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RAJESH PATNAIK

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Central European University

Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

Stephen Whittle

Manchester Metropolitan University

Dr. Gulshan Shrivastava

Galgotias University,Greater Noida

Peter D. Thomas

Brunel University

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

Paola Bacchetta

University of California, Berkeley

Journal of Computer Science IJCSIS

International Journals for Researchers [ER Publication, WOAR Journals, IJEAS and IJEART]

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Papers by RAJESH PATNAIK

Transformerless high step-up DC–DC converter with voltage multiplier concept

ISET INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCE & ENGINEERING (CASE 2021)

This paper includes a Cockcroft-Walton (CW) high phase dc-dc voltage transition based on multipli... more This paper includes a Cockcroft-Walton (CW) high phase dc-dc voltage transition based on multiplier, with no step-up transformer. The suggested conversion approach is very appropriate for low-input dc generating systems with continuous input current on a switch, diode or condenser with a low rib, high voltage and low voltage. In this article two frequencies in the suggested control techniques are used, one works with high frequencies in order to reduce the inductor size, the other works with a comparatively low frequency based on the rip of the target voltage.

DC Side Fault Analysis in an Off Shore Wind Farm based High Voltage DC Transmission Link

2018 International Conference on Information , Communication, Engineering and Technology (ICICET), 2018

This paper proposes a simple event detection and classification technique for disturbances on the... more This paper proposes a simple event detection and classification technique for disturbances on the DC side of a voltage source converter based high voltage DC transmission link which carries power from an off shore based wind farm to main grid. The voltage and current samples near the DC terminals of the high voltage DC transmission link are initially extracted and are directly processed to generate the target feature sets which consist of energy, mean and variance respectively. Subsequently the target feature sets are passed through a simple decision tree based classifier for event classification. The proposed technique has been tested for a number of disturbances on the DC side of the HVDC link where it has been verified as a superior technique as compared with some of the existing event classification technique based on wavelet transform. The entire model has been simulated in MATLAB/ Simulink and the testing has been verified in MATLAB/ Editor. The proposed technique avoids the need of any signal processing technique to process the raw signal (dc current), thus inhabiting less computations and faster execution and hence is an efficient algorithm for real time applications.

Detection, classification, and location of faults in power transmission lines

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2015

This paper presents a pattern recognition approach for current differential relaying of power tra... more This paper presents a pattern recognition approach for current differential relaying of power transmission lines. The current differential method uses spectral energy information provided through a new Fast Discrete S-Transform (FDST). Unlike the conventional S-Transform (ST) technique the new one uses different types of frequency scaling, band pass filtering, and interpolation techniques to reduce the computational cost and remove redundant information. Further due to its low computational complexity, the new algorithm is suitable for real-time implementation. The proposed scheme is evaluated for current differential protection of a transmission line fed from both ends for a variety of faults, fault resistance, inception angles, and significant noise in the signal using computer simulation studies. Also the fundamental amplitude and phase angle of the two end currents and one end voltage are computed with the help of the new formulation to provide fault location with significant accuracy. The results obtained from the exhaustive computation show the feasibility of the new approach.

Adaptive terminal sliding mode power control of DFIG based wind energy conversion system for stability enhancement

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 2015

A novel adaptive terminal sliding mode instantaneous active and reactive power control for both t... more A novel adaptive terminal sliding mode instantaneous active and reactive power control for both the rotorside as well as grid-side converters of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind power extraction system is proposed in this paper using the abc frame of reference. This approach is independent of unmodeled dynamics of the phase-locked loops that reduces the nonlinearities in computing the control objective. The adaptive nature of the terminal sliding mode controller design offers a better and enhanced transient response as compared with some of the conventional methods for a wide range of disturbances such as switching faults, reference tracking and wind speed variation for both the sub-synchronous and synchronous modes of operation of the doubly fed induction generator subjected to lower and higher wind speeds. Moreover, a maximum power point tracking algorithm has been incorporated to compute the reference power of the stator of the DFIG, which is utilized in designing the control system for the rotor-side converter. Further extensive computer simulations have been carried out with the DFIG operating in a single machine or multimachine environment to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control. Also the robustness and stability of the proposed adaptive terminal sliding mode control is verified using the MATLAB/SIMULINK based DFIG model.

