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Pierre Lalonde

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Pierre Lalonde, MDProfesseur émérite, Psychiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de MontréalMédecin-Psychiatre, Programme des troubles psychotiques (schizophrénie), Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréalhttp://www.iusmm.ca/pierrelalonde.htmlhttp://classiques.uqac.ca/contemporains/lalonde_pierre/lalonde_pierre.html

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Papers by Pierre Lalonde

Psychiatrie clinique : approche contemporaine

Traitement, réadaptation, réhabilitation, rétablissement

Annales médico-psychologiques, Apr 1, 2007

Cet article est un complément à celui qui a été publié dans les Annales Médico-Psychologiques en ... more Cet article est un complément à celui qui a été publié dans les Annales Médico-Psychologiques en juin 2006. Il reprend les thèmes de traitement, réadaptation, réhabilitation, rétablissement, pour en préciser les définitions et apporter quelques exemples. Plusieurs questions et commentaires furent soulevés lors de la réunion de la Société Médico-Psychologique et des ébauches de réponse y sont apportées.

Burden of Care of Families Not Living With Young Schizophrenic Relatives

Psychiatric Services, 1992

A program that provides comprehensive support services to young schizophrenic adults and their fa... more A program that provides comprehensive support services to young schizophrenic adults and their families in Montreal was evaluated after one year to assess the needs of families, especially single-parent families, after the young adult patient left home. Results of the evaluation, which employed a case-control design, showed that compared with families receiving the usual services, families in the program reported feeling less burdened by the patients&#39; personal problems. They also received more services and had more contact with professionals. Patients living away from home spent more than 18 hours a week in face-to-face contact with their families. Single parents of mentally ill young adults spent much less time with their offspring and expressed more need for services and a greater burden of care than married parents.

Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase (DBH) gene and schizophrenia phenotypic variability: A genetic association study

American journal of medical genetics, Jan 28, 2003

Recently, two polymorphisms (DBH5 0-Ins/ del and DBH 444 g/a) of the Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase (D... more Recently, two polymorphisms (DBH5 0-Ins/ del and DBH 444 g/a) of the Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase (DBH) gene were isolated, and one haplotype (Del-a) was found to be associated with low DBH activity and cocaineinduced paranoia. The purpose of this study is to test for association between these two polymorphisms and schizophrenia or its phenotypic variability with respect to neuroleptic therapeutic response and symptom profile. Allelic and haplotype distributions of these two polymorphisms were compared between two groups of schizophrenic patients (excellent neuroleptic-responders; R, n ¼ 42 and non-responders; NR, n ¼ 64), and one group of healthy volunteers (n ¼ 120). The ''Del'' and ''a'' alleles were in positive linkage disequilibrium. No allelic or genotype differences in the distribution of these two polymorphisms were observed between patients and controls. However, The Del-a haplotype was significantly more common in NR patients, and the mean total BPRS score was significantly higher in the group of patients with the Del-a compared to those without the Del-a haplotype. These results suggest that the DBH gene is not a causative factor in schizophrenia but that it may be a modulator of psychotic symptoms, severity of the disorder and therapeutic response to neuroleptic drugs.

Association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C→T missense mutation and schizophrenia

Molecular Psychiatry, May 1, 2000

La famille du schizophrène : interférente ou alliée?

Santé mentale au Québec, Jun 13, 2006

Nous avons fait un tour d'horizon des différentes études qui, dans la seconde moitié de notre siè... more Nous avons fait un tour d'horizon des différentes études qui, dans la seconde moitié de notre siècle, ont été faites sur la famille du schizophrène. Les premières études, plus descriptives, cherchaient à établir l'étiologie de la schizophrénie ; elles identifiaient la famille comme étant une des principales causes de la maladie. Par la suite, le raffinement de la méthodologie et l'apport des études génétiques ont amené les chercheurs à considérer la famille d'un point de vue différent. La famille apparaît désormais comme un facteur important mais elle est liée aux facteurs environnementaux subtils et complexes qui restent encore à déterminer. Les chercheurs tendent maintenant à privilégier une approche qui permette à la famille de jouer un rôle actif face à l'évolution de la maladie. On perçoit de plus en plus la famille comme une alliée potentielle du malade et on s'efforce de l'associer au traitement. C'est du moins le but poursuivi par les tenants de l'approche psychoéducative, et les résultats thérapeutiques semblent, à l'heure actuelle, des plus encourageants.

