Sufi shrines hold great importance in Pakistani society. Followers of the shrines consider it sac... more Sufi shrines hold great importance in Pakistani society. Followers of the shrines consider it sacred place and they perform different rituals there. The role of Sufis has been considered as intermediary who lead towards the path of God and success. Present study deployed qualitative research technique whereby data was drawn from 19 in-depth interviews at the Hazrat Mian Mir's Shrine in Lahore. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the people have strong belief upon the blessings of Sufis and they visit shrine to fulfill their social, economic, physical, and spiritual needs. They believed that the late Sufis of shrine could listen, correspond and help them in multiple ways. However, some people thought otherwise. They believed the Sufi of shrine as pious ones but they did not believe upon the intermediary role of Sufis between human beings and Allah. Perceptions about myths and superstitions varied with regard to gender and level of education but majority of visitors did not believe in myths and superstitions.
Background: Child marriage (<18 years) is prevalent in Pakistan which is associated with negative... more Background: Child marriage (<18 years) is prevalent in Pakistan which is associated with negative health outcomes including intimate partner violence (IPV). Our aim is to describe the types and circumstances of IPV against women who were married as children in urban slums of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: Women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were married prior to 18 years, for at least 5 years were recruited from most populous slum areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Themes for the interview guide were developed using published literature and everyday observations of the researchers. Interviews were conducted by trained interviewers in Urdu language and were translated into English. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, analyzed and categorized into themes. Results: All 19 participants were married between 11 and 17 years. Most respondents were uneducated, poor and were working as housemaids. Majority of participants experienced verbal abuse, and threatened, attempted and completed physical violence by their husbands. A sizeable number of women reported unwanted sexual encounters by their husbands. Family affairs particularly issues with in-laws, poor house management, lack of proper care of children, bringing insufficient dowry, financial problems, an act against the will of husband, and inability to give birth to a male child were some of the reasons narrated by the participants which led to IPV against women. Conclusions: Women married as children are vulnerable to IPV. Concerted efforts are needed from all sectors of society including academia, public health experts, policy makers and civil society to end the child marriage practice in Pakistan.
Background: Child marriage (<18 years) is prevalent in Pakistan which is associated with negative... more Background: Child marriage (<18 years) is prevalent in Pakistan which is associated with negative health outcomes. Our aim is to describe women's knowledge and attitude towards child marriage practice who themselves were married as children. Methods: Women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were married prior to 18 years, for at least 5 years and had at least one child birth were recruited from most populous slum areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Themes for the interview were developed using published literature and everyday observations of the researchers. Interviews were conducted by trained interviewers in Urdu language and were translated into English. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, analyzed and categorized into themes. Results: Nineteen of 20 participants who agreed to participate were married between 11-17 years. Most respondents were uneducated, poor and were working as housemaids. The majority participants were unaware of the negative health outcomes of child marriages. They appeared satisfied by the decision of their parents of marrying them before 18 years, and even condemned banning child marriages in Pakistan. Strong influence of culture and community perceptions, varying interpretation of religion, and protecting family honor are some of the reasons that were narrated by the participants, which seems playing a role in continuation of child marriage practice in Pakistan. Conclusion: Raising awareness of the negative health outcomes of child marriage, implementing and enforcing strict laws against child marriage practice, promoting civil, sexual and reproductive health rights for women, can help eliminate child marriages in Pakistan.
The study of hydromagnetic mixed convection flow of viscoelastic fluid caused by a vertical stret... more The study of hydromagnetic mixed convection flow of viscoelastic fluid caused by a vertical stretched surface is presented in this paper. According to this theory, the stretching velocity varies as a power function of the displacement from the slot. The conservation of energy equation includes thermal radiation and viscous dissipation to support the mechanical operations of the heat transfer mechanism. Through the use of an adequate and sufficient similarity transformation for a nonlinearly stretching sheet, the boundary layer equations governing the flow issue are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations. The Keller box technique is then used to numerically solve the altered equations. To comprehend the physical circumstances of stretching sheets for variations of the governing parameters, numerical simulations are made. The influence and characteristic behaviours of physical parameters were portrayed graphically for the velocity field and temperature distributions. ...