Impact of wind farms on disturbance detection and classification in distributed generation using modified Adaline network and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy information system

Applied Soft Computing, 2015

Hybrid Gauss-Newton linear combiner Harmonic amplification factors of voltage and current (HAFv, ... more Hybrid Gauss-Newton linear combiner Harmonic amplification factors of voltage and current (HAFv, HAF i ) Islanding events Total harmonic distortion of voltage and current (THDv, THD i ) a b s t r a c t A new disturbance detection and classification technique based on modified Adaline and adaptive neurofuzzy information system (ANFIS) is proposed for a distributed generation system comprising a wind power generating system (DFIG) and a photovoltaic array. The proposed technique is based on a fast Gauss-Newton parameter updating rule rather than the conventional Widrow-Hoff delta rule for the Adaline network. The voltage and current signals near the target distributed generation (DG), particularly the DFIG, whose speed varies from minimum to the maximum cut-off speed, are processed through the modified Adaline network to yield the features like the negative sequence power, harmonic amplification factor (HAF), total harmonic distortion (THD), etc. These features are then used as training sets for the ANFIS, which employs a gradient descent algorithm to update its parameters. The proposed technique distinguishes the islanding condition of the distributed generation system with some other disturbances, such as switching faults, capacitor bank switching, voltage swell, voltage sag, distorted grid voltage, unbalanced load switching, etc. which are referred to as non-islanding cases in this paper.

Detection and classification of islanding and power quality disturbances in microgrid using hybrid signal processing and data mining techniques

IET Signal Processing, 2017

This paper presents a new approach for islanding detection of distributed generation systems (DGs... more This paper presents a new approach for islanding detection of distributed generation systems (DGs), using the features obtained from a new time-frequency transform with the negative sequence voltage, negative sequence current and the 3-phase voltage and current signals as inputs. The well-known S-transform suffers from high computational complexity, for on-line applications and hence, a new time-frequency transform (frequency filtering S-transform or simply the FFST) similar to it but faster by almost 30 times is proposed here using the frequency sampling and band pass filtering only for neighborhood of significant frequency components, determined from FFT of the power disturbance signals at the DG terminals. Thus using only the important frequency components present in the signal, it results in a significant reduction of computational complexity of the discrete S-transform. A data mining approach using a certainty factor-based fuzzy decision tree is used to yield fuzzy rules with the extracted features from the FFST output to recognize disturbance events like islanding or non-islanding for a variety of operating conditions of both the DGs and the electric power system. The results achieved during testing using existing hybrid distribution systems show that the proposed method is very reliable, and fast even in the presence of large disturbances like faults and capacitor bank switching.

Instantaneous power-based feedback linearisation control approach for the doubly fed induction generator-based wind farm

International Journal of Power and Energy Conversion, 2017

A new adaptive back-stepping mode feedback linearisation (FBL) control strategy for both the roto... more A new adaptive back-stepping mode feedback linearisation (FBL) control strategy for both the rotor-side and the grid-side converter of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) has been proposed in this paper. As the control variables (active and reactive powers) are measurable quantities (as they are directly premeditated from the three-phase voltage and current measured at the stator and the GSC terminals, respectively), this subsequently reduces the computational complexity for the proposed control strategy as the phase-lock-loops (PLL) is significantly avoided. The proposed control strategy considerably helps to reduce the steady state error and improves the transient stability of the proposed DFIG model for a number of nastiest scenarios, compared to the conventional controllers, which has been tested and validated both in the MATLAB/Editor (single machine as well as multi-machine environment) as well as the MATLAB/Simulink environment, respectively, which has been well illustrated in the simulation and results section.

