Statistical regularities in the development of the Lithuanian physics in the second half of the 2... more Statistical regularities in the development of the Lithuanian physics in the second half of the 20th century are considered. After the extensive growth throughout the postwar period, the slowdown of a logistic character manifested itself in physics as well as in all the Lithuanian science; it occurred much earlier than the disintegration of the USSR began. After the restoration of Lithuania's independence, the physicists due to their closer contacts with the Western science sooner adapted to the essential transformation of the Lithuanian R&D system. Though the percentage of scientists in physics did not exceed 6-7%, their contribution according to the number of papers included into ISI database and several other indicators reached 40-50% at the beginning of the 1990s. However, during the last decade the representatives of some other fields of the Lithuanian science have been actively integrating into the world science. The distribution of the age of physicists at the moment of conferring a PhD degree can be described by a lognormal function. The share of women had fluctuated and did not show the tendency to increase.
An overview of the program and the results of the 4th International Conference on Atomic and Mole... more An overview of the program and the results of the 4th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications (ICAMDATA), held on October 5 8, 2004, in Toki, Gifu, Japan, is presented. The highlights of the conference program are described in more detail.
Following the creation of inner-shell vacancy in an atom, the cascade of radiative and nonradiati... more Following the creation of inner-shell vacancy in an atom, the cascade of radiative and nonradiative transitions takes place. It can be analysed employing the final charge distribution of ions, the electron and characteristic emission spectra. The development of the experimental and theoretical investigation of cascades is shortly reviewed. The main attention is paid to the description of a cascade using the global characteristics of spectra, especially in the cases of transitions between close-lying and overlapping configurations. Some applications of the global characteristics method are given.
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 2001
Concentration of the strongest transitions on the high-energy side of some emission, photoexcitat... more Concentration of the strongest transitions on the high-energy side of some emission, photoexcitation and Auger spectra of atoms is related to the existence of the additional selection rule for the number of vacancy-electron pairs.
The dependence of Auger yields, partial and total Auger widths of levels, total radiative widths,... more The dependence of Auger yields, partial and total Auger widths of levels, total radiative widths, and fluorescence yields on the ionisation degree is considered for ions of tungsten. The calculations are performed for the Ni subshells in the single configuration quasirelativistic approximation. The intervals of ionisation stages at which the Coster-Kronig transitions are energetically possible or partially possible are determined. It is shown that the partially possible Coster-Kronig transitions between overlapping initial and final configurations can take place in several neighbouring ions successively. According to our calculation results, the nonradiative decay of vacancies in Ni subshells becomes impossible from ionisation stage q = 21. The total Auger width depends weakly on ionisation degree up to its values q = 8-11, but for higher ions changes non-monotonically due to closing of Coster-Kronig transitions. The fluorescence yield shows the similar dependence on q.
The additional symmetry for the properties related to the ground state of the atom is considered ... more The additional symmetry for the properties related to the ground state of the atom is considered taking into account many-electron effects. Calculations of the I 4f , I 3d , I2p, I3p binding energies, 4f N−1 5d-4f N system differences and 2p, 3p electron affinities in the second order of perturbation theory and in the configuration interaction approximation have been performed for the ground configurations with one open shell. The analysis of separate many-electron corrections for these quantities and their variation along the sequences of atoms and ions shows that the main corrections maintain the considered symmetry.
The reason of discrepancy between the experimental and the theoretical relative intensities of th... more The reason of discrepancy between the experimental and the theoretical relative intensities of the 3p→2p electric quadrupole emission with respect to dipole 3s→2p emission for transition elements is investigated in relativistic configuration interaction approximation. The enhancement of theoretical intensity of quadrupole transitions by 4-6 times is obtained. It is shown that their relative intensity increases with the atomic number. In the single configuration approximation the dipole and the quadrupole transitions are separated in energy, but taking into account the configuration mixing their energy intervals extend and overlap. The dipole CI satellites with intensity exceeding the intensity of quadrupole transitions appear in their region, thus their separation becomes hardly possible.
The essential narrowing of the emission spectrum due to the configuration mixing with the symmetr... more The essential narrowing of the emission spectrum due to the configuration mixing with the symmetric exchange of symmetry is considered for the ions with an open 4dN electron shell. The relativistic CI calculations have been performed for Sn9+– Sn12+ and Sb10+– Sb11+ ions, which are the most promising candidates as the emitters for EUV lithography, and for Wq+ ions which give a strong undesirable emission in tokamak plasma. It is shown that the inclusion of the interaction with the other energetically neighbouring configurations influences weakly on the integral characteristics of the main group of lines or quasicontinuum band – its total intensity, width, and shape. The similarity between the photoexcitation and emission spectra related with the ground level, previously established for the highly charged tungsten ions, manifests itself also at the medium ionization degrees. The relative width of the intense group of lines in such spectra of tin and antimony ions increases in compari...
Using the spin-polarized method it is shown that the periodicity of the various properties of lan... more Using the spin-polarized method it is shown that the periodicity of the various properties of lanthanides and actinides is related with the “electron-vacancy” symmetry for the ground state of the f...
Additional symmetry properties of the ground state of an atom and quantities related with it, of ... more Additional symmetry properties of the ground state of an atom and quantities related with it, of the configuration with two open shells with the same orbital quantum number, and of the maximal Auger amplitudes are considered. Algebraic energy expressions for terms of the highest multiplicity and terms related with them as well as for the ground and highest levels are presented. Classification of states for the configuration according to their parentage in the isoelectronic sequence of configurations and the properties of such a basis are considered. Reformulation of this basis using the isospin formalism is discussed. Existence of selection rules for the maximal Auger amplitudes is indicated.