Since obtaining an analytic solution to some mathematical and physical problems is often very dif... more Since obtaining an analytic solution to some mathematical and physical problems is often very difficult, academics in recent years have focused their efforts on treating these problems using numerical methods. In science and engineering, systems of integral differential equations and their solutions are extremely important. The Taylor collocation method is described as a matrix approach for solving numerically Linear Differential Equations (LDE) by using truncated Taylor series. Integral equations are used to solve problems such as radiative transmission and the oscillation of a string, membrane, or axle. Differential equations can be used to tackle oscillating difficulties. To discover approximate solutions for linear systems of integral differential equations with variable coefficients in terms of Taylor polynomials, the collocation approach, which is offered for differential and integral equation solutions, will be developed. A system of LDE will be translated into matrix equatio...
In solar heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), communications are designed to create... more In solar heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), communications are designed to create new 3D mathematical models that address the flow of rotating Sutterby hybrid nanofluids exposed to slippery and expandable seats. The heat transmission investigation included effects such as copper and graphene oxide nanoparticles, as well as thermal radiative fluxing. The activation energy effect was used to investigate mass transfer with fluid concentration. The boundary constraints utilized were Maxwell speed and Smoluchowksi temperature slippage. With the utilization of fitting changes, partial differential equations (PDEs) for impetus, energy, and concentricity can be decreased to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To address dimensionless ODEs, MATLAB’s Keller box numerical technique was employed. Graphene oxide Copper/engine oil (GO-Cu/EO) is taken into consideration to address the performance analysis of the current study. Physical attributes, for example, surface drag coef...
Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials
Current research underscores entropy investigation in an infiltrating mode of Sutterby nanofluid ... more Current research underscores entropy investigation in an infiltrating mode of Sutterby nanofluid (SNF) stream past a dramatically expanding flat plate that highlights Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTSC). Satisfactory likeness factors are utilized to change halfway differential conditions (PDEs) to nonlinear conventional differential conditions (ODEs) along with relating limit requirements. A productive Keller-box system is locked in to achieve approximated arrangement of decreased conventional differential conditions. In the review, two sorts of nanofluids including Copper-sodium alginate (Cu-SA) and Gold-sodium alginate (Au-SA) are dissected. Results are graphically plotted as well as talked about in actual viewpoints. As indicated by key discoveries, an improvement in Brinkmann, as well as Reynolds number, brings about expanding the general framework entropy. Sutterby nanofluid boundary improves heat rate in PTSC. Additionally, Copper-sodium alginate nanofluid is detected as a...
Arterial stenosis is a common cardiovascular disease that restricts blood flow. A stenotic blood ... more Arterial stenosis is a common cardiovascular disease that restricts blood flow. A stenotic blood vessel creates tangent stress pressure, which lessens the arterial side and causes an aneurysm. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate blood flowing via an inclination pipe with stricture and expansion after stricture (widening) underneath the influence of a constant incompressible Casson liquid flowing with the magnetism field. The relations for surface shearing stress, pressure drop, flow resistance, and velocity are calculated analytically by applying a mild stenosis approximation. The effect of different physical characteristics on liquid impedance to flowing, velocity, and surface shearing stress are studied. With a non-Newtonian aspect of the Casson liquid, the surface shearing stress declines, and an impedance upturn. Side resistivity and shear-stress increase with the elevations of stricture, whilst together decreasing with a dilatation height.
The purpose of this article is to investigate the mass and heat transport phenomena associated wi... more The purpose of this article is to investigate the mass and heat transport phenomena associated with micropolar fluid flow created by a vertically stretched Riga surface. This is constructed using an array of irregular electrodes and permanent magnets that are oriented spanwise. Additionally, we investigate the particles’ micro rotational impacts. Furthermore, the flow behaviour of the modeled problem has been numerically calculated with bvp4c solver and the obtained results are presented graphically. Numerical data are used to illustrate physical parameters such as skin friction, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers. For precise values of different flow parameters, the characteristics of fluid velocity, angular velocity, temperature, and concentration gradients are investigated graphically. The flowing parallel to the Riga plate in a positive x–path is aided by Lorentz forces introduced into the flowing simulation by the electro-magnetic poles of the Riga plate, which produces a rapidity g...
There are flow research centers on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) emission of auxiliary liquid in an e... more There are flow research centers on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) emission of auxiliary liquid in an extended region. The prevailing model is constrained by attractions/infusion and gooey release. The administering model is based on the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li nanofluid model in the existence of entropy generation. Final requirements of this model are addressed by implementing the shooting strategy, which incorporates a fourth approach for the Runge–Kutta strategy. Into the bargain, the last adds (in standard ordinary differential equations (ODE) divisions) are obtained from the measurable controls partial differential equations, which were represented toward the start of the overseeing model. The varieties for all boundaries are exhibited through graphical arrangements. It is noticed that expanding the substantial volume portion diminishes speed but builds nuclear power dispersion. Likewise, the classification of mathematical qualities on divider heat move rate and skin contact is introduce...