Dynamic phasor and frequency estimation of time-varying power system signals

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2013

The paper presents a new approach for the estimation of the fundamental phasor and frequency of t... more The paper presents a new approach for the estimation of the fundamental phasor and frequency of time varying power system signals encountered in power system control and protection areas. Further if the signals are nonstationary and corrupted by white noise of low signal to noise ratio, the signal parameters can be estimated in an optimal way by using a low complexity recursive Gauss-Newton algorithm. The forgetting factor for minimizing the error function used in this algorithm is tuned iteratively to provide faster convergence and better accuracy in the estimation process. The proposed algorithm is particularly suitable for the integration of distributed generating sources to micro grids, when fast detection of faults and islanding condition is required. Extensive simulation results for a wide variety of power system signals with time-varying amplitude, phase, and frequency parameters validate the robustness and accuracy of the new algorithm.

2354 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number J1160881019/2019©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.J1160.0981119 Journal Website: www.ijitee.org High Voltage DC Transmission Systems for Offshore Wind Farms with Different Topologies

International journal of innovative technology and exploring engineering, Sep 30, 2019

2354 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number J1160881019/2019©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.J1160.0981119 Journal Website: www.ijitee.org High Voltage DC Transmission Systems for Offshore Wind Farms with Different Topologies

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019

Theoretical review of various topologies of high voltage DC links in application to off shore win... more Theoretical review of various topologies of high voltage DC links in application to off shore wind forms has been studied and analysed. In addition to that, various types of high voltage DC links such as back to back, two terminal, multi-terminal systems has been covered under this study. The Line-Commutated Converters, Voltage Source Converter, Modular Multi-Level Converter as well as some of advanced hybrid high voltage DC topologies in application to off shore wind forms has been reviewed. This study covers complication arising from large-scale wind power generation. The review paper also points out the scope of future research in high voltage DC converters.

Out of Africa: An Ecological Critique of Colonialism and Nationhood

Studies of Tribes and Tribals, 2006

Many of the postcolonial nations of Africa have had armed conflicts and civil wars, which are tho... more Many of the postcolonial nations of Africa have had armed conflicts and civil wars, which are thought to have their roots in ethnic differentiation and inter ethnic hatred among the native groups. The present critique uses a political ecological framework to analyze three factors: apartheid, ethnic distinctiveness and the rigid belief of ethnic immutability, which were used by the colonial rulers to their advantage in traditional Africa. They justified a colonial administrative system based on these dogmas, many of which persist and have directly or indirectly contributed to the present situation in the African continent. The critique illustrates various dogmas in ecological terms and attempts to show that processes of adaptive change in institutional frameworks have been denied-to take their normal course of transformation, while economic change from the use of renewable to the use of nonrenewable recourses was taking place in the Colonial Africa.

Pengembangan Kawasan Industri DI Indones 1

pertama kali dikembangkan oleh pemerintah melalui BUMN pada tahun 1970-an sebagai reaksi terhadap... more pertama kali dikembangkan oleh pemerintah melalui BUMN pada tahun 1970-an sebagai reaksi terhadap kebutuhan lahan industri. Dengan semakin meningkatnya arus investasi di Indonesia, baru kemudian pada tahun 1989 pihak swasta diperbolehkan mengembangkan kawasan industri. Dalam pengembangan kawasan industri khususnya pada tahapan pra-konstruksi, terdapat beberapa tahapan utama yang harus dilalui yaitu antara lain tahap perijinan, pembebasan tanah, dan tahap perencanaan. Pada tahap perencanaan akan dibahas tentang penerapan Standar Teknis yang ada dalam perencanaan penggunaan lahan, perencanaan tapak serta perencanaan prasarana dan sarana pada beberapa kawasan industri di Jawa Timur.

