Pierre Bonfils

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Matthew Broome

University of Oxford

Francesca Brencio

University of Birmingham

Tulane University

University of Ibadan

Saybrook University

Washington Center for Consciousness Studies

Kelly G . Wilson

University of Mississippi

Paulo Belmonte-de-Abreu

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul

Anne Speckhard

Georgetown University, School of Medicine

Charles Zeanah

Tulane University

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Papers by Pierre Bonfils

Distorted Odorant Perception Analysis of a Series of 56 Patients With Parosmia

Functional anatomy of auditory brainstem nuclei: application to the anatomical basis of brainstem auditory evoked potentials

Auris Nasus Larynx, 2001

Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) are used routinely in clinical practice to evaluate t... more Brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) are used routinely in clinical practice to evaluate the normality of the lower auditory system. The objective of this review is to describe the functional anatomy of the structures implicated in BAEP generation (cochlear nerve and the auditory brainstem nuclei). Indications and results of BAEP in clinical practice are presented and correlated with auditory structures,

Origin of cubic difference tones generated by high-intensity stimuli: Effect of ischemia and auditory fatigue on the gerbil cochlea

Journal of The Acoustical Society of America, 2001

Physiopathological significance of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions at 2 f1-f2 produced by high- versus low-level stimuli

Journal of The Acoustical Society of America, 2003

Distortion product otoacoustic emissions emitted by the cochlea at 2 f1-f2 in response to pairs o... more Distortion product otoacoustic emissions emitted by the cochlea at 2 f1-f2 in response to pairs of pure tones at f1 and f2 (DPOAE) form a class of otoacoustic emissions and as such, are viewed as a reliable tool for screening outer hair cell (OHC) dysfunctions on a pass/fail basis. However, the persistence of residual DPOAEs from impaired cochleae at high

Screening of Olfactory Function Using the Biolfa® Olfactory Test: Investigations in Patients with Dysosmia

Acta Oto-laryngologica, 2004

Click-evoked otoacoustic emissions and the influence of high-frequency hearing losses in humans

Journal of The Acoustical Society of America, 1997

Frequency Specificity of Human Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions

International Journal of Audiology, 1993

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): a new therapeutic approach in subjective tinnitus?

by Pierre Bonfils and Alain Londero

Neurophysiologie Clinique-clinical Neurophysiology, 2006

Subjective (non-recordable) tinnitus is the conscious perception of a phantom sound, and a very f... more Subjective (non-recordable) tinnitus is the conscious perception of a phantom sound, and a very frequent, sometimes disabling, condition. Even if subjective tinnitus is often related to peripheral hearing loss, neurophysiological and functional imaging studies provide increasing evidence for an involvement both auditory and non-auditory central nervous pathways in the generation of tinnitus and related distress. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

Congenital anosmia and emotion recognition: A case-control study

by Silla Consoli and Pierre Bonfils

Neuropsychologia, 2015

Patients with anosmia are not able to detect volatile chemicals signaling the presence of infecti... more Patients with anosmia are not able to detect volatile chemicals signaling the presence of infectious and non-infectious environmental hazards, which typically elicit disgust and fear, respectively. Social animals may compensate a loss of olfaction by taking advantage of signals of threat that are produced by their conspecifics. Among humans and other primates, body postures and facial expressions are powerful cues conveying emotional information, including fear and disgust. The aim of the present study was to examine whether humans with agenesis of the olfactory bulb, a rare disorder characterized by congenital anosmia, would be more accurate in recognizing facial expressions of fear and disgust. A total of 90 participants with no history of mental disorder or traumatic brain injury were recruited, including 17 patients with congenital anosmia (10 men, mean age±standard deviation: 36.5±14.8 years), 34 patients with acquired anosmia (18 men, mean age±standard deviation: 57.2±11.8 years) and 39 healthy subjects (22 men, mean age±standard deviation: 36.7±13.2 years). For each patient with congenital anosmia, the agenesis of the olfactory bulb was ascertained through magnetic resonance imaging. Emotion recognition abilities were examined with a dynamic paradigm in which a morphing technique allowed displaying emotional facial expressions increasing in intensity over time. Adjusting for age, education, depression and anxiety, patients with congenital anosmia required similar levels of intensity to correctly recognize fear and disgust than healthy subjects while they displayed decreased error rates for both fear (mean difference [95% confidence interval]=-28.3% [-46.3%, -10.2%], P=0.003) and disgust (mean difference [95% confidence interval]=-15.8% [-31.5%, -0.2%], P=0.048). Furthermore, among patients with acquired anosmia, there was a negative correlation between duration of anosmia and the rate of errors for fearful (Spearman&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s ρ=-0.531, P=0.001) or disgust (Spearman&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s ρ=-0.719, P&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;0.001) faces recognition. No significant difference was observed for the other primary emotions. Overall, these results suggest that patients with congenital anosmia and long-lasting acquired anosmia may compensate their inability to detect environmental hazards through olfaction by an increased ability to detect fear or disgust as facially expressed by others.

[Unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis in the adult: Epidemiology, symptoms, physiopathology and treatment]

Presse médicale (Paris, France : 1983), 2014

In France, the main causes for unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis in the adult patient are surg... more In France, the main causes for unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis in the adult patient are surgery and malignant tumors. Most of unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis following thyroid surgery will recover within the first six postoperative months. At the time of unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis, swallowing impairment and dyspnea occur in around 30% and 5% of cases, respectively. In the face of a unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis occurring without a history of trauma of surgery, the main paraclinical examination to perform is a computed laryngeal nerve examination analyzing the whole length of the nerve involved. Speech therapy efficiency is related to the degree of severity of the symptoms related to unilateral laryngeal nerve paralysis. In the vast majority of cases, laryngeal medialization approaches improve dysphonia and swallowing impairment related to unilateral laryngeal paralysis, but not dyspnea.

[Vestibular and cochlear manifestations in Fabry's disease]

La Revue de médecine interne / fondée ... par la Société nationale francaise de médecine interne, 2010

Anderson-Fabry's disease corresponds to an inherited disorder transmitted by an X-linked rece... more Anderson-Fabry's disease corresponds to an inherited disorder transmitted by an X-linked recessive gene. The disease is caused by an alpha-galactosidase deficiency leading to an abnormal glycosphingolipid metabolism, resulting in glycosphingolipids deposits all over the body. The disease affects all organs over the body and can be responsible for central nervous system or renal failure, heart attack, which can lead for early death in absence of diagnosis and treatment. In addition to these life-threatening manifestations, other problems which may have a profound impact on quality of life, such as hearing loss, have been relatively neglected. Thus, a large proportion of patients with Fabry's disease suffer from sensorineural hearing loss, with both progressive hearing impairment and sudden deafness, and peripheral vestibular deficits with dizziness and vertigo. The exact pathophysiologic mechanism(s) of those otological complications is still studied, but both cochleo-vestibu...

[The cochlea in Fabry disease: a sensorineural hearing loss model of vascular origin?]

La Revue de médecine interne / fondée ... par la Société nationale francaise de médecine interne, 2006

Fabry disease is an inborn error of metabolism due to a deficient activity of the lysosomal enzym... more Fabry disease is an inborn error of metabolism due to a deficient activity of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-galactosidase A. The enzyme defect leads to the systemic accumulation of neutral glycosphingolipids in tissues, mainly in the vascular endothelium. The aim of this paper is to present a review of the auditory manifestations in Fabry disease, and to discuss hypothesis on the vascular origin of deafness. Sensorineural hearing loss in Fabry disease could be the first documented vascular pathology of the inner ear.

Correlation between nasosinusal symptoms and topographic diagnosis in chronic rhinosinusitis

by Paul Landais and Pierre Bonfils

The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology, 2005

Rhinitis and sinusitis concern roughly a quarter of the population in the Western world. They are... more Rhinitis and sinusitis concern roughly a quarter of the population in the Western world. They are associated with a wide range of symptoms: nasal obstruction, anterior and posterior nasal discharge, sneezing episodes, facial pain or congestion, and taste and smell disorders. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical significance of these various symptoms as a function of the topographic diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. The study involved 474 patients with signs of chronic perennial and persistent rhinosinusitis. The disorders of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses were classified into three main diagnostic categories: chronic rhinitis, localized sinusitis (mainly, anterior sinusitis), and diffuse rhinosinusitis (ie, nasal polyposis). A principal components analysis was performed. The symptom patterns of the three main clinical entities differed greatly. Most of the following clinical signs--nasal obstruction, anterior and posterior nasal discharge, snee...

[A clinical study of chronic perennial and permanent rhino-sinusal dysfunction. II. Clinical pattern of different pathologies]

by Paul Landais and Pierre Bonfils

Following a univariate analysis of the clinical features of chronic perannual and permanent rhino... more Following a univariate analysis of the clinical features of chronic perannual and permanent rhinosinus dysfunction, the aim of this work was to complete the study by a multivariate analysis. The analysis was based on the three main pathologies retained (chronic sinusitis, bilateral symmetrical pansinusitis, anterior facial sinusitis). Each pathological situation was divided into subgroups, Phadiatop positive or negative chronic rhinitis, bilateral symmetrical chronic panethmoiditis or stage I, II or III naso-sinus polyposis, maxillary sinusitis or anterior facial pansinusitis. The clinical features of these different entities were detailed (number, quality and laterality of the symptoms, results of the physical examination). This clinical description was compared with paraclinical findings, particularly computed tomography of the face.

