Climate Scenario in Cold Arid Region and its Future Prediction
Climate Change and Agriculture in India: Impact and Adaptation
Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir State is characterized by excessive aridity and severe moistur... more Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir State is characterized by excessive aridity and severe moisture deficit throughout the year. On one side of the region are the Karakoram ranges while on the other side lie the mighty Greater Himalayas and Zanskar ranges. Together these impart a rain shadow effect to the region resulting in very low annual precipitation. With scarce water resources, such regions show high sensitivity and vulnerability to the change in climate and need urgent attention. The objective of this study is to understand the climate scenario in the cold arid region of Ladakh region and to characterize its changing climate. The climate over Leh has shown a warming trend with reduced precipitation. The reduced average seasonal precipitation may be associated with some indications of reducing number of days with higher precipitation amounts over the region.
2021 Third International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA)
This paper proposes a real time implementation of a smart key which is a Wi-Fi based device that ... more This paper proposes a real time implementation of a smart key which is a Wi-Fi based device that helps to lock/unlock all kinds of doors. Internet access allows to control doors all over the world by a simple mobile application. The app developed can be used in two modes ADMIN and GUEST mode. The ADMIN mode is protected by pin/password and is encrypted by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The password can be stored in the Key store and it can be changed whenever required. The ADMIN mode has the privilege to authenticate the GUEST mode to access all doors. For GUEST mode authentication, guests have to request the admin by using the app. Firebase is used as a server where the device and the mobile app are connected to it. Firebase is fast and accurate and hence can be accessed quickly. The main advantage of this proposed method is that it is fully operated through Internet so it can locked/unlocked wherever from the world. Comparative analysis is taken for three algorithms i.e., AES, DES and 3-DES and AES algorithm has given the best results in terms of execution time and memory usage and is implemented in the hardware lock. The experimental results give the screen shots of the app in guest and admin mode, firebase data and hardware real time implementation of the smart lock on a door.
Screening for drought tolerance requires precise techniques like phonemics, which is an emerging ... more Screening for drought tolerance requires precise techniques like phonemics, which is an emerging science aimed at non-destructive methods allowing large-scale screening of genotypes. Large-scale screening complements genomic efforts to identify genes relevant for crop improvement. Thirty maize inbred lines from various sources (exotic and indigenous) maintained at Dryland Agriculture Research Station were used in the current study. In the automated plant transport and imaging systems (LemnaTec Scanalyzer system for large plants), top and side view images were taken of the VIS (visible) and NIR (near infrared) range of the light spectrum to capture phenes. All images were obtained with a thermal imager. All sensors were used to collect images one day after shifting the pots from the greenhouse for 11 days. Image processing was done using pre-processing, segmentation and flowered by features’ extraction. Different surrogate traits such as pixel area, plant aspect ratio, convex hull ra...
Precise estimation of crop water requirement is essential for efficient water management of crops... more Precise estimation of crop water requirement is essential for efficient water management of crops. Reference evapotranspiration plays a vital role in determining the water requirements of crops as well as planning of irrigation. The present study has been undertaken to determine the water requirement of major crops cultivated in the Srinagar District of Kashmir Valley on the basis of reference evapotranspiration and pan evaporation measurements. The crops used for the study are paddy, wheat, maize and pulses. Reference evapotranspiration was estimated by Penmen-Monteith method using standard meteorological data for a period of four years (2012-2015). The results showed that the total water requirement is maximum for paddy crop being 573.8 mm by Penmen-Monteith method and 721.4 mm by pan evaporation method. Wheat crop requires minimum water being 343 mm by Penmen-Monteith method and 134.3 mm by pan evaporation method. The water requirement for maize and pulses was in between paddy and wheat being 485.7 mm and 644.1 mm for maize by Penmen-Monteith method and pan evaporation method respectively. For pulses the water requirement was 370 mm by Penmen-Monteith method and 510.8 mm by pan evaporation method.