Ethnic Identity of the Indigenous Tribes in Great Nicobar Island

Studies of Tribes and Tribals, 2009

The present paper is aimed at understanding the indigenous tribes of the Great Nicobar Island in ... more The present paper is aimed at understanding the indigenous tribes of the Great Nicobar Island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It focuses on the geographical distribution of resources and the retention of strong ethnic differentiation among the islanders. The utilisation of the non-over lapping resources leads to more or less specific utilisation of microenvironments within the Great Nicobar Island. The extensive utilisation of resources largely rests on the diversity of species within the microenvironments and cultural perception of indigenous groups PROLOGUE We are presenting this paper in the aftermath of the tragic December 2004 Tsunami tragedy. Much has happened in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, especially in the Nicobar Islands: numerous lives had been lost and livelihoods of many families have been completely altered 1. We wish to state that the coastal villages of Nicobarese of Great Nicobar Island faced a huge catastrophe 2 ? we acknowledge that the present situation on the Great Nicobar would have been significantly altered specially in the coastal areas. But we are not in a position to assess all the dimensions of change which the Tsunami caused 3. At the same time we are encouraged to present this paper as an original ethnographic description and further we feel that the central thesis of the paper is worth considering for future comparative studies. Our field study was done prior to the occurrence of Tsunami.

Built Environment in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands: A Tradition on the Brink of Disappearance

The Anthropologist, 2005

The tranquil panorama of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is undergoing a drastic change from the poin... more The tranquil panorama of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is undergoing a drastic change from the point of view of 'built environment'. The town of Port Blair had been built mainly with the locally available resources, which gives it a unique tradition of built environment as well as a pattern of utilizing the local resources optimally. In recent years, drastic changes are occurring in the construction of buildings. There is a shift from traditional wooden buildings to concrete buildings mainly due enormous increase in population in the last 50 years or so. Many recently constructed 'modern' buildings are depleting nonrenewable environmental resources leading to a skewed alteration of the traditional built environment. Much of accelerated growth of non-traditional built environment in and around Port Blair needs to be rationalized to maintain the continuity of the islands' tradition of its built environment

Transformerless high step-up DC–DC converter with voltage multiplier concept

ISET INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED SCIENCE & ENGINEERING (CASE 2021)

This paper includes a Cockcroft-Walton (CW) high phase dc-dc voltage transition based on multipli... more This paper includes a Cockcroft-Walton (CW) high phase dc-dc voltage transition based on multiplier, with no step-up transformer. The suggested conversion approach is very appropriate for low-input dc generating systems with continuous input current on a switch, diode or condenser with a low rib, high voltage and low voltage. In this article two frequencies in the suggested control techniques are used, one works with high frequencies in order to reduce the inductor size, the other works with a comparatively low frequency based on the rip of the target voltage.

DC Side Fault Analysis in an Off Shore Wind Farm based High Voltage DC Transmission Link

2018 International Conference on Information , Communication, Engineering and Technology (ICICET), 2018

This paper proposes a simple event detection and classification technique for disturbances on the... more This paper proposes a simple event detection and classification technique for disturbances on the DC side of a voltage source converter based high voltage DC transmission link which carries power from an off shore based wind farm to main grid. The voltage and current samples near the DC terminals of the high voltage DC transmission link are initially extracted and are directly processed to generate the target feature sets which consist of energy, mean and variance respectively. Subsequently the target feature sets are passed through a simple decision tree based classifier for event classification. The proposed technique has been tested for a number of disturbances on the DC side of the HVDC link where it has been verified as a superior technique as compared with some of the existing event classification technique based on wavelet transform. The entire model has been simulated in MATLAB/ Simulink and the testing has been verified in MATLAB/ Editor. The proposed technique avoids the need of any signal processing technique to process the raw signal (dc current), thus inhabiting less computations and faster execution and hence is an efficient algorithm for real time applications.

