Cutis laxa and lamellar ichthyosis are two rare, genetically‐determined skin disorders. The pedig... more Cutis laxa and lamellar ichthyosis are two rare, genetically‐determined skin disorders. The pedigree reported represents the first documentation of the occurrence of these two disorders in a single sibship.
Recent archaeological survey on the island of Carriacou in the West Indies revealed numerous site... more Recent archaeological survey on the island of Carriacou in the West Indies revealed numerous sites that were heavily eroding and under threat of destruction by visitors, looters, or developers. In an attempt to record these rapidly disappearing sites and provide the first chronology for the island’s prehistory, we collected samples for radiocarbon dating from the Sabazan site on the eastern coast. Results suggest that the site was occupied intensively from about AD 700-1130. These dates compare well with the only other dates from Carriacou and nearby Union, indicating a strong post-Saladoid presence in the Grenadines. _____________________________________
Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in ... more Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in the southern Grenadines, West Indies offers preliminary insight into resource exploitation, manufacturing techniques, and the distribution of pottery from ca. AD 400-1200. Thin-section petrography of two different suites of sherds (Suite 1: n=24 from six sites; Suite 2: n=54 from five of the same sites plus three others) indicates that there are at least five temper groups, all or most of which appear to be exotic to Carriacou. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of 56 sherds from Suite 2 reveals the existence of two main geochemical compositional groups. This may be a reflection of prehistoric potters selecting clays derived from two geochemically different substrates in the location(s) of manufacture. A comparison of these findings suggest that: 1) exotic materials are predominant in manufacture; 2) both local and regional transport of ceramics occurred prehistorically; 3) the correspondence between the temper and INAA compositional groups is unclear, suggesting that the paste geochemistry might mask minor temper differences; and 4) clay and temper preferences may have changed through time, although this will require further testing.
Abstract Archaeological research on Carriacou in the southern Grenadines has demonstrated that de... more Abstract Archaeological research on Carriacou in the southern Grenadines has demonstrated that despite its relatively small size, the island was inhabited prehistorically for at least a thousand years (ca. AD 400-1400) and has an unusually large number of sites. Over the past decade we have conducted research at two major coastal village sites— Grand Bay and Sabazan—that have revealed an archaeologically rich heritage, but one that is also extremely threatened as a result of looting, sand mining, and tidal erosion. Here we provide a brief summary of research from seven field seasons on Carriacou with a focus on results from the 2014 project in what has become one of the longest continuously running field programs in the region. Results demonstrate that Carriacou was: 1) settled slightly later in time (ca. AD 400) compared to nearby islands with higher elevations; 2) engaged in widespread exchange with other islands and possibly mainland South America as evidenced by the discovery of translocated animals, non-local pottery, and ritual objects; and 3) heavily focused on the exploitation of marine resources for subsistence.
Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in ... more Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in the southern Grenadines, West Indies offers preliminary insight into resource exploitation, manufacturing techniques, and the distribution of pottery from ca. AD 400-1200. Thin-section petrography of two different suites of sherds (Suite 1: n=24 from six sites; Suite 2: n=54 from five of the same sites plus
Under the direction of Kaye, Fitzpatrick and Kappers, a total of 37 staff and students from UCL a... more Under the direction of Kaye, Fitzpatrick and Kappers, a total of 37 staff and students from UCL and various US universities conducted archaeological investigations on Carriacou, West Indies in July/August 2008. Our goal this year was to continue excavating Grand Bay's dense midden deposits and expand the investigation of Sabazan to obtain comparative site data. Other objectives this season were to continue to monitor and map coastal erosion at Grand Bay and intensify our efforts at public awareness and appreciation of archaeology by encouraging site visits, organising a public open day, conducting a series of television, radio, and newspaper interviews, and lobbying newly elected government ministers and other public officials to protect and preserve Grenada's rich cultural heritage. Here we present the brief results of the 2008 project and outline future goals for doing public archaeology in a nation that has not often considered such efforts.
Recent archaeological survey on the island of Carriacou in the West Indies revealed numerous site... more Recent archaeological survey on the island of Carriacou in the West Indies revealed numerous sites that were heavily eroding and under threat of destruction by visitors, looters, or developers. In an attempt to record these rapidly disappearing sites and provide the first chronology for the island's prehistory, we collected samples for radiocarbon dating from the Sabazan site on the eastern
Ceramic snuffing tubes and inhaling bowls used for ingesting hallucinogenic substances are known ... more Ceramic snuffing tubes and inhaling bowls used for ingesting hallucinogenic substances are known from several islands in the West Indies, but their chronological distribution is often vague. A partial inhaling bowl found at the site of Grand Bay on Carriacou in deposits dating between ca. A.D. 1000-1200, along with two other unprovenienced specimens from the local museum, were dated using luminescence (TL and OSL) to determine their antiquity. Surprisingly, the dates had a weighted average of 400 AE 189 B.C., making them several hundred years older than all 14 C assays from the island; however, they do overlap in age with similar artifacts found on Puerto Rico and Vieques Island over 750 km away. Additional luminescence dating of two stylistically distinct Suazan ceramic sherds excavated from stratified deposits at Grand Bay fall within the expected ceramic and radiocarbon chronology. These data, coupled with petrographic analysis of the specimens, suggests that they were not made using local materials. Instead, they appear to have been transported to the island, possibly hundreds of years later, as heirlooms. This may be the first evidence for inter-island transport of drug paraphernalia in the Caribbean.
