Papers by Pradeep Kumar Verma Verma
Pollution is viewed as the release of substances and energy as waste product of human activities ... more Pollution is viewed as the release of substances and energy as waste product of human activities which result in harmful changes within the natural environment. In the present study water of Chandlodia lake was analyzed for various physico-chemcial parameters. The study was carried out for a period of one year. Montly data's been collected and were represented seasonally along with standard error. Different parameters taken in the study were Temperature, Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, Total dissolve solids, pH, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemcial oxygen demand, Chloride, Sodium, Nitrate and Phosphate. Therefore from the above result it was concluded that water of Chandlodia lake shows very high level of pollution.
Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, 2021
Recent studies have shown fruits from less-known and unexplored plants as an excellent source of ... more Recent studies have shown fruits from less-known and unexplored plants as an excellent source of nutrients and biologically active compounds for food and non-food applications (Khan et al. 2011, 2015). Basella plant is extremely heat tolerant and fast-growing perennial vine which is wildly cultivated as a cool-season vegetable. Basella alba is also known as Malabar spinach, Indian spinach, Ceylon spinach, climber spinach and vine spinach. In India, it is commonly known as "Poi". Red-violet colour of leaves, stalks, petioles and fruits are due to the presence of betalains (Palada et al. 1999). This crop is suitable for both home and market garden in the lowland tropics. This plant is full of nutrition like normal spinach. Also, the oil obtained from its seeds can become the source of safe vegetable oil. This plant is good for health due to the presence of mineral, protein, oil, carbohydrate, fibre, carotenoid, organic acid, vitamins. In the winter season, Malabar spinach can be used in place of normal spinach as it has similar Nutritional and medicinal value. Basella plant species contain betacyanin, carotenoids, bioflavonoids, β-sitosterol and lupeol which are reported to have antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory activities etc. and help in curing various diseases, namely anticancer, antiviral, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, anti-cholesterol, anti-ulcer, antimicrobial, anti-hypoglycemic, wound healing, androgenic from the ancient times. Leaf juice is used in to treat catarrh and it is also an as safe laxative for children, pregnant women and in a urinary diseased patient. In Ayurveda Malabar spinach is called as "Upodika", "Potaki", "Malvaa", "Amritvallari", and in Siddha/Tamil as "Vaslakkirai" (Khare, 2004). It used as a vegetable in many countries like Philippines, Thailand China, Mongolia, India, Sri Lanka and many African countries. In India, In Andhra Pradesh curry of Basella and Yam is made popularly known as Kanda Bachali Koora, in Odisha, it is used to make Curries and Saaga.
Extensive and rapid growth of planktonic algae, caused by an increased input of nutrients is a co... more Extensive and rapid growth of planktonic algae, caused by an increased input of nutrients is a common problem in lakes. Eutrophication and excessive algal growth reduces water clarity, inhibits growth of aquatic plants, extensive oxygen depletion, accumulation of unsightly, decaying of organic matter, unpleasant odours, and killing of fishes. Chandlodia lake is also facing the similar problem. The study of phytoplankton biodiversity in Chandlodia lake was carried out seasonally during March 2012 to February 2013. The phytoplanktons were collected and were identified by using Sedgwick Rafter counting cell. In Chandlodia lake the phytoplankton's recorded with huge amount were Cylinderospermum sp. Microcystis sp., Phormidium sp., Oscillatoria sp., Chlorella sp., Pediastrum sp., Navicula sp., and Synedra sp. The presence of this phytoplankton in huge amount indicates that the water of Chandlodia lake is polluted, as they are good indicator of pollution. And it was also found that ph...
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022
The major downfalls of the microalgal biorefinery are low volume of high value product accumulati... more The major downfalls of the microalgal biorefinery are low volume of high value product accumulation, low biomass productivity and high cultivation costs. Here, we aimed to improve the biomass productivity of the industrially relevant Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 strain. The growth of Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 was investigated under different cultivations conditions, including photoautotrophic (with light), mixotrophic (1% glucose, with light) and heterotrophic (1% glucose, without light). Among them, Picochlorum sp. BDUG100241 showed the highest growth in the mixotrophic condition. Under different (1%) carbon sources’ supplementation, including glucose, sodium acetate, glycerol, citric acid and methanol, Picochlorum sp. BDUG100241 growth was tested. Among them, sodium acetate was found to be most suitable carbon source for Picochlorum sp. BDUG 100241 growth, biomass (1.67 ± 0.18 g/L) and biomolecule productivity. From the different concentrations of sodium acetate (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5...