Detection, classification, and location of faults in power transmission lines

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2015

This paper presents a pattern recognition approach for current differential relaying of power tra... more This paper presents a pattern recognition approach for current differential relaying of power transmission lines. The current differential method uses spectral energy information provided through a new Fast Discrete S-Transform (FDST). Unlike the conventional S-Transform (ST) technique the new one uses different types of frequency scaling, band pass filtering, and interpolation techniques to reduce the computational cost and remove redundant information. Further due to its low computational complexity, the new algorithm is suitable for real-time implementation. The proposed scheme is evaluated for current differential protection of a transmission line fed from both ends for a variety of faults, fault resistance, inception angles, and significant noise in the signal using computer simulation studies. Also the fundamental amplitude and phase angle of the two end currents and one end voltage are computed with the help of the new formulation to provide fault location with significant accuracy. The results obtained from the exhaustive computation show the feasibility of the new approach.

Adaptive terminal sliding mode power control of DFIG based wind energy conversion system for stability enhancement

International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, 2015

A novel adaptive terminal sliding mode instantaneous active and reactive power control for both t... more A novel adaptive terminal sliding mode instantaneous active and reactive power control for both the rotorside as well as grid-side converters of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind power extraction system is proposed in this paper using the abc frame of reference. This approach is independent of unmodeled dynamics of the phase-locked loops that reduces the nonlinearities in computing the control objective. The adaptive nature of the terminal sliding mode controller design offers a better and enhanced transient response as compared with some of the conventional methods for a wide range of disturbances such as switching faults, reference tracking and wind speed variation for both the sub-synchronous and synchronous modes of operation of the doubly fed induction generator subjected to lower and higher wind speeds. Moreover, a maximum power point tracking algorithm has been incorporated to compute the reference power of the stator of the DFIG, which is utilized in designing the control system for the rotor-side converter. Further extensive computer simulations have been carried out with the DFIG operating in a single machine or multimachine environment to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control. Also the robustness and stability of the proposed adaptive terminal sliding mode control is verified using the MATLAB/SIMULINK based DFIG model.

Impact of wind farms on disturbance detection and classification in distributed generation using modified Adaline network and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy information system

Applied Soft Computing, 2015

Hybrid Gauss-Newton linear combiner Harmonic amplification factors of voltage and current (HAFv, ... more Hybrid Gauss-Newton linear combiner Harmonic amplification factors of voltage and current (HAFv, HAF i ) Islanding events Total harmonic distortion of voltage and current (THDv, THD i ) a b s t r a c t A new disturbance detection and classification technique based on modified Adaline and adaptive neurofuzzy information system (ANFIS) is proposed for a distributed generation system comprising a wind power generating system (DFIG) and a photovoltaic array. The proposed technique is based on a fast Gauss-Newton parameter updating rule rather than the conventional Widrow-Hoff delta rule for the Adaline network. The voltage and current signals near the target distributed generation (DG), particularly the DFIG, whose speed varies from minimum to the maximum cut-off speed, are processed through the modified Adaline network to yield the features like the negative sequence power, harmonic amplification factor (HAF), total harmonic distortion (THD), etc. These features are then used as training sets for the ANFIS, which employs a gradient descent algorithm to update its parameters. The proposed technique distinguishes the islanding condition of the distributed generation system with some other disturbances, such as switching faults, capacitor bank switching, voltage swell, voltage sag, distorted grid voltage, unbalanced load switching, etc. which are referred to as non-islanding cases in this paper.

