Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2015
Cerebral artery fenestrations are usually detected incidentally during angiography, have a report... more Cerebral artery fenestrations are usually detected incidentally during angiography, have a reported incidence ranging from of 0.03% to 1%, and rarely cause neurological symptoms. They can, however, be associated with aneurysmal dilatation at the proximal or distal end of the fenestration, cerebral arteriovenous malformations, or (rarely) ischemic symptoms. We present a case of a 54-year-old obese woman who presented with a large convex-lens-like fenestration of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) at the M1 segment (distal to the origin of the temporopolar artery) associated with a transient ischemic attack. The MCA fenestration caused a local change in hemodynamic blood flow, which leads to cerebral ischemia. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) also revealed an associated small slit-like fenestration of the basilar artery (BA), hypoplasia of the A1 segment of the right anterior cerebral artery, bilateral fetal posterior cerebral arteries, and bilateral absence of the posterior c...
Aortoiliac occlusive disease is a subset of peripheral arterial disease involving an atheromatous... more Aortoiliac occlusive disease is a subset of peripheral arterial disease involving an atheromatous occlusion of the infrarenal aorta, common iliac arteries, or both. The disease, as it is known today, was described by the French surgeon René Leriche as a thrombotic occlusion of the end of the aorta. Leriche successfully linked the anatomic location of the occlusion with a unique triad of symptoms, including claudication, impotence, and decreased peripheral pulses. The anatomical location of the atheromatous lesions also has a direct influence on classification of the disease, as well as choice of treatment modality. Considering its impact on diagnosis and treatment, we aimed to provide a detailed understanding of the anatomical structures involved in aortoiliac occlusive disease. Familiarity with these structures will aid the physician in interpretation of radiologic images and surgical planning.
Aortoiliac occlusive disease is a subset of peripheral arterial disease involving an atheromatous... more Aortoiliac occlusive disease is a subset of peripheral arterial disease involving an atheromatous occlusion of the infrarenal aorta, common iliac arteries, or both. The disease, as it is known today, was described by the French surgeon René Leriche as a thrombotic occlusion of the end of the aorta. Leriche successfully linked the anatomic location of the occlusion with a unique triad of symptoms, including claudication, impotence, and decreased peripheral pulses. The anatomical location of the atheromatous lesions also has a direct influence on classification of the disease, as well as choice of treatment modality. Considering its impact on diagnosis and treatment, we aimed to provide a detailed understanding of the anatomical structures involved in aortoiliac occlusive disease. Familiarity with these structures will aid the physician in interpretation of radiologic images and surgical planning.
We describe in this paper a rare case of a 45-year-old male with a common stem origin of the left... more We describe in this paper a rare case of a 45-year-old male with a common stem origin of the left gastric artery (LGA), right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA), and left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA), in association with the presence of a hepatosplenomesenteric trunk (HSMT) arising from the abdominal aorta (AA), as revealed by routine multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography. The common stem origin of the LGA, RIPA, and LIPA had an endoluminal diameter of 3.3 mm, the LGA of 2.8 mm. The endoluminal diameter of the RIPA and LIPA was at the origin of approximately 1 mm, complicating selective chemoembolization of the liver parenchyma.
The knowledge of neural interconnections between adjacent nerves of the upper limb is important t... more The knowledge of neural interconnections between adjacent nerves of the upper limb is important to the surgeon as such variations may lead to issues with surgical identification and thus iatrogenic injury. Trauma or entrapment of these nerves may cause functional losses different from those expected and thus result in misdiagnosis. The authors review the literature regarding such nervous system derangements.
Meckel's diverticulum is the most prevalent congenital ab... more Meckel's diverticulum is the most prevalent congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. This anomaly is due to the incomplete obliteration of the omphalomesenteric duct during the 7th week of gestation and is classically located 2 feet proximal to the ileocecal valve. Variations of this congenital malformation have been recorded based on location, size, and form. While most of the population may be asymptomatic, clinical manifestation, including gastrointestinal bleed and intestinal obstruction, can emerge. Despite the frequency of Meckel's diverticulum, it is commonly misdiagnosed due to its mimicry of appendicitis. This article aimed to review this derailment of embryological development.