The crop growth simulation driven by daily climatic data can be used to predict the yield under v... more The crop growth simulation driven by daily climatic data can be used to predict the yield under varied climatic conditions. The simulation model can be exploited to reduce production risk and to evaluate the effect of soil, water, field management and climate on crop production. In this study, the FAO AquaCrop model was calibrated and validated for maize under varied sowing dates during 2012 and 2013. The experiment was conducted at Shalimar Campus of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir during kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013. Calibration was done using data of 28 April sowing of 2012 and validation was done by using data of 10 May and 25 May sowing of 2012, and 28 April, 10 May and 25 May sowing of 2013. The simulated grain yield and crop water use was acceptable as root mean square error (RMSE) between simulated and measured observations was low (≤0.05 t ha−1 and ≤16.72 mm) with high coefficient of efficiency (0.99 and 0.71), respectively. T...
Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology, 2013
Lymphangioma of the spleen, a cystic, benign and slow growing tumor, is rarely seen in children a... more Lymphangioma of the spleen, a cystic, benign and slow growing tumor, is rarely seen in children and in adults and usually found only incidentally. We would like to report a case of a splenic lymphangioma in a 33-year-old female that presented to our hospital. To our knowledge this is the first case of its kind being reported from the Indian subcontinent in over 35 years. The previous case was reported in 1974 by Devi et al. In addition to this, our case is also unique because of the age of the patient and the size of the lymphangioma being one of the largest reported so far. This case report will be followed with a detailed literature review of splenic lymphangioma and its management.
On the penultimate day before members sealed the agreement, for well over 15 hours, the green roo... more On the penultimate day before members sealed the agreement, for well over 15 hours, the green room battle among select-countries saw the US reluctantly conceding major changes in the trade-distorting domestic support, the EU and the G-10 on sensitive products in ...
close to 94 million individual prescriptions for generic simvastatin were issued in 2010. Myopath... more close to 94 million individual prescriptions for generic simvastatin were issued in 2010. Myopathy is an uncommon, but well-described side effect of statin therapy. Drug interactions increase the risk of statin-associated myopathy by as much as ten-fold. 2 Statinassociated myopathies generally resolve after discontinuation of the drug; however, in rare cases of statin-associated autoimmune myopathy, symptoms may persist or worsen after the drug is discontinued, requiring immunosuppressive therapy. Polymyositis is a rare side effect of statin therapy that is characterized by symmetric proximal muscle weakness and the persistence of symptoms even after discontinuation of the drug. Here we describe a patient with probable polymyositis in whom drug interactions may have played a role. A man, age 59 years, presented in September 2011 with complaints of insidious onset of weakness, muscle soreness, and trouble climbing stairs for 5 months. The patient had symptoms in both upper and lower extremities, but his symptoms were more pronounced in the hip flexors. He described his symptoms as gradually worsening and denied any history of viral illness or fever.
Nearly four decades ago, a circadian pattern of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a peak in ... more Nearly four decades ago, a circadian pattern of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a peak in the early morning waking hours was described. The goal of the present study was to determine whether major changes in lifestyle and significant advances in medical therapy have altered this pattern in the intervening years. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Tertiary care hospital in central Wisconsin. Methods: We examined circadian patterns of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 519 patients diagnosed with STEMI over a 5-year period. Time of symptom onset was obtained from patient self-reports in the medical record and was recorded over 24 hours. Results: We observed a circadian pattern of STEMI occurrence with a morning peak at approximately 11:30 AM. This pattern was highly significant in patients who were not using beta-blockers (P <0.0001) and had no history of diabetes (P <0.0001), but was otherwise absent. The circadian pattern appeared to be attenuated in patients of a younger age, female gender, or who used statins or aspirin. Peak STEMI occurrence was earlier in smokers than non-smokers. Conclusions: Despite significant lifestyle changes and medical advances in the nearly four decades since a circadian pattern of AMI occurrence was first described, patients with STEMI had a circadian pattern of symptom onset with a morning peak. Use of beta-blockers and a history of diabetes mellitus abolished this pattern. Other modifying factors, including medications, age, and gender attenuated, but did not abolish, the circadian pattern.
Attaching heat spreader into the IC package is a known and common solution for devices with speci... more Attaching heat spreader into the IC package is a known and common solution for devices with specific thermal requirement. This is usually seen on medium to big size packages such as PBGA where space is not a constraint. However, for chip-scale package (CSP) where ...
Convincing evidence has been found for the similarities in physical and chemical characteristics ... more Convincing evidence has been found for the similarities in physical and chemical characteristics of shilajit and soil humus. Structural similarities of building blocks of the humus core of shilajit and two soil samples have been established by acid hydrolysis of ...