Detection and classification of islanding and power quality disturbances in microgrid using hybrid signal processing and data mining techniques

IET Signal Processing, 2017

This paper presents a new approach for islanding detection of distributed generation systems (DGs... more This paper presents a new approach for islanding detection of distributed generation systems (DGs), using the features obtained from a new time-frequency transform with the negative sequence voltage, negative sequence current and the 3-phase voltage and current signals as inputs. The well-known S-transform suffers from high computational complexity, for on-line applications and hence, a new time-frequency transform (frequency filtering S-transform or simply the FFST) similar to it but faster by almost 30 times is proposed here using the frequency sampling and band pass filtering only for neighborhood of significant frequency components, determined from FFT of the power disturbance signals at the DG terminals. Thus using only the important frequency components present in the signal, it results in a significant reduction of computational complexity of the discrete S-transform. A data mining approach using a certainty factor-based fuzzy decision tree is used to yield fuzzy rules with the extracted features from the FFST output to recognize disturbance events like islanding or non-islanding for a variety of operating conditions of both the DGs and the electric power system. The results achieved during testing using existing hybrid distribution systems show that the proposed method is very reliable, and fast even in the presence of large disturbances like faults and capacitor bank switching.

Instantaneous power-based feedback linearisation control approach for the doubly fed induction generator-based wind farm

International Journal of Power and Energy Conversion, 2017

A new adaptive back-stepping mode feedback linearisation (FBL) control strategy for both the roto... more A new adaptive back-stepping mode feedback linearisation (FBL) control strategy for both the rotor-side and the grid-side converter of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) has been proposed in this paper. As the control variables (active and reactive powers) are measurable quantities (as they are directly premeditated from the three-phase voltage and current measured at the stator and the GSC terminals, respectively), this subsequently reduces the computational complexity for the proposed control strategy as the phase-lock-loops (PLL) is significantly avoided. The proposed control strategy considerably helps to reduce the steady state error and improves the transient stability of the proposed DFIG model for a number of nastiest scenarios, compared to the conventional controllers, which has been tested and validated both in the MATLAB/Editor (single machine as well as multi-machine environment) as well as the MATLAB/Simulink environment, respectively, which has been well illustrated in the simulation and results section.

Dynamic phasor and frequency estimation of time-varying power system signals

International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2013

The paper presents a new approach for the estimation of the fundamental phasor and frequency of t... more The paper presents a new approach for the estimation of the fundamental phasor and frequency of time varying power system signals encountered in power system control and protection areas. Further if the signals are nonstationary and corrupted by white noise of low signal to noise ratio, the signal parameters can be estimated in an optimal way by using a low complexity recursive Gauss-Newton algorithm. The forgetting factor for minimizing the error function used in this algorithm is tuned iteratively to provide faster convergence and better accuracy in the estimation process. The proposed algorithm is particularly suitable for the integration of distributed generating sources to micro grids, when fast detection of faults and islanding condition is required. Extensive simulation results for a wide variety of power system signals with time-varying amplitude, phase, and frequency parameters validate the robustness and accuracy of the new algorithm.

2354 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number J1160881019/2019©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.J1160.0981119 Journal Website: www.ijitee.org High Voltage DC Transmission Systems for Offshore Wind Farms with Different Topologies

International journal of innovative technology and exploring engineering, Sep 30, 2019

2354 Published By: Blue Eyes Intelligence Engineering & Sciences Publication Retrieval Number J1160881019/2019©BEIESP DOI: 10.35940/ijitee.J1160.0981119 Journal Website: www.ijitee.org High Voltage DC Transmission Systems for Offshore Wind Farms with Different Topologies

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 2019

Theoretical review of various topologies of high voltage DC links in application to off shore win... more Theoretical review of various topologies of high voltage DC links in application to off shore wind forms has been studied and analysed. In addition to that, various types of high voltage DC links such as back to back, two terminal, multi-terminal systems has been covered under this study. The Line-Commutated Converters, Voltage Source Converter, Modular Multi-Level Converter as well as some of advanced hybrid high voltage DC topologies in application to off shore wind forms has been reviewed. This study covers complication arising from large-scale wind power generation. The review paper also points out the scope of future research in high voltage DC converters.

