ABSTRACT Despite wide acceptability of TQM as a process intervention to maintain organizational p... more ABSTRACT Despite wide acceptability of TQM as a process intervention to maintain organizational performance, the research on specifics mediating mechanism that translate TQM practices into performance still need to be progressed for coherence. This paper reviews the scientific literature on organization’s learning as a mediator between TQM and organizational performance. The papers appearing after mid 1990s are selected through key word search, future citation of the most important papers and searching all important journals. Large number of research papers that investigates the impact of TQM on performance has identified organization learning as one of the most important mediating variables. This paper synthesis all such studies to examine why organizational learning is the most important mediator in this debate. Implications are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.
The maintenance and enhancement of organizational performance is a challenge for firms as they al... more The maintenance and enhancement of organizational performance is a challenge for firms as they always try to sustain competitive advantage. This challenge may be convened through the principles of total quality management (TQM). The organizations ought to understand what dimensions of quality management system are more important for performance enhancement. This paper focuses on four TQM dimensions; customer focus, continuous improvement, employee involvement, top management support to identify the most critical quality dimensions as predictor of organizational performance. The results are based on the empirical data collected from a self-administrative survey from 90 organizations (270 managers) of textile sector in Pakistan. Multiple linear regression results reveal that continuous improvement and employee involvement are the most critical dimensions for predicting organizational performance. Whereas, customer focus and top management support has no statistical significance for pr...
Learning from the experiences of the developed countries in their transition towards strategic HR... more Learning from the experiences of the developed countries in their transition towards strategic HRM, developing countries can make this journey in a lesser time. This paper briefly reviews evolution of the staff management after the industrial revolution in the western world. Taking strategic integration and devolvement a vital ingredient of strategic HRM the paper attempts to find antecedents of transition towards HRM in higher education institutes (HEIs) of Pakistan. The levels of the two types of integration are measured through a questionnaire based data in 52 HEIs. The predictors of the two integrations–presences of HR department, level of training of line managers, existence of HRM department since beginning and presence of written HR strategy–are the antecedent of transition towards strategic HRM. Implication of the study are discussed that may be useful for both practitioners and researchers interested in HRM in developing countries.
Despite wide recognition of the importance of relationship between HR professionals and line mana... more Despite wide recognition of the importance of relationship between HR professionals and line managers (HR-line relationship) in strategic HRM literature, no measurement construct is available that could grasp the complicated concept. We introduce a variable, HR-line relationship quality and propose a measurement construct for the variable. The first dimension of the variable covers the traditional elements - often measured in psychology and marketing. The second and third dimension covers HR specific elements based on the attitudes of HR professionals towards the line managers and vice versa. The proposed construct is validated through an empirical survey from a sample of HRM specialists and line managers. The paper concludes that HR-line relationship quality can be measured from a 34 item construct. This construct can be used to quantify HR-line relationship quality, which would be helpful to understand and manage the relationship for the success of strategic HRM.
The focus of capital structure research has now been diverted towards understanding the discrimin... more The focus of capital structure research has now been diverted towards understanding the discriminating features of different debt instruments and explaining why to select a specific type of debt among different options? When companies predominantly borrow from fewer debt types, it is regarded as debt specialization (DS). The existence of DS has been empirically confirmed in some of the developed countries. But, researchers are far from reaching a conclusion that DS is a global phenomenon. Therefore, this paper is aimed to extend the canvas of DS debate by proffering new evidences for the existence and relevance of DS strategy among different organizational grouping. We use panel data for 410 non-financial publically traded companies of Karachi Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2013. The results of cluster analysis, threshold and conditional debt structure has confirmed the presence of DS. Our empirical findings indicate that 67% of the organizations exclusively rely on a single type of de...
In search for the most active and important theories of ‘Management’, The class of ‘Theory Buildi... more In search for the most active and important theories of ‘Management’, The class of ‘Theory Building in Management-I (Fall 2013)’ identifies most active theories from the papers published in 2012 and 2013 in top 6 highest impact factors journals of the ‘Management’ as per Journal Citation Report (2012). The selection of the theories in this document are based on a) the activity of the theories in the 597 papers downloaded by the class, b) selection of most important work in Management by Smith and Hitt (2007), and c) counting of most cited theories by Owick et al., (2011). Out of the 150 most active theories in the subject, 40 have been compiled by the 23 students (Appendix A). This is an ongoing study that will ultimately identify 100 theories. The information compiled by the students lack in many ways due to their respective level of learning, comprehensiveness, standardization and rigor in this task. Still the document provides very useful information for students pursuing their M...