Department of Transfusion Medicine, Background and Objective: While medical fraternity globally r... more Department of Transfusion Medicine, Background and Objective: While medical fraternity globally recognizes the role of platelet transfusion in the Indraprastha Apollo management of hospitalized dengue patients the exact indications and situations in which these are to be transfused Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, may vary. Since there is inherent risk associated with the transfusion of blood/blood-component, it is imperative for New Delhi-110 076, each institution (or country) to lay their own criteria for transfusion of these blood components. The present study was conducted to lay precise criteria and transfusion trigger for platelet transfusion in our setup. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 225 serologically confirmed dengue patients admitted at Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals between 1 st of August to 30 th of November 2005. Clinical data, reports of hematological investigation, platelets requirements and data obtained from daily follow-up were analyzed. The clinicians followed the guidelines issued by the Directorate of Health services, NCT of Delhi. Results: In the serologically confirmed cases, the prevalence of thrombocytopenia (count less than 100,000/cumm) was 84.88% on admission and bleeding was recorded in 22 (9.7%) patients. About 96 (42.6%) patients of dengue cases received platelet transfusion. Among them 47 (20.88%) patients had a platelet count <20,000/cumm, 43 (19.11%) had a platelet count in the range of 21-40,000/cumm while 6 (2.66%) patients had the platelet count in between 41 and 50,000/cumm. Out of 49 patients with a platelet count >20,000/cumm, 18 patients had haemorrhagic manifestations such as petechiae, gum-bleeding, epistaxis, etc., which necessitates the use of platelet transfusion. However, 31 patients received inappropriate platelet transfusion. Conclusion: This study suggests that bleeding occurs more often in patients with severe thrombocytopenia. High-risk patients having platelet count <20,000/cumm and risk of bleeding require urgent platelet transfusion. Patients with platelet count 21-40,000/cumm are in moderate risk and require platelet transfusion only if they have any haemorrhagic manifestations and other superadded conditions.
CASE REPORT A 55-year-old male patient was referred with a complaint of growth in the left upper ... more CASE REPORT A 55-year-old male patient was referred with a complaint of growth in the left upper posterior region of the maxilla for the past 4 months. He was apparently healthy and no abnormalities were detected on extra oral examination. On intra-oral examination, a non ...
Spatial indexes play a major role in fast access to spatial and location data. Most commercial ap... more Spatial indexes play a major role in fast access to spatial and location data. Most commercial applications insert new data in bulk: in batches or arrays. In this paper, we propose a novel bulk insertion technique for R-Trees that is fast and does not compromise on the quality of the resulting index. We present our experiences with incorporating the proposed bulk insertion strategies into Oracle 10i. Experiments with real datasets show that our bulk insertion strategy improves performance of insert operations by 50%-90%.
Study of electronically tunable circular patch antenna
In this paper, An electronically tuned circular patch antenna with good radiation pattern is prop... more In this paper, An electronically tuned circular patch antenna with good radiation pattern is proposed and studies. patch antenna has been designed with predicted obtainable tuning range. Electronic tunablity is achieved by connecting Varactor diodes thus altering the capacitance of the patch and hence resonant frequency. Although this antenna has a low bandwidth, electronic tuning allow a large band to
Autonomous use of fractal structure in low cost, multiband and compact navigational antenna
ABSTRACT Different fractal structures and their relevance in navigational antennas have been stud... more ABSTRACT Different fractal structures and their relevance in navigational antennas have been studied. Based on multiband characteristics and performance of sierpinski gasket fractal structures, a dual band, low profile antenna is devised in this paper. Classical fractal structures have been generated with extensive use of MATLAB, dimensions o f the parasitic layers are determined via several optimizations in MathCAD and finally design analysis is carried out using Ansoft Designer. The performance of this antenna is theoretically measured in terms of its return loss, gain radiation pattern and axial ratio. The multi layered physical antenna has been fabricated using glass epoxy substrate material contributing acceptable bandwidth in both bands. The measured performance of the fabricated antenna has been analyzed and evaluated with the theoretical outcomes.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view i... more If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. Information about this may be contained in the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. ...