Out of Africa: An Ecological Critique of Colonialism and Nationhood

Studies of Tribes and Tribals, 2006

Many of the postcolonial nations of Africa have had armed conflicts and civil wars, which are tho... more Many of the postcolonial nations of Africa have had armed conflicts and civil wars, which are thought to have their roots in ethnic differentiation and inter ethnic hatred among the native groups. The present critique uses a political ecological framework to analyze three factors: apartheid, ethnic distinctiveness and the rigid belief of ethnic immutability, which were used by the colonial rulers to their advantage in traditional Africa. They justified a colonial administrative system based on these dogmas, many of which persist and have directly or indirectly contributed to the present situation in the African continent. The critique illustrates various dogmas in ecological terms and attempts to show that processes of adaptive change in institutional frameworks have been denied-to take their normal course of transformation, while economic change from the use of renewable to the use of nonrenewable recourses was taking place in the Colonial Africa.

Pengembangan Kawasan Industri DI Indones 1

pertama kali dikembangkan oleh pemerintah melalui BUMN pada tahun 1970-an sebagai reaksi terhadap... more pertama kali dikembangkan oleh pemerintah melalui BUMN pada tahun 1970-an sebagai reaksi terhadap kebutuhan lahan industri. Dengan semakin meningkatnya arus investasi di Indonesia, baru kemudian pada tahun 1989 pihak swasta diperbolehkan mengembangkan kawasan industri. Dalam pengembangan kawasan industri khususnya pada tahapan pra-konstruksi, terdapat beberapa tahapan utama yang harus dilalui yaitu antara lain tahap perijinan, pembebasan tanah, dan tahap perencanaan. Pada tahap perencanaan akan dibahas tentang penerapan Standar Teknis yang ada dalam perencanaan penggunaan lahan, perencanaan tapak serta perencanaan prasarana dan sarana pada beberapa kawasan industri di Jawa Timur.

Ethnic Identity of the Indigenous Tribes in Great Nicobar Island

Studies of Tribes and Tribals, 2009

The present paper is aimed at understanding the indigenous tribes of the Great Nicobar Island in ... more The present paper is aimed at understanding the indigenous tribes of the Great Nicobar Island in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It focuses on the geographical distribution of resources and the retention of strong ethnic differentiation among the islanders. The utilisation of the non-over lapping resources leads to more or less specific utilisation of microenvironments within the Great Nicobar Island. The extensive utilisation of resources largely rests on the diversity of species within the microenvironments and cultural perception of indigenous groups PROLOGUE We are presenting this paper in the aftermath of the tragic December 2004 Tsunami tragedy. Much has happened in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, especially in the Nicobar Islands: numerous lives had been lost and livelihoods of many families have been completely altered 1. We wish to state that the coastal villages of Nicobarese of Great Nicobar Island faced a huge catastrophe 2 ? we acknowledge that the present situation on the Great Nicobar would have been significantly altered specially in the coastal areas. But we are not in a position to assess all the dimensions of change which the Tsunami caused 3. At the same time we are encouraged to present this paper as an original ethnographic description and further we feel that the central thesis of the paper is worth considering for future comparative studies. Our field study was done prior to the occurrence of Tsunami.

Built Environment in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands: A Tradition on the Brink of Disappearance

The Anthropologist, 2005

The tranquil panorama of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is undergoing a drastic change from the poin... more The tranquil panorama of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is undergoing a drastic change from the point of view of 'built environment'. The town of Port Blair had been built mainly with the locally available resources, which gives it a unique tradition of built environment as well as a pattern of utilizing the local resources optimally. In recent years, drastic changes are occurring in the construction of buildings. There is a shift from traditional wooden buildings to concrete buildings mainly due enormous increase in population in the last 50 years or so. Many recently constructed 'modern' buildings are depleting nonrenewable environmental resources leading to a skewed alteration of the traditional built environment. Much of accelerated growth of non-traditional built environment in and around Port Blair needs to be rationalized to maintain the continuity of the islands' tradition of its built environment