Bioresources, 2017
Xylanase is a key enzyme in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into various oligosaccharid... more Xylanase is a key enzyme in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into various oligosaccharides and simpler monomeric units through the hydrolysis of hemicellulose. Rice straw is readily available around the world and is a rich source of hemicellulose. Recently, there has been growing interest in the exploitation of rice straw as a low-cost substrate for the production of hemicellulolytic enzyme, i.e., xylanase. This study aimed to optimize the nutritional components (rice straw, magnesium sulphate, and calcium chloride concentrations) and physical parameters (temperature and pH) for xylanase production with a newly isolated Aspergillus oryzae LC1 under submerged fermentation using central composite design based response surface methodology. The optimum media constituents were 1% rice straw (w/v), 1.0 g/L calcium chloride, and 0.3 g/L magnesium sulphate, and the optimum physical parameters were pH 5 and 25 °C. The statistical design showed increased xylanase production with a ma...
The growing demand of wireless applications has put a lot of constraints on the usage of availabl... more The growing demand of wireless applications has put a lot of constraints on the usage of available radio spectrum which is limited and precious resource. However, a fixed spectrum assignment has lead to under utilization of spectrum as a great portion of licensed spectrum is not effectively utilized. Cognitive radio is a promising technology which provides a novel way to improve utilization efficiency of available electromagnetic spectrum. Spectrum sensing helps to detect the spectrum holes (underutilized bands of the spectrum) providing h i g h s p e c t r a l r e s o l u t i o n capability. T h i s i s a r e v i e w p a p e r that compares the performance of three main spectrum s e n s i n g techniques. Keywords- Cognitive Radio (CR), Energy Detection (ED), Matched Filter Detection (MFD), Cyclostationary feature Detection.
Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 2019
Xylan is the second most abundant naturally occurring renewable polysaccharide available on earth... more Xylan is the second most abundant naturally occurring renewable polysaccharide available on earth. It is a complex heteropolysaccharide consisting of different monosaccharides such as l-arabinose, d-galactose, d-mannoses and organic acids such as acetic acid, ferulic acid, glucuronic acid interwoven together with help of glycosidic and ester bonds. The breakdown of xylan is restricted due to its heterogeneous nature and it can be overcome by xylanases which are capable of cleaving the heterogeneous β-1,4-glycoside linkage. Xylanases are abundantly present in nature (e.g., molluscs, insects and microorganisms) and several microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, yeast, and algae are used extensively for its production. Microbial xylanases show varying substrate specificities and biochemical properties which makes it suitable for various applications in industrial and biotechnological sectors. The suitability of xylanases for its application in food and feed, paper and pulp, textile, p...
3 Biotech, 2019
Laccase (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) a unique multi-copper oxidase enzyme has been studie... more Laccase (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductase) a unique multi-copper oxidase enzyme has been studied rigorously since its identification. However, there is ambivalence associated with various aspects of laccase, e.g., assay conditions and calculations. Our aim was to minimize its ambivalence, thus, total of five formulas (F1-F5) were used to determine laccase activity of white and blue laccase. In case of enzymatic profiling of blue laccase, its activity ranged from 0.04 to 464.3 U L −1 whereas in case of white laccase it ranged from 0.05 to 1404.7 U L −1. The affinity of laccase at various enzyme concentration (0.3-0.9 mg mL −1), time (5 and 10 min) along with various substrates, i.e., 2, 2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), guaiacol (GCL), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and syringaldazine (SYZ), and its concentration (ABTS 0.5-1.5 mM, GCL 20-30 mM, DMP 1-5 mM, SYZ 10-30 mM) were inferred. The optimal substrate concentrations were 1.5 and 0.5 mM ABTS for blue and white laccase, respectively, with 30 mM GCL and 2 mM DMP being the common parameter. The optimal substrate concentrations were 0.5 mM ABTS, 20 mM GCL, 1 mM DMP and 30 mM SYZ for commercial laccase. It was observed that the optimal protein load and reaction time was 0.3 mg mL −1 and 5 min in all the cases, however, in case of white laccase it was 0.6 mg mL −1 at 10 min for DMP and in case of commercial laccase it was 0.9 mg mL −1 and 5 min for SYZ. In the present study, F1 was most appropriate among the five formula used as it incorporates all the significant factors and use of single formula will help reduce future ambiguity.
Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 2018
Laccases belongs to multinuclear copper-containing oxidase and can act on a variety of aromatic a... more Laccases belongs to multinuclear copper-containing oxidase and can act on a variety of aromatic and non-aromatic compounds. Due to their broad substrate specificity, they are considered as a promising candidate in various industrial and biotechnological sectors. They are regarded as a "Green Tool"/"Green Catalyst" in biotechnology. The present review focuses on structure, reaction mechanism, categories, applications, economic feasibility, limitations, and future prospects of fungal laccases. Thus, this review would help in understanding laccases along with the areas, which has not been focused and requires attention. Since past, immense work has been carried out on laccases: yet, new discoveries and application are ever increasing which includes bio-fuel, bio-sensor, fiber board synthesis, bioremediation, clinical, textile industry, food, cosmetics, and many more. Hence, it can be stated that fungal laccase is an enzyme which is "discovered but yet undiscovered".
3 Biotech, 2013
The hunt for alternative sources of energy generation that are inexpensive, ecofriendly, renewabl... more The hunt for alternative sources of energy generation that are inexpensive, ecofriendly, renewable and can replace fossil fuels is on, owing to the increasing demands of energy. One approach in this direction is the conversion of plant residues into biofuels wherein lignocellulose, which forms the structural framework of plants consisting of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, is first broken down and hydrolyzed into simple fermentable sugars, which upon fermentation form biofuels such as ethanol. A major bottleneck is to disarray lignin which is present as a protective covering and makes cellulose and hemicellulose recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis. A number of biomass deconstruction or pretreatment processes (physical, chemical and biological) have been used to break the structural framework of plants and depolymerize lignin. This review surveys and discusses some major pretreatment processes pertaining to the pretreatment of plant biomass, which are used for the production of biofuels and other value added products. The emphasis is given on processes that provide maximum amount of sugars, which are subsequently used for the production of biofuels.
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 2008
Beech and pine wood blocks were treated with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylen urea (DMDHEU) to... more Beech and pine wood blocks were treated with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylen urea (DMDHEU) to increasing weight percent gains (WPG). The resistance of the treated specimens against Trametes versicolor and Coniophora puteana, determined as mass loss, increased with increasing WPG of DMDHEU. Metabolic activity of the fungi in the wood blocks was assessed as total esterase activity (TEA) based on the hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate and as heat or energy production determined by isothermal micro-calorimetry. Both methods revealed that the fungal activity was related with the WPG and the mass loss caused by the fungi. Still, fungal activity was detected even in wood blocks of the highest WPG and showed that the treatment was not toxic to the fungi. Energy production showed a higher consistency with the mass loss after decay than TEA; higher mass loss was more stringently reflected by higher heat production rate. Heat production did not proceed linearly, possibly due to the inhibition of fungal activity by an excess of carbon dioxide.
Heliyon, 2020
Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) has a unique feature of having the presence of four Cu atoms arranged... more Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) has a unique feature of having the presence of four Cu atoms arranged into three (Type I, II and III) spectral classification. MCOs laccase due to its broad range of substrate specificity has numerous biotechnological applications. The two types of laccases include the typical blue and the atypical white, yellow laccases which have been isolated from diverse geographical locations globally. In the present study laccases were identified using Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer Studies (LCMS) study where blue laccase exhibited homology with Trametes villosa Q99044 and Q99046 and white, yellow laccase exhibited homology with Myrothecium verrucaria OX ¼ 1859699; Q12737 and Trametes versicolor Q12717 respectively. The spectral comparison between laccases were determined via spectroscopic analysis where UV-spectra of blue laccase from Trametes versicolor had a peak at 605 nm (Type I Cu atom) whereas in case of white and yellow laccases the peak was absent and in addition had an absorption peak at 400nm. It was followed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis of proteins where α-helix (10) and β-sheet (22) structure were observed in case of all the three laccases. However, the intensity of α-helix in white and yellow laccase was stronger as compared to the blue laccase whereas the intensity of β-sheet was stronger in case of blue laccase as compared to other two laccases. Further, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was performed which enabled the analysis of proteins where α-helix (1650-1658 cm À1), β-sheets (1620-1640 cm À1), amide I (1700À1600 cm À1) amide II (bands at under 1400 cm À1) and amide A, B (bands above 3000 cm À1).
