Papers by Rudianto Amirta
Food Research, Feb 9, 2024
Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) leaves are a versatile plant with high commercialization potentia... more Kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) leaves are a versatile plant with high commercialization potential. In the pharmaceutical industry, kaffir lime leaf essential oil is used to stimulate appetite, as a cosmetic ingredient, and as an antibacterial agent. Although most studies have concentrated on the essential oil of kaffir lime leaves, its components and biological activities need to be considered based on the growing location. The chemical components and biological activity of kaffir lime leaf essential oil are affected by differences in growth location. This research was conducted to determine the chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil of kaffir lime leaf essential oil from East Borneo. Fresh and dried kaffir lime leaves were extracted by steam distillation method and chemical compound analysis by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and the antibacterial activity of essential oils was analyzed by disc diffusion method. There are twenty-five compounds in the essential oil of fresh and dried kaffir lime leaves. The main components of fresh kaffir lime leave essential oil were citronellal (77.29%), linalool (4.88%), sabinene (4.83%), citronellol (3.41%), β-myrcene (1.23%), and citronellal (74.09%), sabinene (5.54%), linalool (3.59%), citronellol (3.56%), caryophyllene (2.26%) were the main components of the essential oil of dried kaffir lime leaves. The antibacterial activity of essential oils against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25925 and Escherichia coli ATCC 8733, with zones of inhibition of 21.75 and 19.17 mm, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration on all antibacterial activities was 6.25 μL/mL. The presence of strong antibacterial activity in dried and fresh kaffir lime leaf plant extracts was associated with the presence of citronellal compounds found in essential oil kaffir lime leaves
... dapat dimanfaatkan untuk bahan pangan, misalnya kulit buah dibuat acar, buah muda dijadikan s... more ... dapat dimanfaatkan untuk bahan pangan, misalnya kulit buah dibuat acar, buah muda dijadikan sayur, dan biji-bijinya diolah menjadi kuaci. ... Bunga betina mempunyai bakal buah berbentukbulat, terletak di bawah mahkota bunga, dan tersusun dalam tangkai bunga sepanjang ...
Kota Bangun is a subdistrict located in Kutai Kartanegara which has a large amount of swamp peat ... more Kota Bangun is a subdistrict located in Kutai Kartanegara which has a large amount of swamp peat area. The area is commonly used for agricultural purposes. Nevertheless, a group of invasive plant species, Mimosa pigra, has been found with high domination in the area. Due to its characteristics, this species usually disturbs some farmer activities, especially when farmers did the land clearing process. Its high spread influences serious problems because it is considered one of the non commercial species. To solve the problems, technological innovation to utilize the M. pigra biomass is required. Therefore, we conducted a socialization to introduce the production process of charcoal with premium quality on a communal scale. We developed a standard operating procedure and accompanied them step-bystep until the charcoal product was successfully produced. The results showed that the farmers were enthusiastic when they joined the socialization. They were eager to implement the simulation steps. The charcoal product also had excellent properties for use as fuel, a material for water filtration from a nearby river or swamp in order to produce clean water and product charcoal.
Jurnal Ilmiah Kehutanan Rimba Kalimantan, Sep 8, 2022
Vernonia amygdalina is a shrub species that is potentially used as an energy crop through a short... more Vernonia amygdalina is a shrub species that is potentially used as an energy crop through a short rotation coppice (SRC) system since this species is able to generate more than a single stem after the pruning process. This technique is very popular for providing sustainable feedstock for energy production. Therefore, due to its characteristics, V. amygdalina receives great attention as one of the energy crops for the application in energy. Herein, this study aims to evaluate the suitability of the V. amygdalina woody biomass for ethanol production. The woody biomass was first pretreated by autoclave under various concentrations of NaOH (0, 1, 2, and 3% (w/v)) and reaction times (15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes). The pretreated wood sample was then hydrolyzed using a commercial cellulase enzyme to produce glucose monomers. The hydrolysis time at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours was analyzed. The results showed that the addition of 3% sodium hydroxide at a reaction time of 15 minutes and a hydrolysis time of 36 hours was the best concentration to provide the highest ethanol potency (186.98 L/ton woody biomass). Finally, this study suggests that V. amygdalina will be a promising feedstock for ethanol production.