The mathematical modeling of hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer with entropy generation towa... more The mathematical modeling of hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer with entropy generation toward parabolic trough surface collector (PTSC) inside the solar-powered ship (SPS) is performed. The mathematical model used non-Newtonian Oldroyd-B model amidst a constant inclined magnetic field influence is being considered. The mathematical model is then reduced by adopting appropriate similarity transformation into a higher-order nonlinear differential equations system. The reduced model is computed using the well-known technique called the Keller Box scheme. Physical parameters effectiveness, for instance, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, hybrid nanoparticles, and Joule heating, is displayed in graphs. The silver-ethylene glycol (Ag-EG) characteristic performance outperformed the silver-magnetite-ethylene glycol (Ag-Fe3O4/EG). The maximum efficiency of Ag-EG is about 26.3%, while the minimum is at least 5.6%.
Acyclic Kragujevac network is denoted by K ; K ∈ K g q = r 2 s + 1 + 1 , r . In this article, we ... more Acyclic Kragujevac network is denoted by K ; K ∈ K g q = r 2 s + 1 + 1 , r . In this article, we have taken a deep look at some of the topological properties of the semitotal-point graph as well as its line structure by computing some algebraic polynomials. Few degree-dependent chemical invariants that can primarily be obtained via these algebraic expressions are also put forward.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science
In this study, an incompressible, steady, and magnetohydrodynamic flow of Buongiorno nanofluid th... more In this study, an incompressible, steady, and magnetohydrodynamic flow of Buongiorno nanofluid through a stretchable surface has been analyzed by adopting a theoretical and numerical approach. This paper involves the impacts of buoyancy forces, thermal conductivity, chemically diffusion, and Arrhenius activation energy. Moreover, the influence of the suspension of gyrotactic microorganisms in the nanofluids is also a part of this study. It is assumed that the behavior of viscosity varies as a function of time and the suspension of microorganisms remain consistent throughout the study. A system of PDEs is reduced to a solvable system of ODEs by applying a suitable similarity transformation. For the sake of numerical solutions, the shooting method has been employed. Wolfram Mathematica has been used to deal with the BVP. In addition, the behaviors of different emerging parameters comprising velocity outline, temperature outline, concentration distribution, the density outline of gyrot...
A mathematical model of 2D-double diffusive layer flow model of boundary in MHD Maxwell fluid cre... more A mathematical model of 2D-double diffusive layer flow model of boundary in MHD Maxwell fluid created by a sloping slope surface is constructed in this paper. The numerical findings of non-Newtonian fluid are important to the chemical processing industry, mining industry, plastics processing industry, as well as lubrication and biomedical flows. The diversity of regulatory parameters like buoyancy rate, magnetic field, mixed convection, absorption, Brownian motion, thermophoretic diffusion, Deborah number, Lewis number, Prandtl number, Soret number, as well as Dufour number contributes significant impact on the current model. The steps of research methodology are as followed: a) conversion from a separate matrix (PDE) to standard divisive calculations (ODEs), b) Final ODEs are solved in bvp4c program, which developed in MATLAB software, c) The stability analysis part also being developed in bvp4c program, to select the most effective solution in the real liquid state. Lastly, the nu...
Solar collectors absorb solar radiation at the focus of solar concentrating systems as heat energ... more Solar collectors absorb solar radiation at the focus of solar concentrating systems as heat energy which is further transferred to nanofluid. Entropy creation in Maxwell nanofluid flow over an infinite horizontal surface of a porous media is the subject of the current investigation. A non-linear stretching surface then induces a parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) flow. The thermal boundary layer is studied using a modified version of Buongiorno's Model. As a result, the PDEs, which encompass the physical aspects of the issue, must be transformed into solvable and boundary-constrained ODEs. By using a proper similarity transformation, boundary conditions and partial differential expressions are reduced to a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The Keller box method is used to find approximate solutions to ODEs. Tests are carried out on a nanofluid known as Copper-engine oil (Cu-EO). The Nusselt number was lowered, but the skin friction coefficient was increased...