La Thérapie Psychoéducative

Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal eBooks, Oct 12, 2018

CAG repeat containing genes and schizophrenia: An association study

Biological Psychiatry, Jul 1, 1997

Expert Canadian consensus suggestions on the rational, clinical use of ziprasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2005

Many atypical antipsychotic medications are becoming available for clinical use. Ziprasidone is a... more Many atypical antipsychotic medications are becoming available for clinical use. Ziprasidone is a recent addition to this group and is expected to become available for clinical use in Canada in 2005. Ziprasidone has some significant differences compared with other atypicals currently available in Canada. Clinicians need to understand the benefits and risks associated with each of the antipsychotic medications available for the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders to ensure their most appropriate utilization. At the suggestion of Professor Stan Kutcher (chair) and as part of an ongoing commitment to provide independent education pertaining to the utility of new psychotropic compounds to health professionals, a panel of Canadian experts in the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders was convened to provide consensus suggestions for the appropriate clinical use of ziprasidone. The consultations regarding the development of these recommendations were organized by Brainworks International (BWI) with arms-length funding from Pfizer Canada. This paper describes the experts' consensus views on the efficacy and safety of ziprasidone, their suggestions on which patients may be suitable for ziprasidone treatment, and how to initiate treatment (including how to switch from other antipsychotic medications), manage side effects, and monitor patients in long-term therapy. These suggestions are those of the authors only and are not endorsed by or necessarily reflect the opinions of BWI or Pfizer Canada.

Polyglutamine-containing proteins in schizophrenia

Molecular Psychiatry, 1999

Genetic anticipation, manifested by increased severity and earlier age-at-onset of the disease ov... more Genetic anticipation, manifested by increased severity and earlier age-at-onset of the disease over successive generations, is reported in schizophrenia. The molecular basis of anticipation in several neurodegenerative diseases is unstable coding CAG repeat expansions. Anticipation was reported in schizophrenia. Recently, studies suggested that enlarged CAG/CTG repeats are over represented in schizophrenic patients compared to normal controls. Together, these observations suggest that unstable CAG repeats may play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia. The purpose of this study is to test for the presence of polyglutamineexpanded tracts, encoded by CAG repeats, in total protein extracts derived from lymphoblastoid cell lines of schizophrenic patients. Proteins from schizophrenic patients (n = 59) and normal controls (n = 73) were separated by means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, wet blotted onto nitrocellulose membrane and probed with a monoclonal antibody (mab 1C2) recognizing expanded polyglutamine arrays. Three abnormal bands corresponding to protein(s) of molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa were identified in two unrelated schizophrenic patients and in a sibling of one of these patients. None of the normal controls tested positive for this abnormal band. These results suggest that expanded polyglutamine-containing proteins, though rare, may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Psychiatrists' Ratings of Expressed Emotion

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which psychiatrists are familiar with th... more The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which psychiatrists are familiar with the concept of expressed emotion and to determine the extent of its use in their day-to-day practices. We also wished to test the ability of psychiatrists to estimate the expressed emotion status of the relatives of their patients. Following the assessment of expressed emotion in 96 relatives using the Camberwell Family Interview, the psychiatrists treating the schizophrenic patients were surveyed about their knowledge of expressed emotion and were asked to estimate the expressed emotion of their relatives. Thirty-five percent of the respondents use the expressed emotion concept daily in their practice. When the Camberwell Family Interview ratings of expressed emotion were compared with those from the psychiatrists, the agreement rate was no better than chance (45.7%). Without formal training in the use of the Camberwell Family Interview, practitioners are cautioned against ascribing an ex...

T102C polymorphism in the 5HT2A gene and schizophrenia: relation to phenotype and drug response variability

Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN, 1999

Although genes play a major role in the etiology of schizophrenia, no major genes involved in thi... more Although genes play a major role in the etiology of schizophrenia, no major genes involved in this disease have been identified. However, several genes with small effect have been reported, though inconsistently, to increase the risk for schizophrenia. Recently, the 5HT2A 2 allele (T102C polymorphism) was reported to be over-represented in patients with schizophrenia. Other reports have found an excess of allele 2(C) only in schizophrenic patients who are resistant to clozapine, not in those who respond to clozapine. In this study, the 5HT2A receptor allele 2 frequencies were compared between 2 groups of patients with schizophrenia (39 responders and 63 nonresponders) based on long-term outcome and response to typical neuroleptics. A control group of 90 healthy volunteers screened for mental disorders was also included. Genotype 2/2 tended to be more frequent in patients with schizophrenia with poor long-term outcome and poor response to typical neuroleptics (Bonferroni corrected p ...