Organizational politics within the organization is considered as a source of stress and dissatisf... more Organizational politics within the organization is considered as a source of stress and dissatisfaction among employees. Many organizations are working to eradicate organizational politics within them, but most of them are unsuccessful to eliminate this epidemic phenomenon. By using data from 101 employees from different organizations in Lahore-Pakistan, this study reviews the relationship between perception of organizational politics and job attitudes (OC, JS and IL). This study also examines the role of self-efficacy and personal political skills in moderating the relationship between organizational politics and job outcomes. The results of the study imply that perception of organizational politics has significant negative effects on organizational commitment and job satisfaction and a positive but insignificant relationship with intention to leave. Personal political skill and self-efficacy moderates the relationship between POP & job outcomes. Politically skilled employees with ...
We examined the effect of incongruence in the areas of worklife (AWL) on burnout of nurses. Speci... more We examined the effect of incongruence in the areas of worklife (AWL) on burnout of nurses. Specifically, we were interested in identifying the most important AWL and interactions among AWL and psychological resilience in explaining nurses’ burnout. Incongruence in the worklife escalates burnout and resilience is a coping trait. The phenomenon needs to be studied in developing countries where entirely different health dilemmas exist. A cross sectional survey was conducted from 147 nurses. SEM through AMOS 21 and Process Macro of SPSS was used for data analysis. Two AWL namely control and reward, emerged out to be the most important factors in explaining burnout; community further mitigated reward-burnout relationship. Also, psychological resilience has a powerful independent explanatory role. Healthcare work environment must be equipped to minimize incongruence of the AWL. This congruence would need job redesigning to increase control of nurses over their jobs and reinforcement with...
The study aims to examine the process and contingency to explain the relationship between followe... more The study aims to examine the process and contingency to explain the relationship between follower’s proactive behavior and leader’s trust. Trust has been identified as one of the most critical elements of the high-quality relationship between a follower and leader and considered as a key boulevard through which followers can impact the behavior of their leaders. In this cross-sectional study, data is collected from leaders and followers (dyads) of a large corporation by conducting two self-administered surveys. Findings suggest that the proactive followers are more trustworthy in the eyes of their leaders. Perceived follower support plays a mediating role in this process. Further, we find that political skill of followers moderates this relationship. The study has significant implications for followership research, extending the comprehension about follower characteristics’ effect on their behaviors and leaders perception. We contribute to followership literature by empirically val...
Corporate Finance: Capital Structure & Payout Policies eJournal, 2017
This paper empirically investigates how the degree of debt specialization varies because of profi... more This paper empirically investigates how the degree of debt specialization varies because of profitability levels, affecting the organizational determinants and debt structure choices. Using a novel data of 419 firms from 2009 to 2015, we find a significant difference in the usage of debt types between the profitability sub-groups. Low profitable businesses incline more towards debt specialization than high profitable firms. However, short-term debts remain a prevalent source of borrowing regardless of profitability level for Pakistani companies. Our evidence also suggests that among the low profitability subsample, larger, riskier, growing companies with high expense ratios are more likely to be involved in the higher degrees of debt specialization, as compared to highly profitable businesses. Consistently, the preeminent reasons for debt specialization are information asymmetry, expected default risk, good reputation and accessibility to the debt market.
ERN: Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption (Topic), 2018
Diagnosis of culture is extremely important and in great demand in literature particularly when i... more Diagnosis of culture is extremely important and in great demand in literature particularly when it comes to public organizations which operate in complex and compelling social, political and economic environment. Scholars and practitioners also affirm that examining the culture of public organizations is a very complex and challenging task. It is well-known that any organizational development initiatives through a change of culture failed dramatically because the culture diagnosis is either ignored or not understood. Incidentally, in the public sector, empirical findings of the cultural diagnosis are either non-existent or sketchy. Therefore, we comprehensively diagnose the culture of a public organization by utilizing the most widely used competing values framework through sequential explanatory mixed method approach (a survey, observations and in-depth interviews). This ambitious research approach is undoubtedly very rare in diagnosing public sector organizational culture. This st...