Biodiversitas, Oct 19, 2021
This study aims to determine the presence of secondary metabolites which generally have bioactivi... more This study aims to determine the presence of secondary metabolites which generally have bioactivity that is antioxidant with phytochemical tests and antioxidant tests in Auricularia auricula, Schyzophyllum commune, Microporus xanthopus, and Trametes versicolor fungi that grow in the wild. Phytochemical analysis was carried out by testing color changes and modifications, while antioxidant tests were carried out by using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer and a DPPH solution (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). This research found that edible wood fungus that grows, wild such as A. auricula, contains secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, triterpenoids, saponins, and tannins, but does not contain steroids, alkaloids, carotenoids, or coumarin, while S. commune contains secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, steroids, tannins, and coumarin, but does not contain triterpenoids, alkaloids, carotenoids, or saponins and non-edible wood fungus, such as M. xanthopus, contains secondary metabolites, namely, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, coumarin, and steroids, but does not contain triterpenoids, alkaloids, or carotenoids, while T. versicolor contains compounds, secondary metabolites, flavonoids, saponin, tannins, coumarin, and triterpenoids, but does not contain steroids, alkaloids, or carotenoids. The antioxidant test results are based on IC50 calculations; it is known that the IC50 value of A. auricula is 499.25 g/mL, while S. commune is 121.37 g/mL, M. xanthopus is 251.20 g/mL, and T. versicolor is 493.04 g/mL. Based on the research results, edible and inedible wood mushroom extracts contain several phytochemicals and show potential for antioxidant activity.
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk megetahui potensi ekonomi minyak atsiri E. pellita serta respon ... more Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk megetahui potensi ekonomi minyak atsiri E. pellita serta respon masyarakat mengenai usaha pembuatan minyak atsiri E.pellita jika dipasarkan sehingga diharapakan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat disektor perekonomian sehingga kehidupan masyarakat akan lebih baik. Pada penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah metode random sampling yaitu intensitas sampling sebanyak 1% dipilih untuk menentukan berapa banyak pohon yang akan digunakan sebagai sampel dalam perhitungan ini. Semua daum yang diperoleh dari masing-masing pohon sampel kemudian ditimbang, selanjutnya dikonversi kedalam berat segar daun yang mampu dihasilkan tiap 1 ha penanaman jenis E.pellita. Data diperoleh dari kuisioner yang dibagikan kepada beberapa masyarakat. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuisioner yang dibagikan kepada masyarakat serta melihat respon atau tanggapan dari masyarakat. Teknik menganalisis data menggunakan diagram untuk mengetahui bagaimana respon masyarakat apakah setuju, ragu-ragu atau tidak setuju. Hasil penelitian apabila minyak atsiri dari E.pellita diolah menjadi produk seperti sabun, minyak aromatic, dan lilin aromaterapi akan diperoleh keuntungan yang lebih besar jika hanya dijual dalam bentuk olahan minyak saja sehingga pemanfaatan limbah E.pellita jika diolah menjadi suatu produk memberikan kesan yang baik dari masyarakat Kata Kunci: E.pellita; masyarakat; minyak atsiri
Rasayan journal of Chemistry, 2020
The current study evaluated the antidiabetic activity of particular East Kalimantan plants that h... more The current study evaluated the antidiabetic activity of particular East Kalimantan plants that have long been used by Dayak people for diabetes therapy and identified the active compounds in these plants. However, the antidiabetic activity of the indigenous plants has not been systematically investigated. Phytochemical analysis of six selected East Kalimantan plant extracts was conducted to investigate their: (1) antidiabetic activities (via α-glucosidase inhibition bioassays), (2) DPPH radical scavenging activities, and (3) total antioxidant capacities. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of the isolated compounds were determined by Lineweaver-Burk plots. The extracts showed α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 values ranging from 0.07 to 8.09 mg/mL. Ceriops tagal exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 26.24 µg/mL), as well as the highest total antioxidant capacity (215.16 ± 0.02 mgGAE/g). Bioassay-guided isolation of C. tagal, which was the plant with the most significant apparent potential, yielded three triterpenoids: lupeol (1), betulone (2), and betulin (3). Of the isolated compounds, 3 exhibited the highest inhibition with IC50 value of 18.87 μM. Furthermore, all isolated triterpenoids showed noncompetitive inhibition action. The systematic screening approaches were successfully applied to identify antidiabetic agents from East Kalimantan plants.