Statistical regularities in the development of the Lithuanian physics in the second half of the 2... more Statistical regularities in the development of the Lithuanian physics in the second half of the 20th century are considered. After the extensive growth throughout the postwar period, the slowdown of a logistic character manifested itself in physics as well as in all the Lithuanian science; it occurred much earlier than the disintegration of the USSR began. After the restoration of Lithuania's independence, the physicists due to their closer contacts with the Western science sooner adapted to the essential transformation of the Lithuanian R&D system. Though the percentage of scientists in physics did not exceed 6-7%, their contribution according to the number of papers included into ISI database and several other indicators reached 40-50% at the beginning of the 1990s. However, during the last decade the representatives of some other fields of the Lithuanian science have been actively integrating into the world science. The distribution of the age of physicists at the moment of conferring a PhD degree can be described by a lognormal function. The share of women had fluctuated and did not show the tendency to increase.
An overview of the program and the results of the 4th International Conference on Atomic and Mole... more An overview of the program and the results of the 4th International Conference on Atomic and Molecular Data and Their Applications (ICAMDATA), held on October 5 8, 2004, in Toki, Gifu, Japan, is presented. The highlights of the conference program are described in more detail.
Following the creation of inner-shell vacancy in an atom, the cascade of radiative and nonradiati... more Following the creation of inner-shell vacancy in an atom, the cascade of radiative and nonradiative transitions takes place. It can be analysed employing the final charge distribution of ions, the electron and characteristic emission spectra. The development of the experimental and theoretical investigation of cascades is shortly reviewed. The main attention is paid to the description of a cascade using the global characteristics of spectra, especially in the cases of transitions between close-lying and overlapping configurations. Some applications of the global characteristics method are given.
Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 2001
Concentration of the strongest transitions on the high-energy side of some emission, photoexcitat... more Concentration of the strongest transitions on the high-energy side of some emission, photoexcitation and Auger spectra of atoms is related to the existence of the additional selection rule for the number of vacancy-electron pairs.
The dependence of Auger yields, partial and total Auger widths of levels, total radiative widths,... more The dependence of Auger yields, partial and total Auger widths of levels, total radiative widths, and fluorescence yields on the ionisation degree is considered for ions of tungsten. The calculations are performed for the Ni subshells in the single configuration quasirelativistic approximation. The intervals of ionisation stages at which the Coster-Kronig transitions are energetically possible or partially possible are determined. It is shown that the partially possible Coster-Kronig transitions between overlapping initial and final configurations can take place in several neighbouring ions successively. According to our calculation results, the nonradiative decay of vacancies in Ni subshells becomes impossible from ionisation stage q = 21. The total Auger width depends weakly on ionisation degree up to its values q = 8-11, but for higher ions changes non-monotonically due to closing of Coster-Kronig transitions. The fluorescence yield shows the similar dependence on q.
The additional symmetry for the properties related to the ground state of the atom is considered ... more The additional symmetry for the properties related to the ground state of the atom is considered taking into account many-electron effects. Calculations of the I 4f , I 3d , I2p, I3p binding energies, 4f N−1 5d-4f N system differences and 2p, 3p electron affinities in the second order of perturbation theory and in the configuration interaction approximation have been performed for the ground configurations with one open shell. The analysis of separate many-electron corrections for these quantities and their variation along the sequences of atoms and ions shows that the main corrections maintain the considered symmetry.
The reason of discrepancy between the experimental and the theoretical relative intensities of th... more The reason of discrepancy between the experimental and the theoretical relative intensities of the 3p→2p electric quadrupole emission with respect to dipole 3s→2p emission for transition elements is investigated in relativistic configuration interaction approximation. The enhancement of theoretical intensity of quadrupole transitions by 4-6 times is obtained. It is shown that their relative intensity increases with the atomic number. In the single configuration approximation the dipole and the quadrupole transitions are separated in energy, but taking into account the configuration mixing their energy intervals extend and overlap. The dipole CI satellites with intensity exceeding the intensity of quadrupole transitions appear in their region, thus their separation becomes hardly possible.
The essential narrowing of the emission spectrum due to the configuration mixing with the symmetr... more The essential narrowing of the emission spectrum due to the configuration mixing with the symmetric exchange of symmetry is considered for the ions with an open 4dN electron shell. The relativistic CI calculations have been performed for Sn9+– Sn12+ and Sb10+– Sb11+ ions, which are the most promising candidates as the emitters for EUV lithography, and for Wq+ ions which give a strong undesirable emission in tokamak plasma. It is shown that the inclusion of the interaction with the other energetically neighbouring configurations influences weakly on the integral characteristics of the main group of lines or quasicontinuum band – its total intensity, width, and shape. The similarity between the photoexcitation and emission spectra related with the ground level, previously established for the highly charged tungsten ions, manifests itself also at the medium ionization degrees. The relative width of the intense group of lines in such spectra of tin and antimony ions increases in compari...
Using the spin-polarized method it is shown that the periodicity of the various properties of lan... more Using the spin-polarized method it is shown that the periodicity of the various properties of lanthanides and actinides is related with the “electron-vacancy” symmetry for the ground state of the f...
Additional symmetry properties of the ground state of an atom and quantities related with it, of ... more Additional symmetry properties of the ground state of an atom and quantities related with it, of the configuration with two open shells with the same orbital quantum number, and of the maximal Auger amplitudes are considered. Algebraic energy expressions for terms of the highest multiplicity and terms related with them as well as for the ground and highest levels are presented. Classification of states for the configuration according to their parentage in the isoelectronic sequence of configurations and the properties of such a basis are considered. Reformulation of this basis using the isospin formalism is discussed. Existence of selection rules for the maximal Auger amplitudes is indicated.
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Papers by R. Karazija