How to maintain productivity from employees is one of the most crucial questions for organization... more How to maintain productivity from employees is one of the most crucial questions for organizations competing in current aggressive environment. The paper empirically investigates core self-evaluation (CSE) traits as potential predictors of job performance. By incorporating the anticipated emotions (guilt and gratitude), appropriate conditions necessary to direct high CSE towards performance are unveiled. Data is collected from 87 full time collection employees and 21 mangers of a local bank through two separate questionnaires. Results show a positive and significant relationship between CSE and job performance. Moreover, anticipated gratitude has the power to moderates this linkage along varying degrees of CSE while anticipated guilt is only moderating at lower level of CSE. The conclusions are elaborated in terms of their contribution and directions.
Corporate Finance: Capital Structure & Payout Policies eJournal, 2021
Recently, debt structure research has started focusing on the strategic perspective of financing ... more Recently, debt structure research has started focusing on the strategic perspective of financing choices, particularly to understand the reasons for debt specialization (DS). This paper examines trends of specialization over time and industry by using a comprehensive dataset on types of debt employed by the public limited companies during 2009–2018. The objective of the current study is to analyze the effect of debt market conditions by identifying significant predictors of DS. Time-series and cross-sectional results confirm the existence of DS, which is further validated by the findings of the cluster analysis. The empirical results indicate that overall, 61% of the companies solely rely on a single type of debt, mostly on short-term obligations accompanied by long-term secured and other debts. Moreover, small, mature, rated, group-affiliated, and low-leverage companies incline more towards this strategy. Credit rating, debt maturity, financial and interest coverage ratios serve as...
For making actual purchase in any category, the literature suggests that brand awareness plays a ... more For making actual purchase in any category, the literature suggests that brand awareness plays a vital role. Whereas in existing literature the conceptual properties of brand awareness were less tapped in finding their impact on actual purchase. Therefore, the current study examined the impact of the two properties of brand awareness, i.e., brand recall and brand recognition on actual purchase of the consumers also testing the moderating effect of price consciousness in the relationship between brand recognition and actual purchase. Majority of the respondents for the study were female shoppers at the retail stores as they are the consumers as well as they play an active role in home budgets. Two separate studies were conducted, i.e., for brand recognition and brand recall, and the survey used 175 responses (125 for brand recognition and 50 for brand recall). The results revealed that brand recall and brand recognition have a positive relation to actual purchase. No moderating effec...
ABSTRACT Despite wide acceptability of TQM as a process intervention to maintain organizational p... more ABSTRACT Despite wide acceptability of TQM as a process intervention to maintain organizational performance, the research on specifics mediating mechanism that translate TQM practices into performance still need to be progressed for coherence. This paper reviews the scientific literature on organization’s learning as a mediator between TQM and organizational performance. The papers appearing after mid 1990s are selected through key word search, future citation of the most important papers and searching all important journals. Large number of research papers that investigates the impact of TQM on performance has identified organization learning as one of the most important mediating variables. This paper synthesis all such studies to examine why organizational learning is the most important mediator in this debate. Implications are discussed and suggestions for future research are provided.
The maintenance and enhancement of organizational performance is a challenge for firms as they al... more The maintenance and enhancement of organizational performance is a challenge for firms as they always try to sustain competitive advantage. This challenge may be convened through the principles of total quality management (TQM). The organizations ought to understand what dimensions of quality management system are more important for performance enhancement. This paper focuses on four TQM dimensions; customer focus, continuous improvement, employee involvement, top management support to identify the most critical quality dimensions as predictor of organizational performance. The results are based on the empirical data collected from a self-administrative survey from 90 organizations (270 managers) of textile sector in Pakistan. Multiple linear regression results reveal that continuous improvement and employee involvement are the most critical dimensions for predicting organizational performance. Whereas, customer focus and top management support has no statistical significance for pr...
Learning from the experiences of the developed countries in their transition towards strategic HR... more Learning from the experiences of the developed countries in their transition towards strategic HRM, developing countries can make this journey in a lesser time. This paper briefly reviews evolution of the staff management after the industrial revolution in the western world. Taking strategic integration and devolvement a vital ingredient of strategic HRM the paper attempts to find antecedents of transition towards HRM in higher education institutes (HEIs) of Pakistan. The levels of the two types of integration are measured through a questionnaire based data in 52 HEIs. The predictors of the two integrations–presences of HR department, level of training of line managers, existence of HRM department since beginning and presence of written HR strategy–are the antecedent of transition towards strategic HRM. Implication of the study are discussed that may be useful for both practitioners and researchers interested in HRM in developing countries.