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2014
Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) is the second most common fusion anomalies (FAs) of the kidney... more Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) is the second most common fusion anomalies (FAs) of the kidneys after horseshoe kidney. Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) results from one kidney crossing over to the opposite side and subsequent fusion of the parenchyma of the two kidneys. We report, by multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) angiography, an extremely rare case of a left CFRE (L-shaped kidney type), consisting of multiple renal arteries (one main renal artery for the upper renal parenchyma, and three renal arteries (one main and two additional) for the lower renal parenchyma) and two left renal veins, which produced a double nutcracker syndrome (both anterior and posterior). The L-shaped left kidney has a maximum length of 18.5 cm, a maximum width of 10.2 cm, and a maximum thickness of 5.3 cm. The upper pole of the kidney is located at the level of the lower third of T12 vertebral body (4.6 cm left to the mediosagittal plan); the lower pole is located along the lower half of...
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2015
There are several reports of multiple ectopic renal arteries (RA) in the literature. However, the... more There are several reports of multiple ectopic renal arteries (RA) in the literature. However, the ectopic origin of a single RA with a normal kidney position is rare. Knowledge of this variant is extremely important in clinical, surgical and radiological practice. Using MDCT angiography examination, we describe a rare case of a right kidney located in a normal lumbal position with a single ectopic thoracic renal artery originating in the thorax, above the diaphragmatic dome, at the level of the upper one-third of the T12 vertebral body. With an "S"-shaped course and a total length of 103 mm, this artery had an intratoracic portion of 38 mm. It crossed the diaphragm at 23 mm lateral to the right side of the TA, through a hiatus located on the lateral side of the right crus of the diaphragm. The right inferior phrenic artery arose from the left lateral wall of the right RA, 5 mm below the level of CT (45 mm distal to the right RA origin). Remarkably, this variant was associa...
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2015
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the topography of the saphenous nerve branches and of t... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the topography of the saphenous nerve branches and of the popliteal neurovascular bundle of knee and to establish a low risk placement position of the posteromedial knee portal (PmKP). A slice anatomy study, by using plastinated transparent knee cross-sections was performed on 12 intact right male cadaver lower limbs. The measurements were performed at the level of the medial epicondyle (MEc), at the joint line level and at the level of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The popliteal artery (PA) is predicted to be 8.66±2.17 mm dorsal and the sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve (SBSN) at 4.27±0.05 mm posterior to the joint capsule at the level of the MEc. At the joint level, the PA is 7.86±2.26 mm away from the PCL and the SBSN is predicted at 2.41±0.12 mm posterior to the joint capsule. At the level of the tibial attachment of the PCL, the PA to PCL the distance is 5.93±3.61 mm and the SBSN is situated at 4....
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2015
A congenital solitary kidney with multiple renal arteries is a rare congenital abnormality that c... more A congenital solitary kidney with multiple renal arteries is a rare congenital abnormality that can occur in the presence of multiple other anomalies. We describe an atypical case of a right congenital solitary kidney with three renal arteries (RA) one main RA and two additional renal arteries in a 75-year-old woman with uterine didelphys. The main RA had an intraluminal diameter larger than the diameter of the additional renal arteries (AdRAs) at the origin (0.53 cm for the main RA; 0.49 cm and 0.32 cm for the two AdRAs). Both the AdRAs had a greater length than the main RA (3.51 cm for the main RA; 3.70 cm and 4.77 cm for the two AdRAs). The calculated volume of the kidney was 283 cm³, while the volume of the renal parenchyma was 258 cm³. Knowledge of this variant is extremely important in clinical practice as it has been found to be associated with proteinuria, hypertension and renal insufficiency.
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie
There are several reports of multiple ectopic renal arteries (RA) in the literature. However, the... more There are several reports of multiple ectopic renal arteries (RA) in the literature. However, the ectopic origin of a single RA with a normal kidney position is rare. Knowledge of this variant is extremely important in clinical, surgical and radiological practice. Using MDCT angiography examination, we describe a rare case of a right kidney located in a normal lumbal position with a single ectopic thoracic renal artery originating in the thorax, above the diaphragmatic dome, at the level of the upper one-third of the T12 vertebral body. With an "S"-shaped course and a total length of 103 mm, this artery had an intratoracic portion of 38 mm. It crossed the diaphragm at 23 mm lateral to the right side of the TA, through a hiatus located on the lateral side of the right crus of the diaphragm. The right inferior phrenic artery arose from the left lateral wall of the right RA, 5 mm below the level of CT (45 mm distal to the right RA origin). Remarkably, this variant was associated with an area of proximal arterial stenosis, which produced signs and symptoms of hypertension secondary to renal arterial stenosis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a stenotic single ectopic thoracic renal artery associated with a normal kidney position.