Clean Energy Production Technologies, 2020
Microalgae, cyanobacteria are vital organisms for sustainable production of various value-added p... more Microalgae, cyanobacteria are vital organisms for sustainable production of various value-added products, e.g. food, chemicals and biofuels are also well known to meet out high energy requirements. These organisms can be a sustainable tool for reducing our current dependency on fossil fuels with growing world populations and environmental concerns. In recent times, the huge exploitation of algae as third-generation feedstocks for producing biofuels, e.g. biodiesel, biohydrogen, bioethanol and bioethanol, are underway. The biofuels have similar combustion properties, the energy content that is present in the fossil fuels furthers their transportation, and the storage is well suited with the existing infrastructure. The metabolic and genetic engineering of algal cultures can be manipulated for the advancement in the development of promising strains to produce alternative biofuels. This chapter includes the detailed account of various aspects of biofuel production using valuable algal feedstock, such as open and closed cultivation, stock availability, intercellular components (carbohydrates and lipids, etc.), challenges and future prospective.
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2013
Pollution is viewed as the release of substances and energy as waste product of human activities ... more Pollution is viewed as the release of substances and energy as waste product of human activities which result in harmful changes within the natural environment. The pollutant which causes pollution can be defined as “anything living or non living or any physical agent that in its excess makes any part of the environment undesirable. In the present study water of Nikol lake was analyzed for various physicochemical parameters. The study was carried out for a period of one year (March 2010 to February 2011). Monthly data’s been collected but were represented seasonally along with standard error. Different parameters studied were Temperature, Electrical conductivity, Turbidity, Total dissolve solids, pH, Alkalinity, Total Hardness, Calcium, Magnesium, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemcial oxygen demand, Chloride, Nitrate and Phosphate. The results obtained from the above study indicate that the water of Nikol lake shows very high level of pollution and ecological balance of lake is totally dist...
The ability to perform high throughput seed DNA extractions is highly desirable and essential for... more The ability to perform high throughput seed DNA extractions is highly desirable and essential for plant breeding and other molecular screening techniques. DNA extraction methods for PCR quality DNA from calluses and plants are not time efficient, since they require that the tissues be ground in liquid nitrogen, followed by precipitation of the DNA pellet in ethanol, washing and drying the pellet, etc. Secondly, it gets more difficult to isolate the DNA from seed containing oil. The need for a rapid and simple procedure is urgent, especially when hundreds of samples need to be analyzed. Hence, for this purpose, a simple and efficient method of isolating high quality genomic DNA for PCR amplification and enzyme digestion from seed is developed.
Bioresources and Bioprocessing, 2021
The potential of cellulolytic enzymes has been widely studied and explored for bioconversion proc... more The potential of cellulolytic enzymes has been widely studied and explored for bioconversion processes and plays a key role in various industrial applications. Cellulase, a key enzyme for cellulose-rich waste feedstock-based biorefinery, has increasing demand in various industries, e.g., paper and pulp, juice clarification, etc. Also, there has been constant progress in developing new strategies to enhance its production, such as the application of waste feedstock as the substrate for the production of individual or enzyme cocktails, process parameters control, and genetic manipulations for enzyme production with enhanced yield, efficiency, and specificity. Further, an insight into immobilization techniques has also been presented for improved reusability of cellulase, a critical factor that controls the cost of the enzyme at an industrial scale. In addition, the review also gives an insight into the status of the significant application of cellulase in the industrial sector, with i...
Letters in Applied Microbiology, 2021
Heavy metals-containing drinking water and wastewater are posing a severe threat to the environme... more Heavy metals-containing drinking water and wastewater are posing a severe threat to the environment, and living beings on land, air and water. Different conventional, advanced nanomaterials-based and biological method has been employed for the treatment of heavy metals. Among the biological methods, microalgae are an important group of micro-organisms that have numerous environmental applications and can remediate heavy metals from wastewater. Also, it has numerous advantages over conventional remediation processes. Microalgae cells can uptake the heavy metal via different physiological and biological methods and are utilized as a nutrient source to regulate its metabolic process for the production of biomass. Furthermore, the enhancement in heavy metal removal efficiency can be improved using different strategies such as immobilization of algal cells, development of algal consortia and designing of microalgae-based nanocomposite materials. Also, it can significantly contribute towa...
