health psychology report • 4 original article background The article concerns the psychology o... more health psychology report • 4 original article background The article concerns the psychology of trauma: the intensity of the experienced threats and reactions to the trauma in the form of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), defenses and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in Ukrainian immigrants in Poland. The issues of trauma psychology were studied in connection with the relationships with parents. participants and procedure The methods used mainly concerned the specifics of experiencing strong threats (trauma) and responding to them (PCL-5 questionnaire, Psycho-Social and Psychic Defenses Questionnaire, Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory), determination of closeness to parents (Scale of Closeness to Biological Parents) and secure and non-secure attachment style (Attachment Style Questionnaire). The subjects were 178 people (including 147 women and 31 men), citizens of Ukraine, who arrived in Poland after the outbreak of war on February 24, 2022, and at the time of the study were living in and around Krakow, Wroclaw, Lublin, or Warsaw. The mean age of the subjects was 38 years (SD = 12.57). results The results of the study indicate that non-secure attachment styles (anxious-avoidant and anxious-ambivalent), along with frustration of the need for competence and intensity of threats, are predictors of PTSD and non-constructive defenses. In contrast, a secure attachment style, along with frustration of the need for competence and intensity of threats, is a predictor of constructive defenses, while a secure attachment style is a predictor of PTG. Statistical analyses show that closeness to the mother is not significantly associated with any of the explained variables. conclusions The accumulation of risks associated with war trauma and the necessity to cope with them are strongly associated with the ongoing war. Attachment styles support or hinder the process of adaptation. The absence of closeness to the mother among the predictors in the models tested represents the most intriguing result, to be confirmed in further research.
Zdzisław Chlewiński (1929-2021) -psycholog, badacz, człowiek dialogu… Zdzisław Chlewiński pochodz... more Zdzisław Chlewiński (1929-2021) -psycholog, badacz, człowiek dialogu… Zdzisław Chlewiński pochodził z Wileńszczyzny, urodził się 1929 roku w Waldkowie k. Święcian. Rodzice prowadzili gospodarstwo rolne. Naukę rozpoczął w szkole ćwiczeń przy średniej szkole dla nauczycieli w roku 1935. W czasach okupacji uczył się początkowo w szkole polskiej, a po jej likwidacji w 1941 roku, litewskiej. Od lipca 1944 roku uczył się w nowo powstałym Polskim Progimnazjum. Burzliwe lata wojny i okupacji sowieckiej od 1939 roku, a od 1941 roku niemieckiej, wryły się głęboko w pamięć Zdzisława Chlewińskiego wieloma okrucieństwami, zwłaszcza popełnianymi przez Litwinów na Polakach za przyzwoleniem, i niejako w imieniu, niemieckich władz okupacyjnych. Dał temu wyraz w autobiograficznej monografii Groza i prześladowanie Polaków i Żydów na Wileńszczyźnie. Wspomnienia i refleksje z czasów dwóch okupacji (Płock: Samizdat Zofii Łoś, 2009). Przywiązywał dużą wagę do napi-
The study aims to explore how temporal self-dialogues contribute to identity formation during ado... more The study aims to explore how temporal self-dialogues contribute to identity formation during adolescence. The main hypothesis postulated that identity exploration and commitment are related to construction of integrative temporal dialogues. It was also postulated that integration of temporal I-positions causes positive change in meaning of life and emotions, both measured as states. The group of adolescents included 100 high-school students (M = 17.92, SD = 1.01), who activated various temporal voices using the ‘chair instruction for a temporal dialogue’ procedure. Participants were asked to define one personally important Iposition in the past and one in the future, and then to conduct a dialogue between all three positions: past, present and future. The procedure contained the Ego Identity Process Questionnaire, the State Personality Inventory and the Meaning of Life Scale-State. Participants who integrated I-positions related to personal past, present and future (38%) had higher...
The paper aims at introducing a new approach to individual differences. Personality is recognized... more The paper aims at introducing a new approach to individual differences. Personality is recognized here as the system built on tensions between three levels, namely traits, characteristic adaptations, and self-concept as well as tensions between the person and environment; another source of tensions is cognitive versus emotional processes. Personality development is possible during life span on the levels of characteristic adaptations and self-concepts, however, minor changes are possible also on the level of traits. Adaptation and transgression are two opposite kinds of processes, the former stands for integration and emotional security, and the latter for innovation and change.