The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 2007
The Grenadines, part of the Lesser Antilles, are a chain of six major and numerous smaller island... more The Grenadines, part of the Lesser Antilles, are a chain of six major and numerous smaller islands in the southern Caribbean located approximately 200 km north of Venezuela and which stretch for about 60 km between Grenada in the south and St. Vincent in the north (Figure 1). Although antiquarians and a host of avocational and professional archaeologists have visited these islands since the early 1900s, archaeological research has been relatively light and sporadic compared to other parts of the Lesser and Greater Antilles.
The first systematic archaeological investigation of Precolumbian sites on the island of Carriaco... more The first systematic archaeological investigation of Precolumbian sites on the island of Carriacou in the West Indies provides a rich source of information regarding Amerindian settlement in the southern Caribbean. Herein) we report resultsfrom an island-wide survey and subsequent excavation at two la'J'lJe village sites-Grand Bay and Sabazan-that provide evidencefor an intensive late Ceramic Age occupation dating between CAL. A.D.
Ceramic snuffing tubes and inhaling bowls used for ingesting hallucinogenic substances are known ... more Ceramic snuffing tubes and inhaling bowls used for ingesting hallucinogenic substances are known from several islands in the West Indies, but their chronological distribution is often vague. A partial inhaling bowl found at the site of Grand Bay on Carriacou in deposits dating between ca. A.D. 1000-1200, along with two other unprovenienced specimens from the local museum, were dated using luminescence (TL and OSL) to determine their antiquity. Surprisingly, the dates had a weighted average of 400 AE 189 B.C., making them several hundred years older than all 14 C assays from the island; however, they do overlap in age with similar artifacts found on Puerto Rico and Vieques Island over 750 km away. Additional luminescence dating of two stylistically distinct Suazan ceramic sherds excavated from stratified deposits at Grand Bay fall within the expected ceramic and radiocarbon chronology. These data, coupled with petrographic analysis of the specimens, suggests that they were not made using local materials. Instead, they appear to have been transported to the island, possibly hundreds of years later, as heirlooms. This may be the first evidence for inter-island transport of drug paraphernalia in the Caribbean.
Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in ... more Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in the southern Grenadines, West Indies offers preliminary insight into resource exploitation, manufacturing techniques, and the distribution of pottery from ca. AD 400-1200. Thin-section petrography of two different suites of sherds (Suite 1: n=24 from six sites; Suite 2: n=54 from five of the same sites plus three others) indicates that there are at least five temper groups, all or most of which appear to be exotic to Carriacou. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of 56 sherds from Suite 2 reveals the existence of two main geochemical compositional groups. This may be a reflection of prehistoric potters selecting clays derived from two geochemically different substrates in the location(s) of manufacture. A comparison of these findings suggest that: 1) exotic materials are predominant in manufacture; 2) both local and regional transport of ceramics occurred prehistorically; 3) the correspondence between the temper and INAA compositional groups is unclear, suggesting that the paste geochemistry might mask minor temper differences; and 4) clay and temper preferences may have changed through time, although this will require further testing.
Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in ... more Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in the southern Grenadines, West Indies offers preliminary insight into resource exploitation, manufacturing techniques, and the distribution of pottery from ca. AD 400–1200. Thin-section petrography of two different suites of sherds (Suite 1: n=24 from six sites; Suite 2: n=54 from five of the same sites plus three others) indicates that there are at least five temper groups, all or most of which appear to be exotic to Carriacou. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of 56 sherds from Suite 2 reveals the existence of two main geochemical compositional groups. This may be a reflection of prehistoric potters selecting clays derived from two geochemically different substrates in the location(s) of manufacture. A comparison of these findings suggest that: 1) exotic materials are predominant in manufacture; 2) both local and regional transport of ceramics occurred prehistorically; 3) the correspondence between the temper and INAA compositional groups is unclear, suggesting that the paste geochemistry might mask minor temper differences; and 4) clay and temper preferences may have changed through time, although this will require further testing.