Sufi shrines hold great importance in Pakistani society. Followers of the shrines consider it sac... more Sufi shrines hold great importance in Pakistani society. Followers of the shrines consider it sacred place and they perform different rituals there. The role of Sufis has been considered as intermediary who lead towards the path of God and success. Present study deployed qualitative research technique whereby data was drawn from 19 in-depth interviews at the Hazrat Mian Mir's Shrine in Lahore. Findings of the study revealed that majority of the people have strong belief upon the blessings of Sufis and they visit shrine to fulfill their social, economic, physical, and spiritual needs. They believed that the late Sufis of shrine could listen, correspond and help them in multiple ways. However, some people thought otherwise. They believed the Sufi of shrine as pious ones but they did not believe upon the intermediary role of Sufis between human beings and Allah. Perceptions about myths and superstitions varied with regard to gender and level of education but majority of visitors did not believe in myths and superstitions.
Background: Child marriage (<18 years) is prevalent in Pakistan which is associated with negative... more Background: Child marriage (<18 years) is prevalent in Pakistan which is associated with negative health outcomes including intimate partner violence (IPV). Our aim is to describe the types and circumstances of IPV against women who were married as children in urban slums of Lahore, Pakistan. Methods: Women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were married prior to 18 years, for at least 5 years were recruited from most populous slum areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Themes for the interview guide were developed using published literature and everyday observations of the researchers. Interviews were conducted by trained interviewers in Urdu language and were translated into English. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, analyzed and categorized into themes. Results: All 19 participants were married between 11 and 17 years. Most respondents were uneducated, poor and were working as housemaids. Majority of participants experienced verbal abuse, and threatened, attempted and completed physical violence by their husbands. A sizeable number of women reported unwanted sexual encounters by their husbands. Family affairs particularly issues with in-laws, poor house management, lack of proper care of children, bringing insufficient dowry, financial problems, an act against the will of husband, and inability to give birth to a male child were some of the reasons narrated by the participants which led to IPV against women. Conclusions: Women married as children are vulnerable to IPV. Concerted efforts are needed from all sectors of society including academia, public health experts, policy makers and civil society to end the child marriage practice in Pakistan.
Background: Child marriage (<18 years) is prevalent in Pakistan which is associated with negative... more Background: Child marriage (<18 years) is prevalent in Pakistan which is associated with negative health outcomes. Our aim is to describe women's knowledge and attitude towards child marriage practice who themselves were married as children. Methods: Women of reproductive age (15-49 years) who were married prior to 18 years, for at least 5 years and had at least one child birth were recruited from most populous slum areas of Lahore, Pakistan. Themes for the interview were developed using published literature and everyday observations of the researchers. Interviews were conducted by trained interviewers in Urdu language and were translated into English. The interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed, analyzed and categorized into themes. Results: Nineteen of 20 participants who agreed to participate were married between 11-17 years. Most respondents were uneducated, poor and were working as housemaids. The majority participants were unaware of the negative health outcomes of child marriages. They appeared satisfied by the decision of their parents of marrying them before 18 years, and even condemned banning child marriages in Pakistan. Strong influence of culture and community perceptions, varying interpretation of religion, and protecting family honor are some of the reasons that were narrated by the participants, which seems playing a role in continuation of child marriage practice in Pakistan. Conclusion: Raising awareness of the negative health outcomes of child marriage, implementing and enforcing strict laws against child marriage practice, promoting civil, sexual and reproductive health rights for women, can help eliminate child marriages in Pakistan.
The study of hydromagnetic mixed convection flow of viscoelastic fluid caused by a vertical stret... more The study of hydromagnetic mixed convection flow of viscoelastic fluid caused by a vertical stretched surface is presented in this paper. According to this theory, the stretching velocity varies as a power function of the displacement from the slot. The conservation of energy equation includes thermal radiation and viscous dissipation to support the mechanical operations of the heat transfer mechanism. Through the use of an adequate and sufficient similarity transformation for a nonlinearly stretching sheet, the boundary layer equations governing the flow issue are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations. The Keller box technique is then used to numerically solve the altered equations. To comprehend the physical circumstances of stretching sheets for variations of the governing parameters, numerical simulations are made. The influence and characteristic behaviours of physical parameters were portrayed graphically for the velocity field and temperature distributions. ...