Journal of Constructivist Psychology, Dec 28, 2018
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between neuroticism, internal dialogues, an... more The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between neuroticism, internal dialogues, and time perspective. Time perspective was examined as a moderator and mediator of the link between neuroticism and internal dialogues. One hundred and thirteen Polish people (aged 20 to 40 years) participated in this study. Our results suggest that in subjects with a high level of neuroticism, the Carpe Diem perspective functioned as a buffer, reducing the strength of the relationship between neuroticism and ruminative dialogues. Moreover, our findings provide evidence for the role of unbalanced time perspective in explaining the positive association between neuroticism and internal dialogues.
Positive orientation (PO) is proposed as a common base for hedonistic and eudemonistic senses of ... more Positive orientation (PO) is proposed as a common base for hedonistic and eudemonistic senses of happiness. PO involves a tendency to formulate positive judgments concerning the self, one's personal life, and the future. Previously, PO had been investigated in the context of the hedonistic approach to well-being. In this article, we tested a broader understanding of PO, which is conceptualized, here, as a latent factor underlying variables that exemplify hedonistic and eudemonistic view on happiness. Using two samples (N = 159 and N = 200), we tested three models of PO extended to include various measures of meaning of life. The extended models fitted the data well. Results suggest that PO can be a general factor that is the basis for integrating two aspects of well-being: searching for positivity and pleasure, as well as striving for meaning. Keywords Happiness. Positive orientation. Meaning of life. Satisfaction with life. Optimism. Self-esteem Philosophical notions of happiness refer to two influential traditions of thinking about people and the conditions required for a happy life. The first has been expressed, for example, in Epicurean philosophy, which introduces pleasure as the main source of happiness. Another has been propagated by Aristotelian philosophers, among others, and presents happiness as an essential feature of a fruitful life and as the result of engagement in valuable goals. While the former concept emphasizes pleasure, the latter emphasizes virtue (Ryan et al. 2008). In other words, people are able to experience
health psychology report • 4 original article background The article concerns the psychology o... more health psychology report • 4 original article background The article concerns the psychology of trauma: the intensity of the experienced threats and reactions to the trauma in the form of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), defenses and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in Ukrainian immigrants in Poland. The issues of trauma psychology were studied in connection with the relationships with parents. participants and procedure The methods used mainly concerned the specifics of experiencing strong threats (trauma) and responding to them (PCL-5 questionnaire, Psycho-Social and Psychic Defenses Questionnaire, Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory), determination of closeness to parents (Scale of Closeness to Biological Parents) and secure and non-secure attachment style (Attachment Style Questionnaire). The subjects were 178 people (including 147 women and 31 men), citizens of Ukraine, who arrived in Poland after the outbreak of war on February 24, 2022, and at the time of the study were living in and around Krakow, Wroclaw, Lublin, or Warsaw. The mean age of the subjects was 38 years (SD = 12.57). results The results of the study indicate that non-secure attachment styles (anxious-avoidant and anxious-ambivalent), along with frustration of the need for competence and intensity of threats, are predictors of PTSD and non-constructive defenses. In contrast, a secure attachment style, along with frustration of the need for competence and intensity of threats, is a predictor of constructive defenses, while a secure attachment style is a predictor of PTG. Statistical analyses show that closeness to the mother is not significantly associated with any of the explained variables. conclusions The accumulation of risks associated with war trauma and the necessity to cope with them are strongly associated with the ongoing war. Attachment styles support or hinder the process of adaptation. The absence of closeness to the mother among the predictors in the models tested represents the most intriguing result, to be confirmed in further research.