Cutis laxa and lamellar ichthyosis are two rare, genetically‐determined skin disorders. The pedig... more Cutis laxa and lamellar ichthyosis are two rare, genetically‐determined skin disorders. The pedigree reported represents the first documentation of the occurrence of these two disorders in a single sibship.
Recent archaeological survey on the island of Carriacou in the West Indies revealed numerous site... more Recent archaeological survey on the island of Carriacou in the West Indies revealed numerous sites that were heavily eroding and under threat of destruction by visitors, looters, or developers. In an attempt to record these rapidly disappearing sites and provide the first chronology for the island’s prehistory, we collected samples for radiocarbon dating from the Sabazan site on the eastern coast. Results suggest that the site was occupied intensively from about AD 700-1130. These dates compare well with the only other dates from Carriacou and nearby Union, indicating a strong post-Saladoid presence in the Grenadines. _____________________________________
Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in ... more Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in the southern Grenadines, West Indies offers preliminary insight into resource exploitation, manufacturing techniques, and the distribution of pottery from ca. AD 400-1200. Thin-section petrography of two different suites of sherds (Suite 1: n=24 from six sites; Suite 2: n=54 from five of the same sites plus three others) indicates that there are at least five temper groups, all or most of which appear to be exotic to Carriacou. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of 56 sherds from Suite 2 reveals the existence of two main geochemical compositional groups. This may be a reflection of prehistoric potters selecting clays derived from two geochemically different substrates in the location(s) of manufacture. A comparison of these findings suggest that: 1) exotic materials are predominant in manufacture; 2) both local and regional transport of ceramics occurred prehistorically; 3) the correspondence between the temper and INAA compositional groups is unclear, suggesting that the paste geochemistry might mask minor temper differences; and 4) clay and temper preferences may have changed through time, although this will require further testing.
Abstract Archaeological research on Carriacou in the southern Grenadines has demonstrated that de... more Abstract Archaeological research on Carriacou in the southern Grenadines has demonstrated that despite its relatively small size, the island was inhabited prehistorically for at least a thousand years (ca. AD 400-1400) and has an unusually large number of sites. Over the past decade we have conducted research at two major coastal village sites— Grand Bay and Sabazan—that have revealed an archaeologically rich heritage, but one that is also extremely threatened as a result of looting, sand mining, and tidal erosion. Here we provide a brief summary of research from seven field seasons on Carriacou with a focus on results from the 2014 project in what has become one of the longest continuously running field programs in the region. Results demonstrate that Carriacou was: 1) settled slightly later in time (ca. AD 400) compared to nearby islands with higher elevations; 2) engaged in widespread exchange with other islands and possibly mainland South America as evidenced by the discovery of translocated animals, non-local pottery, and ritual objects; and 3) heavily focused on the exploitation of marine resources for subsistence.
Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in ... more Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in the southern Grenadines, West Indies offers preliminary insight into resource exploitation, manufacturing techniques, and the distribution of pottery from ca. AD 400-1200. Thin-section petrography of two different suites of sherds (Suite 1: n=24 from six sites; Suite 2: n=54 from five of the same sites plus
Under the direction of Kaye, Fitzpatrick and Kappers, a total of 37 staff and students from UCL a... more Under the direction of Kaye, Fitzpatrick and Kappers, a total of 37 staff and students from UCL and various US universities conducted archaeological investigations on Carriacou, West Indies in July/August 2008. Our goal this year was to continue excavating Grand Bay's dense midden deposits and expand the investigation of Sabazan to obtain comparative site data. Other objectives this season were to continue to monitor and map coastal erosion at Grand Bay and intensify our efforts at public awareness and appreciation of archaeology by encouraging site visits, organising a public open day, conducting a series of television, radio, and newspaper interviews, and lobbying newly elected government ministers and other public officials to protect and preserve Grenada's rich cultural heritage. Here we present the brief results of the 2008 project and outline future goals for doing public archaeology in a nation that has not often considered such efforts.
Recent archaeological survey on the island of Carriacou in the West Indies revealed numerous site... more Recent archaeological survey on the island of Carriacou in the West Indies revealed numerous sites that were heavily eroding and under threat of destruction by visitors, looters, or developers. In an attempt to record these rapidly disappearing sites and provide the first chronology for the island's prehistory, we collected samples for radiocarbon dating from the Sabazan site on the eastern
Ceramic snuffing tubes and inhaling bowls used for ingesting hallucinogenic substances are known ... more Ceramic snuffing tubes and inhaling bowls used for ingesting hallucinogenic substances are known from several islands in the West Indies, but their chronological distribution is often vague. A partial inhaling bowl found at the site of Grand Bay on Carriacou in deposits dating between ca. A.D. 1000-1200, along with two other unprovenienced specimens from the local museum, were dated using luminescence (TL and OSL) to determine their antiquity. Surprisingly, the dates had a weighted average of 400 AE 189 B.C., making them several hundred years older than all 14 C assays from the island; however, they do overlap in age with similar artifacts found on Puerto Rico and Vieques Island over 750 km away. Additional luminescence dating of two stylistically distinct Suazan ceramic sherds excavated from stratified deposits at Grand Bay fall within the expected ceramic and radiocarbon chronology. These data, coupled with petrographic analysis of the specimens, suggests that they were not made using local materials. Instead, they appear to have been transported to the island, possibly hundreds of years later, as heirlooms. This may be the first evidence for inter-island transport of drug paraphernalia in the Caribbean.