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2015
The vertebrobasilar system (VBS) consists in the intracranial parts of the vertebral arteries (VA... more The vertebrobasilar system (VBS) consists in the intracranial parts of the vertebral arteries (VAs), the basilar artery (BA) and its branches. The presence of a duplication at the level of the intracranial segment of VA (V4) is generally an incidental finding, but may be associated with aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations. We present an extremely rare case of duplication of the distal end of the left vertebral artery, associated with fenestration of the right posterior cerebral artery. The distal end of the left VA was duplicated into two arms (the right with a length of 5.5 mm and a diameter of 2.3 mm that connected with the contralateral VA; and the left with a length of 11.0 mm and a diameter of 1.6 mm, which connected more distally with the BA). The right posterior cerebral artery (PCA) had a fenestration in the posterior segment of the posterior communicating part (P2), with a length of 6.8 mm.
Carcinoma verrucous--anatomoclinical entity histological high rate of differentiation of the spin... more Carcinoma verrucous--anatomoclinical entity histological high rate of differentiation of the spinocellular epithelioma, clinically associated with 3 types of lesion. We present the therapeutical solution of a plantar carcinoma verrucous case, a large post-excisional defect-free flap transfer of latissimus dorsi muscle using microsurgical techniques.
Originally described over 220 years ago, the clinical scenario of hepatic aneurysms remains incom... more Originally described over 220 years ago, the clinical scenario of hepatic aneurysms remains incompletely understood. Moreover, its optimal treatment has yet to be defined. The present paper reviews the literature regarding this pathological state of the abdomen and discusses what is known regarding the presentation, diagnosis, and anatomy of hepatic arterial aneurysms.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the topography of the main neurovascular bundle located in ... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the topography of the main neurovascular bundle located in the posterior aspect of the shoulder and to establish a relatively safe area for a low-risk arthroscopic approach through a posterior portal. A slice anatomy study, using plastinated transparent shoulder joint sections, was performed on ten non-degenerative right shoulder body specimens. Measurements were performed at the level of the suprascapular notch, the coracoid process, and the acromion. The suprascapular nerve was 38.2 ± 0.1 mm, the suprascapular artery 39.4 ± 0.2 mm, and the circumflex scapular artery was 24.8 ± 0.5 mm away from the posterior rim of the acromion at the level of the suprascapular notch. At the level of the coracoid process the suprascapular artery was 34.2 ± 0.5 mm, and the circumflex scapular artery was 50.9 ± 0.3 mm away from the posterior rim of the acromion. Combined measurements of both arteries offered an average distance of 19.8 ± 0.3 mm. The mean distance...
This study describes an experimental model of accessory renal allotransplantation in the big labo... more This study describes an experimental model of accessory renal allotransplantation in the big laboratory animal (pig). A total of 24 common-breed pigs were used. All allografts were transplanted in an accessory manner and revascularized at the level of the infrarenal abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. The urinary drainage was performed either through a nexternal uretheroneostomy at the ipsilateral lumbar region (Group A--n=8) or by internal uretheroneocystostomy (Group B--n=8). All transplants were monitored for 8 days postoperatively using translumbar ultrasound-guided biopsies at 1, 4, 7 days. A total of 16 transplants were performed. 1 ectopic donor kidney was found and transplanted in the same fashion. Mean operative time was 125 minutes, immediate postoperative survival was 100% and at 72 hours, 87.5%. The onset of acute rejection was at day 4, by massive lymphocyte infiltration and was directly correlated with the abrupt decrease of the allograft diuresis in Group A, at da...
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2015
Cerebral artery fenestrations are usually detected incidentally during angiography, have a report... more Cerebral artery fenestrations are usually detected incidentally during angiography, have a reported incidence ranging from of 0.03% to 1%, and rarely cause neurological symptoms. They can, however, be associated with aneurysmal dilatation at the proximal or distal end of the fenestration, cerebral arteriovenous malformations, or (rarely) ischemic symptoms. We present a case of a 54-year-old obese woman who presented with a large convex-lens-like fenestration of the right middle cerebral artery (MCA) at the M1 segment (distal to the origin of the temporopolar artery) associated with a transient ischemic attack. The MCA fenestration caused a local change in hemodynamic blood flow, which leads to cerebral ischemia. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) also revealed an associated small slit-like fenestration of the basilar artery (BA), hypoplasia of the A1 segment of the right anterior cerebral artery, bilateral fetal posterior cerebral arteries, and bilateral absence of the posterior c...
