
Raul Corazzon
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Cosa sono i sillogismi: tre visioni, otto secoli.
At issue is the nature of “the syllogisms” in Prior Analytics. For centuries from the 1200s, the dominant view was enshrined in the medieval mnemonic “Barbara-Celarent”: syllogisms are certain valid premise-conclusion arguments commonly mislabeled “inferences”. In the mid-1900s many modern logicians adopted a contrary view credited to Jan Łukasiewicz: syllogisms are certain true universal propositions informally called “implications”. A fruitful two-sided debate ensued.
Toward the last quarter of the 1900s, a third contender appeared. Independently, John Corcoran and Timothy Smiley took the class of syllogisms to exclude propositions while including not only the valid arguments recognized as syllogisms in medieval times but also deductions establishing validity. A deduction contains, over and above premises and conclusion of an argument, a chain of reasoning showing that the conclusion’s information is contained in that of the premises. The debate became three-sided for twenty years or more.
The Łukasiewicz view lacks current defenders leaving the debate to the medieval and Corcoran-Smiley views.
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