Zdzisław Chlewiński (1929-2021) -psycholog, badacz, człowiek dialogu… Zdzisław Chlewiński pochodz... more Zdzisław Chlewiński (1929-2021) -psycholog, badacz, człowiek dialogu… Zdzisław Chlewiński pochodził z Wileńszczyzny, urodził się 1929 roku w Waldkowie k. Święcian. Rodzice prowadzili gospodarstwo rolne. Naukę rozpoczął w szkole ćwiczeń przy średniej szkole dla nauczycieli w roku 1935. W czasach okupacji uczył się początkowo w szkole polskiej, a po jej likwidacji w 1941 roku, litewskiej. Od lipca 1944 roku uczył się w nowo powstałym Polskim Progimnazjum. Burzliwe lata wojny i okupacji sowieckiej od 1939 roku, a od 1941 roku niemieckiej, wryły się głęboko w pamięć Zdzisława Chlewińskiego wieloma okrucieństwami, zwłaszcza popełnianymi przez Litwinów na Polakach za przyzwoleniem, i niejako w imieniu, niemieckich władz okupacyjnych. Dał temu wyraz w autobiograficznej monografii Groza i prześladowanie Polaków i Żydów na Wileńszczyźnie. Wspomnienia i refleksje z czasów dwóch okupacji (Płock: Samizdat Zofii Łoś, 2009). Przywiązywał dużą wagę do napi-
The study aims to explore how temporal self-dialogues contribute to identity formation during ado... more The study aims to explore how temporal self-dialogues contribute to identity formation during adolescence. The main hypothesis postulated that identity exploration and commitment are related to construction of integrative temporal dialogues. It was also postulated that integration of temporal I-positions causes positive change in meaning of life and emotions, both measured as states. The group of adolescents included 100 high-school students (M = 17.92, SD = 1.01), who activated various temporal voices using the ‘chair instruction for a temporal dialogue’ procedure. Participants were asked to define one personally important Iposition in the past and one in the future, and then to conduct a dialogue between all three positions: past, present and future. The procedure contained the Ego Identity Process Questionnaire, the State Personality Inventory and the Meaning of Life Scale-State. Participants who integrated I-positions related to personal past, present and future (38%) had higher...
The paper aims at introducing a new approach to individual differences. Personality is recognized... more The paper aims at introducing a new approach to individual differences. Personality is recognized here as the system built on tensions between three levels, namely traits, characteristic adaptations, and self-concept as well as tensions between the person and environment; another source of tensions is cognitive versus emotional processes. Personality development is possible during life span on the levels of characteristic adaptations and self-concepts, however, minor changes are possible also on the level of traits. Adaptation and transgression are two opposite kinds of processes, the former stands for integration and emotional security, and the latter for innovation and change.
Journal of Constructivist Psychology, Dec 28, 2018
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between neuroticism, internal dialogues, an... more The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between neuroticism, internal dialogues, and time perspective. Time perspective was examined as a moderator and mediator of the link between neuroticism and internal dialogues. One hundred and thirteen Polish people (aged 20 to 40 years) participated in this study. Our results suggest that in subjects with a high level of neuroticism, the Carpe Diem perspective functioned as a buffer, reducing the strength of the relationship between neuroticism and ruminative dialogues. Moreover, our findings provide evidence for the role of unbalanced time perspective in explaining the positive association between neuroticism and internal dialogues.
Positive orientation (PO) is proposed as a common base for hedonistic and eudemonistic senses of ... more Positive orientation (PO) is proposed as a common base for hedonistic and eudemonistic senses of happiness. PO involves a tendency to formulate positive judgments concerning the self, one's personal life, and the future. Previously, PO had been investigated in the context of the hedonistic approach to well-being. In this article, we tested a broader understanding of PO, which is conceptualized, here, as a latent factor underlying variables that exemplify hedonistic and eudemonistic view on happiness. Using two samples (N = 159 and N = 200), we tested three models of PO extended to include various measures of meaning of life. The extended models fitted the data well. Results suggest that PO can be a general factor that is the basis for integrating two aspects of well-being: searching for positivity and pleasure, as well as striving for meaning. Keywords Happiness. Positive orientation. Meaning of life. Satisfaction with life. Optimism. Self-esteem Philosophical notions of happiness refer to two influential traditions of thinking about people and the conditions required for a happy life. The first has been expressed, for example, in Epicurean philosophy, which introduces pleasure as the main source of happiness. Another has been propagated by Aristotelian philosophers, among others, and presents happiness as an essential feature of a fruitful life and as the result of engagement in valuable goals. While the former concept emphasizes pleasure, the latter emphasizes virtue (Ryan et al. 2008). In other words, people are able to experience
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