[Strategies for coping in schizophrenia]

L'Encéphale

Few studies have documented how schizophrenic patients perceived their needs and which coping ski... more Few studies have documented how schizophrenic patients perceived their needs and which coping skills they have spontaneously developed. All 48 patients of the Louis-H. Lafontaine Young Adults Clinic, a specialised schizophrenia clinic in Montreal, were invited to complete the Task Motivation and Problem Appraisal in Long Term Psychiatric Patients questionnaire. Our study utilised a descriptive approach and a classification of patient's reported problems and their coping skills. A panel of researchers and clinical staff then regrouped patient's perceived problems into four categories: symptoms, coping strategies, organisation of daily activities and interpersonal contacts. The main coping strategies utilised by these young patients are confrontation (52%) emotion-centered coping (57%). Clinical applications can be drawn from paying attention to the reports of schizophrenic patients. For example, rehabilitation activities can be developed which cater to their perceived needs. ...

Steroid receptors/co-receptors and schizophrenia: An association study

Neural changes associated with appetite information processing in schizophrenic patients after 16 weeks of olanzapine treatment

Translational Psychiatry, 2012

There is evidence that some atypical antipsychotics, including olanzapine, can produce unwanted m... more There is evidence that some atypical antipsychotics, including olanzapine, can produce unwanted metabolic side effects, weight gain and diabetes. However, neuronal correlates of change related to food information processing have not been investigated with these medications. We studied the effect of a pharmacological manipulation with an antipsychotic known to cause weight gain on metabolites, cognitive tasks and neural correlates related to food regulation. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with a task requiring visual processing of appetitive stimuli in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls before and after 16 weeks of antipsychotic medication with olanzapine. In patients, the psychological and neuronal changes associated following the treatment correlated with appetite control measures and metabolite levels in fasting blood samples. After 16 weeks of olanzapine treatment, the patients gained weight, increased their waist circumference, had fewer positive schizophrenia symptoms, a reduced ghrelin plasma concentration and an increased concentration of triglycerides, insulin and leptin. In premotor area, somatosensory cortices as well as bilaterally in the fusiform gyri, the olanzapine treatment increased the neural activity related to appetitive information in schizophrenic patients to similar levels relative to healthy individuals. However, a higher increase in sensitivity to appetitive stimuli after the treatment was observed in insular cortices, amygdala and cerebellum in schizophrenic patients as compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, these changes in neuronal activity correlated with changes in some metabolites and cognitive measurements related to appetite regulation.

Neuronal correlates of appetite regulation in patients with schizophrenia: Is there a basis for future appetite dysfunction?

European Psychiatry, 2013

[Bruxism, "screen symptom" of a bio-psycho-social problem]

PubMed, Jun 1, 1986

Clozapine: Current Status and Role in the Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Apr 1, 1996

Objective: This study evaluates clozapine and its present role in the pharmacotherapy of schizoph... more Objective: This study evaluates clozapine and its present role in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. Method: Clozapine's current clinical status is reviewed, as is its position with respect to other treatment options. Results: Clozapine represents the prototype of "atypical" neuroleptics, with evidence of clinical efficacy in both positive and negative symptoms, as well as a diminished risk ofextrapyramidal side effects. It is the only neuroleptic to date that has established itselfas having little, ifany, risk oftardive dyskinesia. More recent research has focused on its potential for overall savings in health care costs, as well as possible benefits in the area of neuropsychological functioning. Conclusion: Evidence suggesting that the course of schizophrenia can be altered by effective treatment favours a systematic approach that optimizes treatment options. While clozapine does not represent a Ist-line agent because of its risk ofagranulocytosis, it has an integral role to play in treatment-resistant schizophrenia or in individuals experiencing intolerable side effects with conventional neuroleptics.

