Mycelial protein and alkaline phosphatase complements from 13 isolates of Ceratocystis coerulesce... more Mycelial protein and alkaline phosphatase complements from 13 isolates of Ceratocystis coerulescens, C. fagacearum, C. fimbriata and C. ulmi were extracted from acetone powders, separated on polyacrylamide gels by disc electrophoresis and stained. The general protein profile revealed a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 15 separate proteins. Greater similarity in protein composition was observed within than among isolates of the species, although 5 bands were common to all 4 species. Identical alkaline phosphatase patterns were observed within each species, but there was no alkaline phosphatase site common to all. C. fimbriata and C. ulmi shared 3 alkaline phosphatase sites, while C. coerulescens and C. fagacearum shared 2. These findings provide additional taxonomic criteria, and support the current separation of these species. They further demonstrate interand intra-specific biochemical differences and similarities in forms with known perfect stages, thereby expanding our concept on intraand inter-specific biochemical variation which exists.
Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of race, color... more Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. RIck D. Rudd, Interim Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; Alma C. Hobbs, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State, Petersburg. publication 450-619
The history of injection practices in medicine and arboriculture is reviewed and the problems ass... more The history of injection practices in medicine and arboriculture is reviewed and the problems associated with these practices are discussed. Columns of occluded (com- partmentalized) xylem and killed bark are typically associated with wounds caused by injection. These columns extend both up and down the trunk and may extend out into the roots. Forty percent or more of the transport system can be blocked. Typical wound responses are illustrated. In most cases, there are other methods for inducing the uptake of fertilizers, biocides, and growth regulators by trees. These alternatives need to be promoted and improved and new technologies need to be developed.
Eastern white pine is one of the most popular landscape trees in the Eastern United States, and i... more Eastern white pine is one of the most popular landscape trees in the Eastern United States, and its decline has been observed by the authors for over 20 years in Virginia. To the arborist, landscaper, and tree owner this disease is very hard to detect in its early stages because of the complex nature and variability of the decline syndrome. It might be easier to maintain trees grown in conditions favorable to decline if a simple method could be used to detect and monitor the health of white pines. One such possible method would be to monitor seasonal foliar color fluctuations, since leaf morphology (size, shape, color) is a prime indicator of tree health. The authors have tested a color analysis method which is simple and inexpensive. When perfected this method might be useful to protect white pine from the latent stages of decline through its use in early detection in combination with methods to modify certain site stress factors.
Mycelial protein and alkaline phosphatase complements from 13 isolates of Ceratocystis coerulesce... more Mycelial protein and alkaline phosphatase complements from 13 isolates of Ceratocystis coerulescens, C. fagacearum, C. fimbriata and C. ulmi were extracted from acetone powders, separated on polyacrylamide gels by disc electrophoresis and stained. The general protein profile revealed a minimum of 10 and a maximum of 15 separate proteins. Greater similarity in protein composition was observed within than among isolates of the species, although 5 bands were common to all 4 species. Identical alkaline phosphatase patterns were observed within each species, but there was no alkaline phosphatase site common to all. C. fimbriata and C. ulmi shared 3 alkaline phosphatase sites, while C. coerulescens and C. fagacearum shared 2. These findings provide additional taxonomic criteria, and support the current separation of these species. They further demonstrate interand intra-specific biochemical differences and similarities in forms with known perfect stages, thereby expanding our concept on intraand inter-specific biochemical variation which exists.
Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of race, color... more Virginia Cooperative Extension programs and employment are open to all, regardless of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. An equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia State University, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. RIck D. Rudd, Interim Director, Virginia Cooperative Extension, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg; Alma C. Hobbs, Administrator, 1890 Extension Program, Virginia State, Petersburg. publication 450-619
The history of injection practices in medicine and arboriculture is reviewed and the problems ass... more The history of injection practices in medicine and arboriculture is reviewed and the problems associated with these practices are discussed. Columns of occluded (com- partmentalized) xylem and killed bark are typically associated with wounds caused by injection. These columns extend both up and down the trunk and may extend out into the roots. Forty percent or more of the transport system can be blocked. Typical wound responses are illustrated. In most cases, there are other methods for inducing the uptake of fertilizers, biocides, and growth regulators by trees. These alternatives need to be promoted and improved and new technologies need to be developed.
Eastern white pine is one of the most popular landscape trees in the Eastern United States, and i... more Eastern white pine is one of the most popular landscape trees in the Eastern United States, and its decline has been observed by the authors for over 20 years in Virginia. To the arborist, landscaper, and tree owner this disease is very hard to detect in its early stages because of the complex nature and variability of the decline syndrome. It might be easier to maintain trees grown in conditions favorable to decline if a simple method could be used to detect and monitor the health of white pines. One such possible method would be to monitor seasonal foliar color fluctuations, since leaf morphology (size, shape, color) is a prime indicator of tree health. The authors have tested a color analysis method which is simple and inexpensive. When perfected this method might be useful to protect white pine from the latent stages of decline through its use in early detection in combination with methods to modify certain site stress factors.
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