Climate Scenario in Cold Arid Region and its Future Prediction
Climate Change and Agriculture in India: Impact and Adaptation
Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir State is characterized by excessive aridity and severe moistur... more Ladakh region of Jammu and Kashmir State is characterized by excessive aridity and severe moisture deficit throughout the year. On one side of the region are the Karakoram ranges while on the other side lie the mighty Greater Himalayas and Zanskar ranges. Together these impart a rain shadow effect to the region resulting in very low annual precipitation. With scarce water resources, such regions show high sensitivity and vulnerability to the change in climate and need urgent attention. The objective of this study is to understand the climate scenario in the cold arid region of Ladakh region and to characterize its changing climate. The climate over Leh has shown a warming trend with reduced precipitation. The reduced average seasonal precipitation may be associated with some indications of reducing number of days with higher precipitation amounts over the region.
2021 Third International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA)
This paper proposes a real time implementation of a smart key which is a Wi-Fi based device that ... more This paper proposes a real time implementation of a smart key which is a Wi-Fi based device that helps to lock/unlock all kinds of doors. Internet access allows to control doors all over the world by a simple mobile application. The app developed can be used in two modes ADMIN and GUEST mode. The ADMIN mode is protected by pin/password and is encrypted by the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm. The password can be stored in the Key store and it can be changed whenever required. The ADMIN mode has the privilege to authenticate the GUEST mode to access all doors. For GUEST mode authentication, guests have to request the admin by using the app. Firebase is used as a server where the device and the mobile app are connected to it. Firebase is fast and accurate and hence can be accessed quickly. The main advantage of this proposed method is that it is fully operated through Internet so it can locked/unlocked wherever from the world. Comparative analysis is taken for three algorithms i.e., AES, DES and 3-DES and AES algorithm has given the best results in terms of execution time and memory usage and is implemented in the hardware lock. The experimental results give the screen shots of the app in guest and admin mode, firebase data and hardware real time implementation of the smart lock on a door.
Screening for drought tolerance requires precise techniques like phonemics, which is an emerging ... more Screening for drought tolerance requires precise techniques like phonemics, which is an emerging science aimed at non-destructive methods allowing large-scale screening of genotypes. Large-scale screening complements genomic efforts to identify genes relevant for crop improvement. Thirty maize inbred lines from various sources (exotic and indigenous) maintained at Dryland Agriculture Research Station were used in the current study. In the automated plant transport and imaging systems (LemnaTec Scanalyzer system for large plants), top and side view images were taken of the VIS (visible) and NIR (near infrared) range of the light spectrum to capture phenes. All images were obtained with a thermal imager. All sensors were used to collect images one day after shifting the pots from the greenhouse for 11 days. Image processing was done using pre-processing, segmentation and flowered by features’ extraction. Different surrogate traits such as pixel area, plant aspect ratio, convex hull ra...
Precise estimation of crop water requirement is essential for efficient water management of crops... more Precise estimation of crop water requirement is essential for efficient water management of crops. Reference evapotranspiration plays a vital role in determining the water requirements of crops as well as planning of irrigation. The present study has been undertaken to determine the water requirement of major crops cultivated in the Srinagar District of Kashmir Valley on the basis of reference evapotranspiration and pan evaporation measurements. The crops used for the study are paddy, wheat, maize and pulses. Reference evapotranspiration was estimated by Penmen-Monteith method using standard meteorological data for a period of four years (2012-2015). The results showed that the total water requirement is maximum for paddy crop being 573.8 mm by Penmen-Monteith method and 721.4 mm by pan evaporation method. Wheat crop requires minimum water being 343 mm by Penmen-Monteith method and 134.3 mm by pan evaporation method. The water requirement for maize and pulses was in between paddy and wheat being 485.7 mm and 644.1 mm for maize by Penmen-Monteith method and pan evaporation method respectively. For pulses the water requirement was 370 mm by Penmen-Monteith method and 510.8 mm by pan evaporation method.