The Journal of Island and Coastal Archaeology, 2007
The Grenadines, part of the Lesser Antilles, are a chain of six major and numerous smaller island... more The Grenadines, part of the Lesser Antilles, are a chain of six major and numerous smaller islands in the southern Caribbean located approximately 200 km north of Venezuela and which stretch for about 60 km between Grenada in the south and St. Vincent in the north (Figure 1). Although antiquarians and a host of avocational and professional archaeologists have visited these islands since the early 1900s, archaeological research has been relatively light and sporadic compared to other parts of the Lesser and Greater Antilles.
The first systematic archaeological investigation of Precolumbian sites on the island of Carriaco... more The first systematic archaeological investigation of Precolumbian sites on the island of Carriacou in the West Indies provides a rich source of information regarding Amerindian settlement in the southern Caribbean. Herein) we report resultsfrom an island-wide survey and subsequent excavation at two la'J'lJe village sites-Grand Bay and Sabazan-that provide evidencefor an intensive late Ceramic Age occupation dating between CAL. A.D.
Ceramic snuffing tubes and inhaling bowls used for ingesting hallucinogenic substances are known ... more Ceramic snuffing tubes and inhaling bowls used for ingesting hallucinogenic substances are known from several islands in the West Indies, but their chronological distribution is often vague. A partial inhaling bowl found at the site of Grand Bay on Carriacou in deposits dating between ca. A.D. 1000-1200, along with two other unprovenienced specimens from the local museum, were dated using luminescence (TL and OSL) to determine their antiquity. Surprisingly, the dates had a weighted average of 400 AE 189 B.C., making them several hundred years older than all 14 C assays from the island; however, they do overlap in age with similar artifacts found on Puerto Rico and Vieques Island over 750 km away. Additional luminescence dating of two stylistically distinct Suazan ceramic sherds excavated from stratified deposits at Grand Bay fall within the expected ceramic and radiocarbon chronology. These data, coupled with petrographic analysis of the specimens, suggests that they were not made using local materials. Instead, they appear to have been transported to the island, possibly hundreds of years later, as heirlooms. This may be the first evidence for inter-island transport of drug paraphernalia in the Caribbean.
Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in ... more Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in the southern Grenadines, West Indies offers preliminary insight into resource exploitation, manufacturing techniques, and the distribution of pottery from ca. AD 400-1200. Thin-section petrography of two different suites of sherds (Suite 1: n=24 from six sites; Suite 2: n=54 from five of the same sites plus three others) indicates that there are at least five temper groups, all or most of which appear to be exotic to Carriacou. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of 56 sherds from Suite 2 reveals the existence of two main geochemical compositional groups. This may be a reflection of prehistoric potters selecting clays derived from two geochemically different substrates in the location(s) of manufacture. A comparison of these findings suggest that: 1) exotic materials are predominant in manufacture; 2) both local and regional transport of ceramics occurred prehistorically; 3) the correspondence between the temper and INAA compositional groups is unclear, suggesting that the paste geochemistry might mask minor temper differences; and 4) clay and temper preferences may have changed through time, although this will require further testing.
Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in ... more Petrographic and chemical analysis of prehistoric ceramic sherds from the island of Carriacou in the southern Grenadines, West Indies offers preliminary insight into resource exploitation, manufacturing techniques, and the distribution of pottery from ca. AD 400–1200. Thin-section petrography of two different suites of sherds (Suite 1: n=24 from six sites; Suite 2: n=54 from five of the same sites plus three others) indicates that there are at least five temper groups, all or most of which appear to be exotic to Carriacou. Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) of 56 sherds from Suite 2 reveals the existence of two main geochemical compositional groups. This may be a reflection of prehistoric potters selecting clays derived from two geochemically different substrates in the location(s) of manufacture. A comparison of these findings suggest that: 1) exotic materials are predominant in manufacture; 2) both local and regional transport of ceramics occurred prehistorically; 3) the correspondence between the temper and INAA compositional groups is unclear, suggesting that the paste geochemistry might mask minor temper differences; and 4) clay and temper preferences may have changed through time, although this will require further testing.
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