Papers from the First Asia International Lexicography …, 1994
... 1994. Bonifacio Sibayan & Leonard E. Newell, eds. ... Witness also Vanoverbergh (1956... more ... 1994. Bonifacio Sibayan & Leonard E. Newell, eds. ... Witness also Vanoverbergh (1956) for Ilokano, Panganiban (1972) for Tagalog, Wolff (1972) for Cebuano, Hassan, Halud & Ashley (1975) for Tausug, Vanoverbergh (1972) for Isneg, Reid (1976) for Bontok. ...
For well over a century scholars have been aware that some Aboriginal languages contained loanwor... more For well over a century scholars have been aware that some Aboriginal languages contained loanwords from languages spoken in the islands to the north of Australia.1 Although early authors spoke of 'Malay' influence2 or, more accurately, of 'Makassan' contacts,3 they conceded that the influence need not necessarily have been from a single language group. Speakers of various Austronesian languages had made trips, primarily concerned with the trepang industry, to the north coast of Australia from before 18004 until 1906.5 Linguists currently use the cover term Austronesian, rather than Malayo-Polynesian, the term favoured earlier (but now applied to a subgroup of Austronesian), to classify the family of languages spoken from Formosa in the north to New Zealand (Maori) in the south, from Madagascar (Malagasy) in the west to Easter Island or Hawaii in the east. We are dealing here with members of the western branch of this family, particularly Makassarese and Buginese, who came into contact with speakers of Aboriginal languages on the Arnhem Land coast. Other possible contacts include speakers of Malay and Javanese, central and southern Philippine Bisayan slaves (used on trepang expeditions), southern Philippine Lanaw pirates (who apparently operated off the coast of northern Australia), and Bajau entrepreneurs. Numerous articles have been written on the topic of Macassan influence on Aboriginal languages,6 but no serious effort has been made to identify the precise donor languages on scientific linguistic grounds.7 As Macknight has observed: Enough is now known about the Macassans to set some limit to their usefulness as a general ragbag source of the unusual. This is not to say that there have been no other external cultural influences in northern Australia, but discussion of such other influences should also specify the presumed source of the influence the Northern Territory. Even an Aborigine, when travelling with the trepangers beyond his normal ambit, can be included within the definition' (1976:1-2). 9 Macknight 1972:294. 10 Macknight 1972:294-295. 11 The term 'dialect' is used here without prejudice to the possibility that some speech varieties may not form a chain of mutual intelligibility. Most YM speakers are at least bilingual (father's dialect and mother's dialect), and many are multilingual since the)' come from communities where up to a dozen different varieties are spoken. See footnote 19. 12 Initially our judgments were 'impressionistic', i.e. words 'sounded' like Malay or Austronesian words we knew, but these were later confirmed by research into Makassarese, Malay and other Austronesian languages, and led to the establishment of Groups 1-3 in this paper; Group 4 remains 'impressionistic'. 13 These include: Bahasa (Malay or Indonesian), Filipino (Tagalog), Bisayan (and several other southern Philippine languages),
Dictionary making is a partnership. The lexicographer supplies the framework o r structure, the l... more Dictionary making is a partnership. The lexicographer supplies the framework o r structure, the linguist the grammatical analyses, and the layman (while all too often a silent partner) the purpose o r goal resulting in a user-friendly and helpful product. Like any other partnership the task involves compromise, conflict and cooperation. In the real world of Philippine scholarshil), all too often a single scholar must assume the three personae. I a m a tirm believer that grammar (especially of word ranges o r families within the language and grammatical morphemes) must be covered both implicitly and explicitly in ii dictionary. This is the linguist's role. An excellent example of the result of this effort is tlie most recent edition of the American Heritage Dictionary (1992).
Papers from the First Asia International Lexicography …, 1994
... 1994. Bonifacio Sibayan & Leonard E. Newell, eds. ... Witness also Vanoverbergh (1956... more ... 1994. Bonifacio Sibayan & Leonard E. Newell, eds. ... Witness also Vanoverbergh (1956) for Ilokano, Panganiban (1972) for Tagalog, Wolff (1972) for Cebuano, Hassan, Halud & Ashley (1975) for Tausug, Vanoverbergh (1972) for Isneg, Reid (1976) for Bontok. ...
For well over a century scholars have been aware that some Aboriginal languages contained loanwor... more For well over a century scholars have been aware that some Aboriginal languages contained loanwords from languages spoken in the islands to the north of Australia.1 Although early authors spoke of 'Malay' influence2 or, more accurately, of 'Makassan' contacts,3 they conceded that the influence need not necessarily have been from a single language group. Speakers of various Austronesian languages had made trips, primarily concerned with the trepang industry, to the north coast of Australia from before 18004 until 1906.5 Linguists currently use the cover term Austronesian, rather than Malayo-Polynesian, the term favoured earlier (but now applied to a subgroup of Austronesian), to classify the family of languages spoken from Formosa in the north to New Zealand (Maori) in the south, from Madagascar (Malagasy) in the west to Easter Island or Hawaii in the east. We are dealing here with members of the western branch of this family, particularly Makassarese and Buginese, who came into contact with speakers of Aboriginal languages on the Arnhem Land coast. Other possible contacts include speakers of Malay and Javanese, central and southern Philippine Bisayan slaves (used on trepang expeditions), southern Philippine Lanaw pirates (who apparently operated off the coast of northern Australia), and Bajau entrepreneurs. Numerous articles have been written on the topic of Macassan influence on Aboriginal languages,6 but no serious effort has been made to identify the precise donor languages on scientific linguistic grounds.7 As Macknight has observed: Enough is now known about the Macassans to set some limit to their usefulness as a general ragbag source of the unusual. This is not to say that there have been no other external cultural influences in northern Australia, but discussion of such other influences should also specify the presumed source of the influence the Northern Territory. Even an Aborigine, when travelling with the trepangers beyond his normal ambit, can be included within the definition' (1976:1-2). 9 Macknight 1972:294. 10 Macknight 1972:294-295. 11 The term 'dialect' is used here without prejudice to the possibility that some speech varieties may not form a chain of mutual intelligibility. Most YM speakers are at least bilingual (father's dialect and mother's dialect), and many are multilingual since the)' come from communities where up to a dozen different varieties are spoken. See footnote 19. 12 Initially our judgments were 'impressionistic', i.e. words 'sounded' like Malay or Austronesian words we knew, but these were later confirmed by research into Makassarese, Malay and other Austronesian languages, and led to the establishment of Groups 1-3 in this paper; Group 4 remains 'impressionistic'. 13 These include: Bahasa (Malay or Indonesian), Filipino (Tagalog), Bisayan (and several other southern Philippine languages),
Dictionary making is a partnership. The lexicographer supplies the framework o r structure, the l... more Dictionary making is a partnership. The lexicographer supplies the framework o r structure, the linguist the grammatical analyses, and the layman (while all too often a silent partner) the purpose o r goal resulting in a user-friendly and helpful product. Like any other partnership the task involves compromise, conflict and cooperation. In the real world of Philippine scholarshil), all too often a single scholar must assume the three personae. I a m a tirm believer that grammar (especially of word ranges o r families within the language and grammatical morphemes) must be covered both implicitly and explicitly in ii dictionary. This is the linguist's role. An excellent example of the result of this effort is tlie most recent edition of the American Heritage Dictionary (1992).
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