, which includes an obituary notice – so far unknown – concerning
the Duke. The notice has been found in the records of the Cathedral Chapter in
Kamień Pomorski (German: Cammin), which are kept in the State Archives in Szczecin.
More precisely, the notice is to be found on the first folio of one of the lists of the benefices
pertaining to the Cathedral Church in Kamień. Thanks to the notice the death date
of Eric I, one of the rulers of the states which were parts of the Kalmar Union, seems
not to have fallen – as most researchers assumed – between May 3 and June 16, 1459.
The obituary notice unmistakably indicates that the ruler must have died on May 23, 1459
in Darłowo, where he was also buried.
an anonymous person. Polish historians noticed him mainly because of his relationships
with Nicholas Copernicus (Bernard Sculteti was his superior), although Polish historiography
paid more particular attention to this figure after the Second World War mainly thanks
to the latest publications of Teresa Borawska. The most surprising fact is that even though
he named himself as Cassubii and he came from Lêbork or its surroundings, he is completely
unknown for the Kashubian society and he was barely recorded in the current West
Pomeranian historiography.
The key event in the Bernard Sculteti’s career was his service for Roman Curia which
made possible for him to hold an office for Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503), Pope Pius III
(1503), Pope Julius II (1503–1513) and Pope Leo X (1513–1521). Important area of his
career was his work in favour of the hospital and brotherhood of Santa Maria dell’ Anima
which gathered German pilgrims who stayed in the Holy See. He was undoubtedly one of
the most important and influential person among those who belonged to so-called German
church community in Rome. These all functions mentioned above gave him the opportunity
to receive numerous church benefices in Gdañsk, Frombork, Magdeburg, Merseburg,
Lübeck, Roskilde, Szczecin, Tartu, Walbeck and Worms.
in the First Half of the 16th Century
Summary
The main subject of this article is to catalogue the notaries employed in the chancellery
of the Cathedral Chapter in Kamień in the first half of the 16th century. The chronological
frame of the article is identical to the Chapter’s register, which includes the reports of
the Chapter’s meetings that took place between 1498 and 1569. The register is kept in the
State Archives in Szczecin.
The above mentioned reports are a source thanks to which it is possible to identify
ten notaries of the Cathedral Chapter in Kamień. They were recruited from outside the
body of the canons. Their reception usually took place at the general meeting on November 10th. Their main task was to run the documentation, among other things the records
of the Chapter’s meetings, the financial and economic registers, etc. The main notary
was – at the same time – rector of the Cathedral School.