$Research paper thumbnail of La clozapine dans le traitement de la schizophrénie réfractaire: règles et directives canadiennes*$

La clozapine dans le traitement de la schizophrénie réfractaire: règles et directives canadiennes*

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Sep 1, 1992

The Sstics: A Good Instrument for Evaluating the Subjectivecomplaints of Patients with Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Research, Jun 1, 2008

Psychiatrie clinique : approche contemporaine

Traitement, réadaptation, réhabilitation, rétablissement

Annales médico-psychologiques, Apr 1, 2007

Cet article est un complément à celui qui a été publié dans les Annales Médico-Psychologiques en ... more Cet article est un complément à celui qui a été publié dans les Annales Médico-Psychologiques en juin 2006. Il reprend les thèmes de traitement, réadaptation, réhabilitation, rétablissement, pour en préciser les définitions et apporter quelques exemples. Plusieurs questions et commentaires furent soulevés lors de la réunion de la Société Médico-Psychologique et des ébauches de réponse y sont apportées.

Burden of Care of Families Not Living With Young Schizophrenic Relatives

Psychiatric Services, 1992

A program that provides comprehensive support services to young schizophrenic adults and their fa... more A program that provides comprehensive support services to young schizophrenic adults and their families in Montreal was evaluated after one year to assess the needs of families, especially single-parent families, after the young adult patient left home. Results of the evaluation, which employed a case-control design, showed that compared with families receiving the usual services, families in the program reported feeling less burdened by the patients&#39; personal problems. They also received more services and had more contact with professionals. Patients living away from home spent more than 18 hours a week in face-to-face contact with their families. Single parents of mentally ill young adults spent much less time with their offspring and expressed more need for services and a greater burden of care than married parents.

Dopamine Beta-Hydroxylase (DBH) gene and schizophrenia phenotypic variability: A genetic association study

American journal of medical genetics, Jan 28, 2003

Recently, two polymorphisms (DBH5 0-Ins/ del and DBH 444 g/a) of the Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase (D... more Recently, two polymorphisms (DBH5 0-Ins/ del and DBH 444 g/a) of the Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase (DBH) gene were isolated, and one haplotype (Del-a) was found to be associated with low DBH activity and cocaineinduced paranoia. The purpose of this study is to test for association between these two polymorphisms and schizophrenia or its phenotypic variability with respect to neuroleptic therapeutic response and symptom profile. Allelic and haplotype distributions of these two polymorphisms were compared between two groups of schizophrenic patients (excellent neuroleptic-responders; R, n ¼ 42 and non-responders; NR, n ¼ 64), and one group of healthy volunteers (n ¼ 120). The ''Del'' and ''a'' alleles were in positive linkage disequilibrium. No allelic or genotype differences in the distribution of these two polymorphisms were observed between patients and controls. However, The Del-a haplotype was significantly more common in NR patients, and the mean total BPRS score was significantly higher in the group of patients with the Del-a compared to those without the Del-a haplotype. These results suggest that the DBH gene is not a causative factor in schizophrenia but that it may be a modulator of psychotic symptoms, severity of the disorder and therapeutic response to neuroleptic drugs.

Association between the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677C→T missense mutation and schizophrenia

Molecular Psychiatry, May 1, 2000

La famille du schizophrène : interférente ou alliée?

Santé mentale au Québec, Jun 13, 2006

Nous avons fait un tour d'horizon des différentes études qui, dans la seconde moitié de notre siè... more Nous avons fait un tour d'horizon des différentes études qui, dans la seconde moitié de notre siècle, ont été faites sur la famille du schizophrène. Les premières études, plus descriptives, cherchaient à établir l'étiologie de la schizophrénie ; elles identifiaient la famille comme étant une des principales causes de la maladie. Par la suite, le raffinement de la méthodologie et l'apport des études génétiques ont amené les chercheurs à considérer la famille d'un point de vue différent. La famille apparaît désormais comme un facteur important mais elle est liée aux facteurs environnementaux subtils et complexes qui restent encore à déterminer. Les chercheurs tendent maintenant à privilégier une approche qui permette à la famille de jouer un rôle actif face à l'évolution de la maladie. On perçoit de plus en plus la famille comme une alliée potentielle du malade et on s'efforce de l'associer au traitement. C'est du moins le but poursuivi par les tenants de l'approche psychoéducative, et les résultats thérapeutiques semblent, à l'heure actuelle, des plus encourageants.