Energies, 2021
The increasing world population generates huge amounts of wastewater as well as large energy dema... more The increasing world population generates huge amounts of wastewater as well as large energy demand. Additionally, fossil fuel’s combustion for energy production causes the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and other pollutants. Therefore, there is a strong need to find alternative green approaches for wastewater treatment and energy production. Microalgae biorefineries could represent an effective strategy to mitigate the above problems. Microalgae biorefineries are a sustainable alternative to conventional wastewater treatment processes, as they potentially allow wastewater to be treated at lower costs and with lower energy consumption. Furthermore, they provide an effective means to recover valuable compounds for biofuel production or other applications. This review focuses on the current scenario and future prospects of microalgae biorefineries aimed at combining wastewater treatment with biofuel production. First, the different microalgal cultivation systems are examined, and ...
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2020
The present work aims to investigate seasonal variations in air pollution levels in Lucknow and a... more The present work aims to investigate seasonal variations in air pollution levels in Lucknow and assess the ambient air quality of the city together with highlighting the health impacts of major pollutants like PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO 2 , Pb, Ni and aerosols from 2010 to 2019. The maximum and minimum values of PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO 2 , Pb and Ni were found to be 270.75 and 122.45 μg/m 3 , 124.95 and 95.52 μg/m 3 , 25.60 and 8.05 μg/m 3 , 75.65 and 23.85 μg/m 3 , 0.66 and 0.03 μg/m 3 and 0.07 and 0.01 ng/m 3 , respectively. Health impact of particulate matter has also been assessed with AirQ+, and it was estimated that long-term exposure of PM 10 was attributed to between 37 and 48% for post-neonatal (age 1-12 months) mortality rate due to all causes, whereas longterm attributable proportions in mortality due to exposure of PM 2.5 were to about 19 to 28% from all causes. Further, an attempt has also been made to evaluate the impact of lockdown amid COVID-19 on the ambient air quality of Lucknow. During the lockdown, PM 2.5 levels reduced by 65% (at Gomti Nagar), 23% (at central school), 79% (at Lalbagh) and 35% (at Talkatora), due to which, air quality index of Gomti Nagar came down to 43, well below 50 which falls in the healthy range. NO 2 levels also came down. However, levels of SO 2 did not show significant reduction. Correlating the data between aerosol optical depth and Angstrom exponent by Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation (r = 0.65, P < 0.001). Keywords Air pollution. Aerosol. AirQ+. Lockdown. AQI. Health effect Highlights • Spatio-temporal assessment of various pollutants like PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO 2 , Pb, Ni and atmospheric aerosols from 2010 to 2019 was performed. • AQI score for most of the studied locations was found in the poor category. • During the lockdown, AQI scores decreased to well below 50, in the healthy range. • High AE value was observed in October to November because of stubble burning during the harvest season in Northern India. • The health impact of air pollutants was estimated using AirQ+ software. • Long-term exposure to PM 2.5 to ambient air increased the risk of stroke by 20%.
International Surgery Journal, 2019
Background: Appendicitis is inflammation of appendix. Appendicitis remains the most common abdomi... more Background: Appendicitis is inflammation of appendix. Appendicitis remains the most common abdominal surgical emergency. There is no reliable specific marker for acute appendicitis and its complications. C- reactive protein is an acute phase reactant produced by the liver during the acute inflammation, which rises rapidly in presence of inflammation. CRP is a more sensitive and reliable indicator of inflammatory processes than ESR and leucocyte count. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether CRP predict the severity of appendicitis.Methods: This study was hospital based, observational study. After history and clinical examination, patient underwent USG whole abdomen. Diagnosis of appendicitis was established. After that patient underwent routine blood investigations including, CRP. After confirming diagnosis of appendicitis, patients underwent appendectomy and biopsy of appendix was sent for histopathological examination.Results: In our study, CRP value > 6.15mg/L has a sens...
Uploads
Papers by Pradeep Kumar Verma Verma