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
The application of bioactive ingredients extracted from plants utilized as additives in various c... more The application of bioactive ingredients extracted from plants utilized as additives in various cosmetic products has gained popularity, since they are safe, with low adverse effects when applied properly, and are environmentally friendly. Moreover, the awareness of healthier cosmetic products has rapidly increased so that the exploration of screened plants with appropriate properties has attracted significant attention worldwide. This review discusses the potential of one of the fastest-growing tropical plants, Macaranga, applied in skincare cosmetics. Their interesting characteristics, such as being anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial, and their tyrosinase inhibitory effect have been comprehensively summarized. Various scientific literature works have further proven ethnopharmacological studies that explore the traditional use of Macaranga species by local people in the tropics for medicinal and skincare purposes. Therefore, we believe this will allow Macaranga to become a promising material in the future for largescale industrial skincare cosmetics.
IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2018
East Kalimantan possesses abundant biodiversity of tropical medicinal plant. Melastoma malabathri... more East Kalimantan possesses abundant biodiversity of tropical medicinal plant. Melastoma malabathricum (known locally as karamunting, senduduk) is an invasive plant along with other species in the family of Melastomataceae with traditional medicinal purposes. This research explored the potential of Karamunting (M. malabathricum) plant for its antioxidant activity and the potential as a material for herbal tea product. The plant was macerated to yield ethanolic extract, and at the same time plant powder was packed into tea bags and extracted with hot water to obtain the infused water. Antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay. The results showed that the ethanol extracts of plant samples displayed ability to inhibit DPPH free radical formation by 82% at 50 ppm concentration. Evaluation of the tea water extract showed that the highest inhibition obtained by leaves powder by 90% and fruit 88% at 1 minutes immersion time. This finding suggest that leaves and fruit of M. malabathricum plants display potential as herbal tea material having antioxidant activity if the safety aspect can be assured.
Biodiversitas, 2016
Susanto D, Ruchiyat D, Sutisna M, Amirta R. Flowering, fruiting, seed germination and seedling gr... more Susanto D, Ruchiyat D, Sutisna M, Amirta R. Flowering, fruiting, seed germination and seedling growthof Macaranga gigantea. Biodiversitas 17: 192-199. The stages of flower and fruit development of Macaranga gigantea, its seed germination behavior in nature and from fruit harvesting, as well as the process of raising its seedlings in the laboratory were studied to determine the potential for production of M. gigantea seedlings. Five reproductive trees of M. gigantea were chosen as sources of seed. To estimate natural germination rates, four sample plots of 1 x 1 m 2 in four cardinal directions below the crown of every tree were set up. In addition, dry and wet extraction processes were carried out to determine , which the more effective method for germination of M. gigantea seeds. The results showed that t he time required from flower development to fruit ripening in M. gigantea flowers was 5-6 months. The flower buds initiated in the dry season (August 2011) and the fruits ripened i...
