Field observations presented indicate that scale has a preference to deposit at positions in prod... more Field observations presented indicate that scale has a preference to deposit at positions in production wells where irregularities in the flow pattern occur. This could be at bottle necks where the shear forces and turbulence are particularly high, or after a tubing expansion where back currents and eddies occur. One negative consequence of this is that critical well equipment such as Inflow Control Valves (ICV), Inflow Control Devices (ICD) and Down Hole Safety Valves (DHSV) will be particularly exposed to scale deposition, which may cause equipment failure and increased operational risk.
Monoethylene glycol (MEG) is a gas hydrate inhibitor. The large amounts used in gas field industr... more Monoethylene glycol (MEG) is a gas hydrate inhibitor. The large amounts used in gas field industry impose the need for MEG regeneration. During this process the waterÀMEG mixture is heated at low pressure to remove most of the water. It is important to know the carbon dioxide equilibria under MEG regeneration conditions to prevent problems related to mineral precipitation and scale formation. The equilibrium amount of total CO 2 in solution was therefore examined in waterÀMEG solutions at typical MEG regeneration conditions [(50 to 98) % wt MEG, (80 to 140)°C, (50 or 100) mmol 3 kg À1 total alkalinity]. A CO 2 /N 2 mixture of known composition (0.200 % or 0.050 % mol CO 2 ) controlled the CO 2 pressure in the reaction vessel. Discoloration was observed in some experiments, and ion chromatography showed that glycolic and formic acids were the dominating MEG degradation products. Data for the total CO 2 concentration at equilibrium are reported together with a discussion describing why common acid titration is still a valid analysis method although significant amounts of organic acids were present.
Field observations presented indicate that scale has a preference to deposit at positions in prod... more Field observations presented indicate that scale has a preference to deposit at positions in production wells where irregularities in the flow pattern occur. This could be at bottle necks where the shear forces and turbulence are particularly high, or after a tubing expansion where back currents and eddies occur. One negative consequence of this is that critical well equipment such as Inflow Control Valves (ICV), Inflow Control Devices (ICD) and Down Hole Safety Valves (DHSV) will be particularly exposed to scale deposition, which may cause equipment failure and increased operational risk.
Monoethylene glycol (MEG) is a gas hydrate inhibitor. The large amounts used in gas field industr... more Monoethylene glycol (MEG) is a gas hydrate inhibitor. The large amounts used in gas field industry impose the need for MEG regeneration. During this process the waterÀMEG mixture is heated at low pressure to remove most of the water. It is important to know the carbon dioxide equilibria under MEG regeneration conditions to prevent problems related to mineral precipitation and scale formation. The equilibrium amount of total CO 2 in solution was therefore examined in waterÀMEG solutions at typical MEG regeneration conditions [(50 to 98) % wt MEG, (80 to 140)°C, (50 or 100) mmol 3 kg À1 total alkalinity]. A CO 2 /N 2 mixture of known composition (0.200 % or 0.050 % mol CO 2 ) controlled the CO 2 pressure in the reaction vessel. Discoloration was observed in some experiments, and ion chromatography showed that glycolic and formic acids were the dominating MEG degradation products. Data for the total CO 2 concentration at equilibrium are reported together with a discussion describing why common acid titration is still a valid analysis method although significant amounts of organic acids were present.
Uploads
Papers by Maria Psarrou