The crop growth simulation driven by daily climatic data can be used to predict the yield under v... more The crop growth simulation driven by daily climatic data can be used to predict the yield under varied climatic conditions. The simulation model can be exploited to reduce production risk and to evaluate the effect of soil, water, field management and climate on crop production. In this study, the FAO AquaCrop model was calibrated and validated for maize under varied sowing dates during 2012 and 2013. The experiment was conducted at Shalimar Campus of Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir during kharif seasons of 2012 and 2013. Calibration was done using data of 28 April sowing of 2012 and validation was done by using data of 10 May and 25 May sowing of 2012, and 28 April, 10 May and 25 May sowing of 2013. The simulated grain yield and crop water use was acceptable as root mean square error (RMSE) between simulated and measured observations was low (≤0.05 t ha−1 and ≤16.72 mm) with high coefficient of efficiency (0.99 and 0.71), respectively. T...
Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology, 2013
Lymphangioma of the spleen, a cystic, benign and slow growing tumor, is rarely seen in children a... more Lymphangioma of the spleen, a cystic, benign and slow growing tumor, is rarely seen in children and in adults and usually found only incidentally. We would like to report a case of a splenic lymphangioma in a 33-year-old female that presented to our hospital. To our knowledge this is the first case of its kind being reported from the Indian subcontinent in over 35 years. The previous case was reported in 1974 by Devi et al. In addition to this, our case is also unique because of the age of the patient and the size of the lymphangioma being one of the largest reported so far. This case report will be followed with a detailed literature review of splenic lymphangioma and its management.
On the penultimate day before members sealed the agreement, for well over 15 hours, the green roo... more On the penultimate day before members sealed the agreement, for well over 15 hours, the green room battle among select-countries saw the US reluctantly conceding major changes in the trade-distorting domestic support, the EU and the G-10 on sensitive products in ...
close to 94 million individual prescriptions for generic simvastatin were issued in 2010. Myopath... more close to 94 million individual prescriptions for generic simvastatin were issued in 2010. Myopathy is an uncommon, but well-described side effect of statin therapy. Drug interactions increase the risk of statin-associated myopathy by as much as ten-fold. 2 Statinassociated myopathies generally resolve after discontinuation of the drug; however, in rare cases of statin-associated autoimmune myopathy, symptoms may persist or worsen after the drug is discontinued, requiring immunosuppressive therapy. Polymyositis is a rare side effect of statin therapy that is characterized by symmetric proximal muscle weakness and the persistence of symptoms even after discontinuation of the drug. Here we describe a patient with probable polymyositis in whom drug interactions may have played a role. A man, age 59 years, presented in September 2011 with complaints of insidious onset of weakness, muscle soreness, and trouble climbing stairs for 5 months. The patient had symptoms in both upper and lower extremities, but his symptoms were more pronounced in the hip flexors. He described his symptoms as gradually worsening and denied any history of viral illness or fever.
Nearly four decades ago, a circadian pattern of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a peak in ... more Nearly four decades ago, a circadian pattern of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with a peak in the early morning waking hours was described. The goal of the present study was to determine whether major changes in lifestyle and significant advances in medical therapy have altered this pattern in the intervening years. Design: Retrospective chart review. Setting: Tertiary care hospital in central Wisconsin. Methods: We examined circadian patterns of ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in 519 patients diagnosed with STEMI over a 5-year period. Time of symptom onset was obtained from patient self-reports in the medical record and was recorded over 24 hours. Results: We observed a circadian pattern of STEMI occurrence with a morning peak at approximately 11:30 AM. This pattern was highly significant in patients who were not using beta-blockers (P <0.0001) and had no history of diabetes (P <0.0001), but was otherwise absent. The circadian pattern appeared to be attenuated in patients of a younger age, female gender, or who used statins or aspirin. Peak STEMI occurrence was earlier in smokers than non-smokers. Conclusions: Despite significant lifestyle changes and medical advances in the nearly four decades since a circadian pattern of AMI occurrence was first described, patients with STEMI had a circadian pattern of symptom onset with a morning peak. Use of beta-blockers and a history of diabetes mellitus abolished this pattern. Other modifying factors, including medications, age, and gender attenuated, but did not abolish, the circadian pattern.
Attaching heat spreader into the IC package is a known and common solution for devices with speci... more Attaching heat spreader into the IC package is a known and common solution for devices with specific thermal requirement. This is usually seen on medium to big size packages such as PBGA where space is not a constraint. However, for chip-scale package (CSP) where ...
Convincing evidence has been found for the similarities in physical and chemical characteristics ... more Convincing evidence has been found for the similarities in physical and chemical characteristics of shilajit and soil humus. Structural similarities of building blocks of the humus core of shilajit and two soil samples have been established by acid hydrolysis of ...