Since obtaining an analytic solution to some mathematical and physical problems is often very dif... more Since obtaining an analytic solution to some mathematical and physical problems is often very difficult, academics in recent years have focused their efforts on treating these problems using numerical methods. In science and engineering, systems of integral differential equations and their solutions are extremely important. The Taylor collocation method is described as a matrix approach for solving numerically Linear Differential Equations (LDE) by using truncated Taylor series. Integral equations are used to solve problems such as radiative transmission and the oscillation of a string, membrane, or axle. Differential equations can be used to tackle oscillating difficulties. To discover approximate solutions for linear systems of integral differential equations with variable coefficients in terms of Taylor polynomials, the collocation approach, which is offered for differential and integral equation solutions, will be developed. A system of LDE will be translated into matrix equatio...
In solar heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), communications are designed to create... more In solar heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC), communications are designed to create new 3D mathematical models that address the flow of rotating Sutterby hybrid nanofluids exposed to slippery and expandable seats. The heat transmission investigation included effects such as copper and graphene oxide nanoparticles, as well as thermal radiative fluxing. The activation energy effect was used to investigate mass transfer with fluid concentration. The boundary constraints utilized were Maxwell speed and Smoluchowksi temperature slippage. With the utilization of fitting changes, partial differential equations (PDEs) for impetus, energy, and concentricity can be decreased to ordinary differential equations (ODEs). To address dimensionless ODEs, MATLAB’s Keller box numerical technique was employed. Graphene oxide Copper/engine oil (GO-Cu/EO) is taken into consideration to address the performance analysis of the current study. Physical attributes, for example, surface drag coef...
Journal of Applied Biomaterials & Functional Materials
Current research underscores entropy investigation in an infiltrating mode of Sutterby nanofluid ... more Current research underscores entropy investigation in an infiltrating mode of Sutterby nanofluid (SNF) stream past a dramatically expanding flat plate that highlights Parabolic Trough Solar Collector (PTSC). Satisfactory likeness factors are utilized to change halfway differential conditions (PDEs) to nonlinear conventional differential conditions (ODEs) along with relating limit requirements. A productive Keller-box system is locked in to achieve approximated arrangement of decreased conventional differential conditions. In the review, two sorts of nanofluids including Copper-sodium alginate (Cu-SA) and Gold-sodium alginate (Au-SA) are dissected. Results are graphically plotted as well as talked about in actual viewpoints. As indicated by key discoveries, an improvement in Brinkmann, as well as Reynolds number, brings about expanding the general framework entropy. Sutterby nanofluid boundary improves heat rate in PTSC. Additionally, Copper-sodium alginate nanofluid is detected as a...
Arterial stenosis is a common cardiovascular disease that restricts blood flow. A stenotic blood ... more Arterial stenosis is a common cardiovascular disease that restricts blood flow. A stenotic blood vessel creates tangent stress pressure, which lessens the arterial side and causes an aneurysm. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate blood flowing via an inclination pipe with stricture and expansion after stricture (widening) underneath the influence of a constant incompressible Casson liquid flowing with the magnetism field. The relations for surface shearing stress, pressure drop, flow resistance, and velocity are calculated analytically by applying a mild stenosis approximation. The effect of different physical characteristics on liquid impedance to flowing, velocity, and surface shearing stress are studied. With a non-Newtonian aspect of the Casson liquid, the surface shearing stress declines, and an impedance upturn. Side resistivity and shear-stress increase with the elevations of stricture, whilst together decreasing with a dilatation height.
The purpose of this article is to investigate the mass and heat transport phenomena associated wi... more The purpose of this article is to investigate the mass and heat transport phenomena associated with micropolar fluid flow created by a vertically stretched Riga surface. This is constructed using an array of irregular electrodes and permanent magnets that are oriented spanwise. Additionally, we investigate the particles’ micro rotational impacts. Furthermore, the flow behaviour of the modeled problem has been numerically calculated with bvp4c solver and the obtained results are presented graphically. Numerical data are used to illustrate physical parameters such as skin friction, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers. For precise values of different flow parameters, the characteristics of fluid velocity, angular velocity, temperature, and concentration gradients are investigated graphically. The flowing parallel to the Riga plate in a positive x–path is aided by Lorentz forces introduced into the flowing simulation by the electro-magnetic poles of the Riga plate, which produces a rapidity g...
There are flow research centers on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) emission of auxiliary liquid in an e... more There are flow research centers on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) emission of auxiliary liquid in an extended region. The prevailing model is constrained by attractions/infusion and gooey release. The administering model is based on the Koo–Kleinstreuer–Li nanofluid model in the existence of entropy generation. Final requirements of this model are addressed by implementing the shooting strategy, which incorporates a fourth approach for the Runge–Kutta strategy. Into the bargain, the last adds (in standard ordinary differential equations (ODE) divisions) are obtained from the measurable controls partial differential equations, which were represented toward the start of the overseeing model. The varieties for all boundaries are exhibited through graphical arrangements. It is noticed that expanding the substantial volume portion diminishes speed but builds nuclear power dispersion. Likewise, the classification of mathematical qualities on divider heat move rate and skin contact is introduce...