Despite wide recognition of the importance of relationship between HR professionals and line mana... more Despite wide recognition of the importance of relationship between HR professionals and line managers (HR-line relationship) in strategic HRM literature, no measurement construct is available that could grasp the complicated concept. We introduce a variable, HR-line relationship quality and propose a measurement construct for the variable. The first dimension of the variable covers the traditional elements - often measured in psychology and marketing. The second and third dimension covers HR specific elements based on the attitudes of HR professionals towards the line managers and vice versa. The proposed construct is validated through an empirical survey from a sample of HRM specialists and line managers. The paper concludes that HR-line relationship quality can be measured from a 34 item construct. This construct can be used to quantify HR-line relationship quality, which would be helpful to understand and manage the relationship for the success of strategic HRM.
The focus of capital structure research has now been diverted towards understanding the discrimin... more The focus of capital structure research has now been diverted towards understanding the discriminating features of different debt instruments and explaining why to select a specific type of debt among different options? When companies predominantly borrow from fewer debt types, it is regarded as debt specialization (DS). The existence of DS has been empirically confirmed in some of the developed countries. But, researchers are far from reaching a conclusion that DS is a global phenomenon. Therefore, this paper is aimed to extend the canvas of DS debate by proffering new evidences for the existence and relevance of DS strategy among different organizational grouping. We use panel data for 410 non-financial publically traded companies of Karachi Stock Exchange from 2009 to 2013. The results of cluster analysis, threshold and conditional debt structure has confirmed the presence of DS. Our empirical findings indicate that 67% of the organizations exclusively rely on a single type of de...
In search for the most active and important theories of ‘Management’, The class of ‘Theory Buildi... more In search for the most active and important theories of ‘Management’, The class of ‘Theory Building in Management-I (Fall 2013)’ identifies most active theories from the papers published in 2012 and 2013 in top 6 highest impact factors journals of the ‘Management’ as per Journal Citation Report (2012). The selection of the theories in this document are based on a) the activity of the theories in the 597 papers downloaded by the class, b) selection of most important work in Management by Smith and Hitt (2007), and c) counting of most cited theories by Owick et al., (2011). Out of the 150 most active theories in the subject, 40 have been compiled by the 23 students (Appendix A). This is an ongoing study that will ultimately identify 100 theories. The information compiled by the students lack in many ways due to their respective level of learning, comprehensiveness, standardization and rigor in this task. Still the document provides very useful information for students pursuing their M...
Organizational politics within the organization is considered as a source of stress and dissatisf... more Organizational politics within the organization is considered as a source of stress and dissatisfaction among employees. Many organizations are working to eradicate organizational politics within them, but most of them are unsuccessful to eliminate this epidemic phenomenon. By using data from 101 employees from different organizations in Lahore-Pakistan, this study reviews the relationship between perception of organizational politics and job attitudes (OC, JS and IL). This study also examines the role of self-efficacy and personal political skills in moderating the relationship between organizational politics and job outcomes. The results of the study imply that perception of organizational politics has significant negative effects on organizational commitment and job satisfaction and a positive but insignificant relationship with intention to leave. Personal political skill and self-efficacy moderates the relationship between POP & job outcomes. Politically skilled employees with ...
We examined the effect of incongruence in the areas of worklife (AWL) on burnout of nurses. Speci... more We examined the effect of incongruence in the areas of worklife (AWL) on burnout of nurses. Specifically, we were interested in identifying the most important AWL and interactions among AWL and psychological resilience in explaining nurses’ burnout. Incongruence in the worklife escalates burnout and resilience is a coping trait. The phenomenon needs to be studied in developing countries where entirely different health dilemmas exist. A cross sectional survey was conducted from 147 nurses. SEM through AMOS 21 and Process Macro of SPSS was used for data analysis. Two AWL namely control and reward, emerged out to be the most important factors in explaining burnout; community further mitigated reward-burnout relationship. Also, psychological resilience has a powerful independent explanatory role. Healthcare work environment must be equipped to minimize incongruence of the AWL. This congruence would need job redesigning to increase control of nurses over their jobs and reinforcement with...
The study aims to examine the process and contingency to explain the relationship between followe... more The study aims to examine the process and contingency to explain the relationship between follower’s proactive behavior and leader’s trust. Trust has been identified as one of the most critical elements of the high-quality relationship between a follower and leader and considered as a key boulevard through which followers can impact the behavior of their leaders. In this cross-sectional study, data is collected from leaders and followers (dyads) of a large corporation by conducting two self-administered surveys. Findings suggest that the proactive followers are more trustworthy in the eyes of their leaders. Perceived follower support plays a mediating role in this process. Further, we find that political skill of followers moderates this relationship. The study has significant implications for followership research, extending the comprehension about follower characteristics’ effect on their behaviors and leaders perception. We contribute to followership literature by empirically val...