Department of Transfusion Medicine, Background and Objective: While medical fraternity globally r... more Department of Transfusion Medicine, Background and Objective: While medical fraternity globally recognizes the role of platelet transfusion in the Indraprastha Apollo management of hospitalized dengue patients the exact indications and situations in which these are to be transfused Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, may vary. Since there is inherent risk associated with the transfusion of blood/blood-component, it is imperative for New Delhi-110 076, each institution (or country) to lay their own criteria for transfusion of these blood components. The present study was conducted to lay precise criteria and transfusion trigger for platelet transfusion in our setup. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted on 225 serologically confirmed dengue patients admitted at Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals between 1 st of August to 30 th of November 2005. Clinical data, reports of hematological investigation, platelets requirements and data obtained from daily follow-up were analyzed. The clinicians followed the guidelines issued by the Directorate of Health services, NCT of Delhi. Results: In the serologically confirmed cases, the prevalence of thrombocytopenia (count less than 100,000/cumm) was 84.88% on admission and bleeding was recorded in 22 (9.7%) patients. About 96 (42.6%) patients of dengue cases received platelet transfusion. Among them 47 (20.88%) patients had a platelet count <20,000/cumm, 43 (19.11%) had a platelet count in the range of 21-40,000/cumm while 6 (2.66%) patients had the platelet count in between 41 and 50,000/cumm. Out of 49 patients with a platelet count >20,000/cumm, 18 patients had haemorrhagic manifestations such as petechiae, gum-bleeding, epistaxis, etc., which necessitates the use of platelet transfusion. However, 31 patients received inappropriate platelet transfusion. Conclusion: This study suggests that bleeding occurs more often in patients with severe thrombocytopenia. High-risk patients having platelet count <20,000/cumm and risk of bleeding require urgent platelet transfusion. Patients with platelet count 21-40,000/cumm are in moderate risk and require platelet transfusion only if they have any haemorrhagic manifestations and other superadded conditions.
CASE REPORT A 55-year-old male patient was referred with a complaint of growth in the left upper ... more CASE REPORT A 55-year-old male patient was referred with a complaint of growth in the left upper posterior region of the maxilla for the past 4 months. He was apparently healthy and no abnormalities were detected on extra oral examination. On intra-oral examination, a non ...
Spatial indexes play a major role in fast access to spatial and location data. Most commercial ap... more Spatial indexes play a major role in fast access to spatial and location data. Most commercial applications insert new data in bulk: in batches or arrays. In this paper, we propose a novel bulk insertion technique for R-Trees that is fast and does not compromise on the quality of the resulting index. We present our experiences with incorporating the proposed bulk insertion strategies into Oracle 10i. Experiments with real datasets show that our bulk insertion strategy improves performance of insert operations by 50%-90%.
Study of electronically tunable circular patch antenna
In this paper, An electronically tuned circular patch antenna with good radiation pattern is prop... more In this paper, An electronically tuned circular patch antenna with good radiation pattern is proposed and studies. patch antenna has been designed with predicted obtainable tuning range. Electronic tunablity is achieved by connecting Varactor diodes thus altering the capacitance of the patch and hence resonant frequency. Although this antenna has a low bandwidth, electronic tuning allow a large band to
Autonomous use of fractal structure in low cost, multiband and compact navigational antenna
ABSTRACT Different fractal structures and their relevance in navigational antennas have been stud... more ABSTRACT Different fractal structures and their relevance in navigational antennas have been studied. Based on multiband characteristics and performance of sierpinski gasket fractal structures, a dual band, low profile antenna is devised in this paper. Classical fractal structures have been generated with extensive use of MATLAB, dimensions o f the parasitic layers are determined via several optimizations in MathCAD and finally design analysis is carried out using Ansoft Designer. The performance of this antenna is theoretically measured in terms of its return loss, gain radiation pattern and axial ratio. The multi layered physical antenna has been fabricated using glass epoxy substrate material contributing acceptable bandwidth in both bands. The measured performance of the fabricated antenna has been analyzed and evaluated with the theoretical outcomes.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view i... more If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. Information about this may be contained in the File-Format links below. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. ...
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Papers by RAGUL KANTH