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2019
Py-GC/MS study on fast growing wood Macaranga gigantea at different temperatures has been conduct... more Py-GC/MS study on fast growing wood Macaranga gigantea at different temperatures has been conducted. The pyrolysis yields and chemical compounds obtained based on the pyrograms of the biomass by Py-GC analyses were compared with those obtained from batch pyrolysis experiments under similar conditions. Results show that the pyrolysis yields of Macaranga gigantea from Py-GC/MS analyses and batch reactor experiments at 300-450 °C were generally similar, ranging from 35 to 65%. Pyrolysis of the woody biomass with both techniques produced compounds which are mostly derived from pyrolysis, thermal degradation, or volatilization of lignin and cellulose/hemicellulose.
ULIN: Jurnal Hutan Tropis
Propolis merupakan produk penting bagi lebah yang banyak digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif ... more Propolis merupakan produk penting bagi lebah yang banyak digunakan sebagai salah satu alternatif pengobatan alami karena mengandung senyawa bioaktif yang dapat memberikan efek positif pada tubuh. Sebagai produk yang dihasilkan lebah untuk menutupi sarangnya dan mencegah predator maupun infeksi bakteri atau virus dari luar, propolis memiliki salah satu manfaat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak propolis lebah Heterotrigona itama yang berasal dari 4 lokasi budidaya (perkebunan, persawahan, hutan sekunder, dan perkotaan) di Kalimantan Timur terhadap bakteri Propionibacterium acnes atau P.acnes dengan metode difusi lubang/sumuran pada media nutrient broth (NB) dengan kloramfenikol sebagai kontrol positif dan aseton sebagai kontrol negatif. Propolis diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi dengan larutan etanol 96% yang kemudian dibuat dalam 3 (tiga) konsentrasi yaitu 500ppm, 250 ppm, dan 125 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukanfitokimia dari prop...
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have essential uses as medicines, food sources, and traditiona... more Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have essential uses as medicines, food sources, and traditional ceremonies for the local people living in forest areas. Medicinal plants are one of the non-timber forest products used as traditional medicine by local people in East Kalimantan. This study was conducted to search for new natural antidiabetic and antioxidant resources from medicinal plants used traditionally in Mahakam Ulu District, East Kalimantan, based on ethnopharmacological information. The present study evaluates non-timber forest products as in vitro antidiabetic (rat intestinal α-glucosidase inhibitory activity) and antioxidant (free radical scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and Nitric Oxide) activities. The antidiabetic and antioxidant activities were evaluated using α-glucosidase inhibition assay and free radical scavenging methods. This study demonstrated that methanol extracts of Flacourtia rukam Zoll. & Moritzi, Syzygium chloranthum (Duthie) Merr. & L.M. Perry and Shorea balangeran Burck exhibited strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with maltose as a substrate with IC50 values of 0.034 mg/mL, 0.039 mg/mL, and 0.039 mg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, methanol extract of S. chloranthum displayed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in sucrose as a substrate, similar to the IC50 value of the quercetin as a positive control. Furthermore, the antioxidant test showed that all medicinal plant extracts from East Kalimantan are good sources of natural antioxidants indicated by their IC50 values. The results of this study support the scientific background of the uses of medicinal plant extracts from East Kalimantan as folk medicine.
Cosmetics
The Eupatorium plant has been well used in medication and as a decorative plant. Some studies hav... more The Eupatorium plant has been well used in medication and as a decorative plant. Some studies have reported that this herb has biochemical compounds, such as sesquiterpenes, phenolics, polysaccharides, and pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Thus, it has pharmacological effects, including antifungal, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antinociceptive properties, that can be utilized for cosmetic purposes. However, only a few published works have summarized the active compounds and the application of Eupatorium plants as cosmetic agents. Therefore, this article aims to review the application of Eupatorium plants as a potential cosmetic agent. The active compounds of Eupatorium are contained in the whole plant, as well as the stems, leaves, roots, and aerial parts (flower, fruit, and seeds). In terms of cosmetic applications, the activities of Eupathorium are antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, anti-melanin/melanogenesis, anti-acne, and anti-inflammatory. This review aims to contribute to a better understa...