La Thérapie Psychoéducative

Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal eBooks, Oct 12, 2018

CAG repeat containing genes and schizophrenia: An association study

Biological Psychiatry, Jul 1, 1997

Expert Canadian consensus suggestions on the rational, clinical use of ziprasidone in the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 2005

Many atypical antipsychotic medications are becoming available for clinical use. Ziprasidone is a... more Many atypical antipsychotic medications are becoming available for clinical use. Ziprasidone is a recent addition to this group and is expected to become available for clinical use in Canada in 2005. Ziprasidone has some significant differences compared with other atypicals currently available in Canada. Clinicians need to understand the benefits and risks associated with each of the antipsychotic medications available for the treatment of schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders to ensure their most appropriate utilization. At the suggestion of Professor Stan Kutcher (chair) and as part of an ongoing commitment to provide independent education pertaining to the utility of new psychotropic compounds to health professionals, a panel of Canadian experts in the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders was convened to provide consensus suggestions for the appropriate clinical use of ziprasidone. The consultations regarding the development of these recommendations were organized by Brainworks International (BWI) with arms-length funding from Pfizer Canada. This paper describes the experts' consensus views on the efficacy and safety of ziprasidone, their suggestions on which patients may be suitable for ziprasidone treatment, and how to initiate treatment (including how to switch from other antipsychotic medications), manage side effects, and monitor patients in long-term therapy. These suggestions are those of the authors only and are not endorsed by or necessarily reflect the opinions of BWI or Pfizer Canada.

Polyglutamine-containing proteins in schizophrenia

Molecular Psychiatry, 1999

Genetic anticipation, manifested by increased severity and earlier age-at-onset of the disease ov... more Genetic anticipation, manifested by increased severity and earlier age-at-onset of the disease over successive generations, is reported in schizophrenia. The molecular basis of anticipation in several neurodegenerative diseases is unstable coding CAG repeat expansions. Anticipation was reported in schizophrenia. Recently, studies suggested that enlarged CAG/CTG repeats are over represented in schizophrenic patients compared to normal controls. Together, these observations suggest that unstable CAG repeats may play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia. The purpose of this study is to test for the presence of polyglutamineexpanded tracts, encoded by CAG repeats, in total protein extracts derived from lymphoblastoid cell lines of schizophrenic patients. Proteins from schizophrenic patients (n = 59) and normal controls (n = 73) were separated by means of SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, wet blotted onto nitrocellulose membrane and probed with a monoclonal antibody (mab 1C2) recognizing expanded polyglutamine arrays. Three abnormal bands corresponding to protein(s) of molecular weight of approximately 50 kDa were identified in two unrelated schizophrenic patients and in a sibling of one of these patients. None of the normal controls tested positive for this abnormal band. These results suggest that expanded polyglutamine-containing proteins, though rare, may play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.

Psychiatrists' Ratings of Expressed Emotion

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which psychiatrists are familiar with th... more The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which psychiatrists are familiar with the concept of expressed emotion and to determine the extent of its use in their day-to-day practices. We also wished to test the ability of psychiatrists to estimate the expressed emotion status of the relatives of their patients. Following the assessment of expressed emotion in 96 relatives using the Camberwell Family Interview, the psychiatrists treating the schizophrenic patients were surveyed about their knowledge of expressed emotion and were asked to estimate the expressed emotion of their relatives. Thirty-five percent of the respondents use the expressed emotion concept daily in their practice. When the Camberwell Family Interview ratings of expressed emotion were compared with those from the psychiatrists, the agreement rate was no better than chance (45.7%). Without formal training in the use of the Camberwell Family Interview, practitioners are cautioned against ascribing an ex...

T102C polymorphism in the 5HT2A gene and schizophrenia: relation to phenotype and drug response variability

Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN, 1999

Although genes play a major role in the etiology of schizophrenia, no major genes involved in thi... more Although genes play a major role in the etiology of schizophrenia, no major genes involved in this disease have been identified. However, several genes with small effect have been reported, though inconsistently, to increase the risk for schizophrenia. Recently, the 5HT2A 2 allele (T102C polymorphism) was reported to be over-represented in patients with schizophrenia. Other reports have found an excess of allele 2(C) only in schizophrenic patients who are resistant to clozapine, not in those who respond to clozapine. In this study, the 5HT2A receptor allele 2 frequencies were compared between 2 groups of patients with schizophrenia (39 responders and 63 nonresponders) based on long-term outcome and response to typical neuroleptics. A control group of 90 healthy volunteers screened for mental disorders was also included. Genotype 2/2 tended to be more frequent in patients with schizophrenia with poor long-term outcome and poor response to typical neuroleptics (Bonferroni corrected p ...