Aortoiliac occlusive disease is a subset of peripheral arterial disease involving an atheromatous... more Aortoiliac occlusive disease is a subset of peripheral arterial disease involving an atheromatous occlusion of the infrarenal aorta, common iliac arteries, or both. The disease, as it is known today, was described by the French surgeon René Leriche as a thrombotic occlusion of the end of the aorta. Leriche successfully linked the anatomic location of the occlusion with a unique triad of symptoms, including claudication, impotence, and decreased peripheral pulses. The anatomical location of the atheromatous lesions also has a direct influence on classification of the disease, as well as choice of treatment modality. Considering its impact on diagnosis and treatment, we aimed to provide a detailed understanding of the anatomical structures involved in aortoiliac occlusive disease. Familiarity with these structures will aid the physician in interpretation of radiologic images and surgical planning.
Aortoiliac occlusive disease is a subset of peripheral arterial disease involving an atheromatous... more Aortoiliac occlusive disease is a subset of peripheral arterial disease involving an atheromatous occlusion of the infrarenal aorta, common iliac arteries, or both. The disease, as it is known today, was described by the French surgeon René Leriche as a thrombotic occlusion of the end of the aorta. Leriche successfully linked the anatomic location of the occlusion with a unique triad of symptoms, including claudication, impotence, and decreased peripheral pulses. The anatomical location of the atheromatous lesions also has a direct influence on classification of the disease, as well as choice of treatment modality. Considering its impact on diagnosis and treatment, we aimed to provide a detailed understanding of the anatomical structures involved in aortoiliac occlusive disease. Familiarity with these structures will aid the physician in interpretation of radiologic images and surgical planning.
We describe in this paper a rare case of a 45-year-old male with a common stem origin of the left... more We describe in this paper a rare case of a 45-year-old male with a common stem origin of the left gastric artery (LGA), right inferior phrenic artery (RIPA), and left inferior phrenic artery (LIPA), in association with the presence of a hepatosplenomesenteric trunk (HSMT) arising from the abdominal aorta (AA), as revealed by routine multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography. The common stem origin of the LGA, RIPA, and LIPA had an endoluminal diameter of 3.3 mm, the LGA of 2.8 mm. The endoluminal diameter of the RIPA and LIPA was at the origin of approximately 1 mm, complicating selective chemoembolization of the liver parenchyma.
The knowledge of neural interconnections between adjacent nerves of the upper limb is important t... more The knowledge of neural interconnections between adjacent nerves of the upper limb is important to the surgeon as such variations may lead to issues with surgical identification and thus iatrogenic injury. Trauma or entrapment of these nerves may cause functional losses different from those expected and thus result in misdiagnosis. The authors review the literature regarding such nervous system derangements.
Meckel's diverticulum is the most prevalent congenital ab... more Meckel's diverticulum is the most prevalent congenital abnormality of the gastrointestinal tract. This anomaly is due to the incomplete obliteration of the omphalomesenteric duct during the 7th week of gestation and is classically located 2 feet proximal to the ileocecal valve. Variations of this congenital malformation have been recorded based on location, size, and form. While most of the population may be asymptomatic, clinical manifestation, including gastrointestinal bleed and intestinal obstruction, can emerge. Despite the frequency of Meckel's diverticulum, it is commonly misdiagnosed due to its mimicry of appendicitis. This article aimed to review this derailment of embryological development.
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2014
Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) is the second most common fusion anomalies (FAs) of the kidney... more Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) is the second most common fusion anomalies (FAs) of the kidneys after horseshoe kidney. Crossed fused renal ectopia (CFRE) results from one kidney crossing over to the opposite side and subsequent fusion of the parenchyma of the two kidneys. We report, by multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) angiography, an extremely rare case of a left CFRE (L-shaped kidney type), consisting of multiple renal arteries (one main renal artery for the upper renal parenchyma, and three renal arteries (one main and two additional) for the lower renal parenchyma) and two left renal veins, which produced a double nutcracker syndrome (both anterior and posterior). The L-shaped left kidney has a maximum length of 18.5 cm, a maximum width of 10.2 cm, and a maximum thickness of 5.3 cm. The upper pole of the kidney is located at the level of the lower third of T12 vertebral body (4.6 cm left to the mediosagittal plan); the lower pole is located along the lower half of...
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2015
There are several reports of multiple ectopic renal arteries (RA) in the literature. However, the... more There are several reports of multiple ectopic renal arteries (RA) in the literature. However, the ectopic origin of a single RA with a normal kidney position is rare. Knowledge of this variant is extremely important in clinical, surgical and radiological practice. Using MDCT angiography examination, we describe a rare case of a right kidney located in a normal lumbal position with a single ectopic thoracic renal artery originating in the thorax, above the diaphragmatic dome, at the level of the upper one-third of the T12 vertebral body. With an "S"-shaped course and a total length of 103 mm, this artery had an intratoracic portion of 38 mm. It crossed the diaphragm at 23 mm lateral to the right side of the TA, through a hiatus located on the lateral side of the right crus of the diaphragm. The right inferior phrenic artery arose from the left lateral wall of the right RA, 5 mm below the level of CT (45 mm distal to the right RA origin). Remarkably, this variant was associa...