[Semiologic study of chronic perennial and permanent paranasal sinus dysfunction. Prevalence of symptoms]

by Paul Landais and Pierre Bonfils

Rhino-sinus dysfunction is associated with several symptoms: nasal obstruction, anterior and post... more Rhino-sinus dysfunction is associated with several symptoms: nasal obstruction, anterior and posterior rhinorrhea, episodes of sneezing, painful or heavy feeling in the face, taste and smell disorders. Certain manifestations have an impact on the pharynx, the larynx or the tracheobronchial tree. This prospective study was conducted in 449 consecutive patients who consulted over an 18-months period from November 1995 to May 1997. The objective was to determine the symptom pattern, main disease of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses which were involved: chronic rhinitis, anterior sinusitis, bilateral and symmetric pansinusitis with or without nasosinus polyps. In the first part of the study, the frequency of different symptoms were determined for the main nasosinus diseases. Statistical analysis of the correlations between symptoms and diseases provided a specific approach to symptoms.

Statistical evaluation of hearing screening by distortion product otoacoustic emissions

by Pierre Bonfils and Paul Landais

The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology, 1997

The aim of this study was to provide a statistical evaluation of the screening properties of dist... more The aim of this study was to provide a statistical evaluation of the screening properties of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOEs) in individuals with clinically normal hearing and in patients with pure sensorineural deafness of various degrees. The main informational parameters used were sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and the analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. For each frequency tested, ears were classified as a function of their audiometric threshold. Two groups were defined relative to an arbitrary reference, the "audiometric criterion." The PPV decreased and NPV increased with increases in the audiometric criterion. Each point of the ROC curve represents the relationship between the false alarm rate and the hit rate for each audiometric criterion ranging between 10 and 75 dB hearing level: the lower the audiometric criterion, the lower the hit rate value, and the lower the ...

[Changes of the properties of provoked oto-emissions in tubal dysfunctions]

Annales d Otolaryngologie et de Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale

The authors have studied the induced acoustic otoemissions in 53 children with tubal malfunction.... more The authors have studied the induced acoustic otoemissions in 53 children with tubal malfunction. Otoemissions were present in 29% of all ears. In cases of retraction of the eardrum, the otoemissions were present in 2 of 23 ears. Some ears had no induced oteomission, with hypoacousia ranging from 10 to 15 dB only. Conversely, there were induced otoemissions in some ears while hypoacousia was as high as 25 dB.

Magnitudes and phases of human distortion-product otoacoustic emissions at 2f1−f2 against f2/f1: effects of an audiometric notch

by Pierre Bonfils and Alain Londero

Correction: Patients affected with Fabry disease have an increased incidence of progressive hearing loss and sudden deafness: an investigation of twenty-two hemizygous male patients

Postoperative Hemorrhage After Transoral Oropharyngectomy for Cancer of the Lateral Oropharynx

The Annals of otology, rhinology, and laryngology, Jan 10, 2014

Assessment of incidence, risk factors, management, and outcome of postoperative hemorrhage after ... more Assessment of incidence, risk factors, management, and outcome of postoperative hemorrhage after transoral oropharyngectomy for cancer of the lateral oropharynx. Retrospective review of a cohort of 514 cancers of the lateral oropharynx consecutively resected. Incidence of postoperative hemorrhage was 3.6%. In 31.5% of cases, onset was after hospital discharge. No hemorrhages occurred after the end of the fourth postoperative week. Variables associated with increased risk of hemorrhage were advanced age (P = .004), antithrombotic treatment (P = .012), and robotic assistance (P = .009). When the source of hemorrhage could be identified, hemostasis, performed transorally in most cases, was highly effective; no patients in this subgroup showed recurrence. In spontaneously resolved hemorrhage under observation or when no active site of bleeding was found on exploration under general anesthesia, the recurrence rate was 18.1%. Overall, hemorrhage resulted in death in 2 patients. Exploratio...

Distorted Odorant Perception Analysis of a Series of 56 Patients With Parosmia

Functional anatomy of auditory brainstem nuclei: application to the anatomical basis of brainstem auditory evoked potentials

Auris Nasus Larynx, 2001