Corporate Finance: Capital Structure & Payout Policies eJournal, 2017
This paper empirically investigates how the degree of debt specialization varies because of profi... more This paper empirically investigates how the degree of debt specialization varies because of profitability levels, affecting the organizational determinants and debt structure choices. Using a novel data of 419 firms from 2009 to 2015, we find a significant difference in the usage of debt types between the profitability sub-groups. Low profitable businesses incline more towards debt specialization than high profitable firms. However, short-term debts remain a prevalent source of borrowing regardless of profitability level for Pakistani companies. Our evidence also suggests that among the low profitability subsample, larger, riskier, growing companies with high expense ratios are more likely to be involved in the higher degrees of debt specialization, as compared to highly profitable businesses. Consistently, the preeminent reasons for debt specialization are information asymmetry, expected default risk, good reputation and accessibility to the debt market.
ERN: Bureaucracy; Administrative Processes in Public Organizations; Corruption (Topic), 2018
Diagnosis of culture is extremely important and in great demand in literature particularly when i... more Diagnosis of culture is extremely important and in great demand in literature particularly when it comes to public organizations which operate in complex and compelling social, political and economic environment. Scholars and practitioners also affirm that examining the culture of public organizations is a very complex and challenging task. It is well-known that any organizational development initiatives through a change of culture failed dramatically because the culture diagnosis is either ignored or not understood. Incidentally, in the public sector, empirical findings of the cultural diagnosis are either non-existent or sketchy. Therefore, we comprehensively diagnose the culture of a public organization by utilizing the most widely used competing values framework through sequential explanatory mixed method approach (a survey, observations and in-depth interviews). This ambitious research approach is undoubtedly very rare in diagnosing public sector organizational culture. This st...
How to maintain productivity from employees is one of the most crucial questions for organization... more How to maintain productivity from employees is one of the most crucial questions for organizations competing in current aggressive environment. The paper empirically investigates core self-evaluation (CSE) traits as potential predictors of job performance. By incorporating the anticipated emotions (guilt and gratitude), appropriate conditions necessary to direct high CSE towards performance are unveiled. Data is collected from 87 full time collection employees and 21 mangers of a local bank through two separate questionnaires. Results show a positive and significant relationship between CSE and job performance. Moreover, anticipated gratitude has the power to moderates this linkage along varying degrees of CSE while anticipated guilt is only moderating at lower level of CSE. The conclusions are elaborated in terms of their contribution and directions.
Corporate Finance: Capital Structure & Payout Policies eJournal, 2021
Recently, debt structure research has started focusing on the strategic perspective of financing ... more Recently, debt structure research has started focusing on the strategic perspective of financing choices, particularly to understand the reasons for debt specialization (DS). This paper examines trends of specialization over time and industry by using a comprehensive dataset on types of debt employed by the public limited companies during 2009–2018. The objective of the current study is to analyze the effect of debt market conditions by identifying significant predictors of DS. Time-series and cross-sectional results confirm the existence of DS, which is further validated by the findings of the cluster analysis. The empirical results indicate that overall, 61% of the companies solely rely on a single type of debt, mostly on short-term obligations accompanied by long-term secured and other debts. Moreover, small, mature, rated, group-affiliated, and low-leverage companies incline more towards this strategy. Credit rating, debt maturity, financial and interest coverage ratios serve as...
For making actual purchase in any category, the literature suggests that brand awareness plays a ... more For making actual purchase in any category, the literature suggests that brand awareness plays a vital role. Whereas in existing literature the conceptual properties of brand awareness were less tapped in finding their impact on actual purchase. Therefore, the current study examined the impact of the two properties of brand awareness, i.e., brand recall and brand recognition on actual purchase of the consumers also testing the moderating effect of price consciousness in the relationship between brand recognition and actual purchase. Majority of the respondents for the study were female shoppers at the retail stores as they are the consumers as well as they play an active role in home budgets. Two separate studies were conducted, i.e., for brand recognition and brand recall, and the survey used 175 responses (125 for brand recognition and 50 for brand recall). The results revealed that brand recall and brand recognition have a positive relation to actual purchase. No moderating effec...
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Papers by Faisal Qadeer