The mathematical modeling of hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer with entropy generation towa... more The mathematical modeling of hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer with entropy generation toward parabolic trough surface collector (PTSC) inside the solar-powered ship (SPS) is performed. The mathematical model used non-Newtonian Oldroyd-B model amidst a constant inclined magnetic field influence is being considered. The mathematical model is then reduced by adopting appropriate similarity transformation into a higher-order nonlinear differential equations system. The reduced model is computed using the well-known technique called the Keller Box scheme. Physical parameters effectiveness, for instance, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, hybrid nanoparticles, and Joule heating, is displayed in graphs. The silver-ethylene glycol (Ag-EG) characteristic performance outperformed the silver-magnetite-ethylene glycol (Ag-Fe3O4/EG). The maximum efficiency of Ag-EG is about 26.3%, while the minimum is at least 5.6%.
Acyclic Kragujevac network is denoted by K ; K ∈ K g q = r 2 s + 1 + 1 , r . In this article, we ... more Acyclic Kragujevac network is denoted by K ; K ∈ K g q = r 2 s + 1 + 1 , r . In this article, we have taken a deep look at some of the topological properties of the semitotal-point graph as well as its line structure by computing some algebraic polynomials. Few degree-dependent chemical invariants that can primarily be obtained via these algebraic expressions are also put forward.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science
In this study, an incompressible, steady, and magnetohydrodynamic flow of Buongiorno nanofluid th... more In this study, an incompressible, steady, and magnetohydrodynamic flow of Buongiorno nanofluid through a stretchable surface has been analyzed by adopting a theoretical and numerical approach. This paper involves the impacts of buoyancy forces, thermal conductivity, chemically diffusion, and Arrhenius activation energy. Moreover, the influence of the suspension of gyrotactic microorganisms in the nanofluids is also a part of this study. It is assumed that the behavior of viscosity varies as a function of time and the suspension of microorganisms remain consistent throughout the study. A system of PDEs is reduced to a solvable system of ODEs by applying a suitable similarity transformation. For the sake of numerical solutions, the shooting method has been employed. Wolfram Mathematica has been used to deal with the BVP. In addition, the behaviors of different emerging parameters comprising velocity outline, temperature outline, concentration distribution, the density outline of gyrot...
A mathematical model of 2D-double diffusive layer flow model of boundary in MHD Maxwell fluid cre... more A mathematical model of 2D-double diffusive layer flow model of boundary in MHD Maxwell fluid created by a sloping slope surface is constructed in this paper. The numerical findings of non-Newtonian fluid are important to the chemical processing industry, mining industry, plastics processing industry, as well as lubrication and biomedical flows. The diversity of regulatory parameters like buoyancy rate, magnetic field, mixed convection, absorption, Brownian motion, thermophoretic diffusion, Deborah number, Lewis number, Prandtl number, Soret number, as well as Dufour number contributes significant impact on the current model. The steps of research methodology are as followed: a) conversion from a separate matrix (PDE) to standard divisive calculations (ODEs), b) Final ODEs are solved in bvp4c program, which developed in MATLAB software, c) The stability analysis part also being developed in bvp4c program, to select the most effective solution in the real liquid state. Lastly, the nu...
Solar collectors absorb solar radiation at the focus of solar concentrating systems as heat energ... more Solar collectors absorb solar radiation at the focus of solar concentrating systems as heat energy which is further transferred to nanofluid. Entropy creation in Maxwell nanofluid flow over an infinite horizontal surface of a porous media is the subject of the current investigation. A non-linear stretching surface then induces a parabolic trough solar collector (PTSC) flow. The thermal boundary layer is studied using a modified version of Buongiorno's Model. As a result, the PDEs, which encompass the physical aspects of the issue, must be transformed into solvable and boundary-constrained ODEs. By using a proper similarity transformation, boundary conditions and partial differential expressions are reduced to a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations. The Keller box method is used to find approximate solutions to ODEs. Tests are carried out on a nanofluid known as Copper-engine oil (Cu-EO). The Nusselt number was lowered, but the skin friction coefficient was increased...
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