Biodiversitas, Apr 24, 2022
Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell is one of the short rotation wood crop species widely planted in trop... more Eucalyptus pellita F. Muell is one of the short rotation wood crop species widely planted in tropical countries, including Indonesia. Woody biomass obtained from this species is commonly utilized to produce fiber in the pulp and paper industry. Due to the growing interest in expanding E. pellita plantations, the potential application of E. pellita woody biomass to provide sustainable energy feedstock has been studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ultimate composition of E. pellita wood (carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O)) to estimate its higher heating value (HHV) and bioelectricity potency. The wood samples were harvested at different plant ages, from the first to the fifth year. The percentage of biomass composition, including cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives, was also calculated. The results demonstrated that lignin in the E. pellita wood increased to align with the increased plant age. Thus, this pattern was followed by significantly increased C content in the wood since lignin contained a primary source of C. Hence, this condition might enhance the HHV and electricity potency. The ratio of H/C and O/C was found to be one of the most promising factors in improving HHV compared to the extractive/lignin ratio. In the fifth year, the electricity potency of E. pellita showed the highest value (1.71 MWh ton-1). Therefore, this study suggests that E. pellita possesses the potential to be one of the promising crops for green electricity production.
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Ten ethnomedicinal plant extracts from East Kalimantan flora, traditionally used to treat blood s... more Ten ethnomedicinal plant extracts from East Kalimantan flora, traditionally used to treat blood sugar levels and other diabetes-related diseases, were examined in vitro for their antidiabetic and free radical scavenging activities by inhibiting rat alpha-glucosidase and several free radicals such as DPPH, ABTS, and Nitric oxide respectively. Out of the ten plant species investigated for their antidiabetic activity against maltase and sucrase rat alpha-glucosidase, three exhibited the strongest αglucosidase inhibitory activity with maltose as a substrate, namely extracts of Garcinia nervosa, Syzygium caudatilimbum, and Shorea balangeran with IC50 values of 0.046; 0.037; 0.045 mg/mL. Meanwhile, quercetin as a positive control appeared to have a comparable IC50 value. Furthermore, among the ten extracts, Syzygium caudatilimbum, Shorea balangeran, and Ixora javanica showed good inhibition against sucrase rat alpha-glucosidase. Moreover, the antioxidant test showed that the ten methanol extracts of plants from East Kalimantan have an antioxidant activity indicated by IC50 values. The present study confirms that the ethnopharmacological use of selected plants from East Kalimantan might have potential as an antidiabetic and natural antioxidant.
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
The conversion of woody biomass into electricity through a thermochemical process has recently at... more The conversion of woody biomass into electricity through a thermochemical process has recently attracted significant attention worldwide to promote green energy production. It provides a low-cost and straightforward operation promising for developing rural areas, especially with limited transportation access. In East Kalimantan Province, almost all remote areas are surrounded by forests with high tree species diversity, which is the potential to be utilized for sustainable feedstocks in electric power plants. This study pointed out the energy potential produced from woody biomass of selected fast-growing tree species native to East Kalimantan secondary tropical forest: Elaeocarpus ferrugineus (Jacq.) Steud., Ficus aurata (Miq.) Miq., Fordia splendidissima (Blume ex Miq.) Buijsen, Lindera lucida (Blume) Boerl., Mallotus paniculatus (Lam.) Mull. Arg. and Schima wallichii (DC). Their wood physicochemical properties were firstly investigated. Furthermore, each species' wood quality for solid energy purposes was presented as the fuel value index (FVI). The results revealed that the change from greenwood into wood chip effectively removed the moisture content, thus improving efficiency to achieve higher energy potency. Our findings showed that the highest energy potency was obtained from the wood chip of F. splendidissima (3.61 MWh/ton), followed by S. wallichii (2.98 MWh/ton). A similar pattern was also found in FVI determination showing that the wood chip of S. Splendidissima had the greatest value (8970). Therefore, we observed that the high quality of S. splendidissima compared to other selected fast-growing species indicates its high suitability for further large-scale crop plantation to supply wood chips for biomass-based electricity generation.
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Papers by Rudianto Amirta