[Strategies for coping in schizophrenia]

L'Encéphale

Few studies have documented how schizophrenic patients perceived their needs and which coping ski... more Few studies have documented how schizophrenic patients perceived their needs and which coping skills they have spontaneously developed. All 48 patients of the Louis-H. Lafontaine Young Adults Clinic, a specialised schizophrenia clinic in Montreal, were invited to complete the Task Motivation and Problem Appraisal in Long Term Psychiatric Patients questionnaire. Our study utilised a descriptive approach and a classification of patient's reported problems and their coping skills. A panel of researchers and clinical staff then regrouped patient's perceived problems into four categories: symptoms, coping strategies, organisation of daily activities and interpersonal contacts. The main coping strategies utilised by these young patients are confrontation (52%) emotion-centered coping (57%). Clinical applications can be drawn from paying attention to the reports of schizophrenic patients. For example, rehabilitation activities can be developed which cater to their perceived needs. ...

Steroid receptors/co-receptors and schizophrenia: An association study

Neural changes associated with appetite information processing in schizophrenic patients after 16 weeks of olanzapine treatment

Translational Psychiatry, 2012

There is evidence that some atypical antipsychotics, including olanzapine, can produce unwanted m... more There is evidence that some atypical antipsychotics, including olanzapine, can produce unwanted metabolic side effects, weight gain and diabetes. However, neuronal correlates of change related to food information processing have not been investigated with these medications. We studied the effect of a pharmacological manipulation with an antipsychotic known to cause weight gain on metabolites, cognitive tasks and neural correlates related to food regulation. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in conjunction with a task requiring visual processing of appetitive stimuli in schizophrenic patients and healthy controls before and after 16 weeks of antipsychotic medication with olanzapine. In patients, the psychological and neuronal changes associated following the treatment correlated with appetite control measures and metabolite levels in fasting blood samples. After 16 weeks of olanzapine treatment, the patients gained weight, increased their waist circumference, had fewer positive schizophrenia symptoms, a reduced ghrelin plasma concentration and an increased concentration of triglycerides, insulin and leptin. In premotor area, somatosensory cortices as well as bilaterally in the fusiform gyri, the olanzapine treatment increased the neural activity related to appetitive information in schizophrenic patients to similar levels relative to healthy individuals. However, a higher increase in sensitivity to appetitive stimuli after the treatment was observed in insular cortices, amygdala and cerebellum in schizophrenic patients as compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, these changes in neuronal activity correlated with changes in some metabolites and cognitive measurements related to appetite regulation.

Neuronal correlates of appetite regulation in patients with schizophrenia: Is there a basis for future appetite dysfunction?

European Psychiatry, 2013

[Bruxism, "screen symptom" of a bio-psycho-social problem]

PubMed, Jun 1, 1986

Clozapine: Current Status and Role in the Pharmacotherapy of Schizophrenia

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Apr 1, 1996

Objective: This study evaluates clozapine and its present role in the pharmacotherapy of schizoph... more Objective: This study evaluates clozapine and its present role in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia. Method: Clozapine's current clinical status is reviewed, as is its position with respect to other treatment options. Results: Clozapine represents the prototype of "atypical" neuroleptics, with evidence of clinical efficacy in both positive and negative symptoms, as well as a diminished risk ofextrapyramidal side effects. It is the only neuroleptic to date that has established itselfas having little, ifany, risk oftardive dyskinesia. More recent research has focused on its potential for overall savings in health care costs, as well as possible benefits in the area of neuropsychological functioning. Conclusion: Evidence suggesting that the course of schizophrenia can be altered by effective treatment favours a systematic approach that optimizes treatment options. While clozapine does not represent a Ist-line agent because of its risk ofagranulocytosis, it has an integral role to play in treatment-resistant schizophrenia or in individuals experiencing intolerable side effects with conventional neuroleptics.

$Research paper thumbnail of La clozapine dans le traitement de la schizophrénie réfractaire: règles et directives canadiennes*$

La clozapine dans le traitement de la schizophrénie réfractaire: règles et directives canadiennes*

The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, Sep 1, 1992

The Sstics: A Good Instrument for Evaluating the Subjectivecomplaints of Patients with Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Research, Jun 1, 2008