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2015
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the topography of the saphenous nerve branches and of t... more The purpose of this study was to evaluate the topography of the saphenous nerve branches and of the popliteal neurovascular bundle of knee and to establish a low risk placement position of the posteromedial knee portal (PmKP). A slice anatomy study, by using plastinated transparent knee cross-sections was performed on 12 intact right male cadaver lower limbs. The measurements were performed at the level of the medial epicondyle (MEc), at the joint line level and at the level of the tibial attachment of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). The popliteal artery (PA) is predicted to be 8.66±2.17 mm dorsal and the sartorial branch of the saphenous nerve (SBSN) at 4.27±0.05 mm posterior to the joint capsule at the level of the MEc. At the joint level, the PA is 7.86±2.26 mm away from the PCL and the SBSN is predicted at 2.41±0.12 mm posterior to the joint capsule. At the level of the tibial attachment of the PCL, the PA to PCL the distance is 5.93±3.61 mm and the SBSN is situated at 4....
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2015
A congenital solitary kidney with multiple renal arteries is a rare congenital abnormality that c... more A congenital solitary kidney with multiple renal arteries is a rare congenital abnormality that can occur in the presence of multiple other anomalies. We describe an atypical case of a right congenital solitary kidney with three renal arteries (RA) one main RA and two additional renal arteries in a 75-year-old woman with uterine didelphys. The main RA had an intraluminal diameter larger than the diameter of the additional renal arteries (AdRAs) at the origin (0.53 cm for the main RA; 0.49 cm and 0.32 cm for the two AdRAs). Both the AdRAs had a greater length than the main RA (3.51 cm for the main RA; 3.70 cm and 4.77 cm for the two AdRAs). The calculated volume of the kidney was 283 cm³, while the volume of the renal parenchyma was 258 cm³. Knowledge of this variant is extremely important in clinical practice as it has been found to be associated with proteinuria, hypertension and renal insufficiency.
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie
There are several reports of multiple ectopic renal arteries (RA) in the literature. However, the... more There are several reports of multiple ectopic renal arteries (RA) in the literature. However, the ectopic origin of a single RA with a normal kidney position is rare. Knowledge of this variant is extremely important in clinical, surgical and radiological practice. Using MDCT angiography examination, we describe a rare case of a right kidney located in a normal lumbal position with a single ectopic thoracic renal artery originating in the thorax, above the diaphragmatic dome, at the level of the upper one-third of the T12 vertebral body. With an "S"-shaped course and a total length of 103 mm, this artery had an intratoracic portion of 38 mm. It crossed the diaphragm at 23 mm lateral to the right side of the TA, through a hiatus located on the lateral side of the right crus of the diaphragm. The right inferior phrenic artery arose from the left lateral wall of the right RA, 5 mm below the level of CT (45 mm distal to the right RA origin). Remarkably, this variant was associated with an area of proximal arterial stenosis, which produced signs and symptoms of hypertension secondary to renal arterial stenosis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of a stenotic single ectopic thoracic renal artery associated with a normal kidney position.
Romanian journal of morphology and embryology = Revue roumaine de morphologie et embryologie, 2015
The vertebrobasilar system (VBS) consists in the intracranial parts of the vertebral arteries (VA... more The vertebrobasilar system (VBS) consists in the intracranial parts of the vertebral arteries (VAs), the basilar artery (BA) and its branches. The presence of a duplication at the level of the intracranial segment of VA (V4) is generally an incidental finding, but may be associated with aneurysms or arteriovenous malformations. We present an extremely rare case of duplication of the distal end of the left vertebral artery, associated with fenestration of the right posterior cerebral artery. The distal end of the left VA was duplicated into two arms (the right with a length of 5.5 mm and a diameter of 2.3 mm that connected with the contralateral VA; and the left with a length of 11.0 mm and a diameter of 1.6 mm, which connected more distally with the BA). The right posterior cerebral artery (PCA) had a fenestration in the posterior segment of the posterior communicating part (P2), with a length of 6.8 mm.
Carcinoma verrucous--anatomoclinical entity histological high rate of differentiation of the spin... more Carcinoma verrucous--anatomoclinical entity histological high rate of differentiation of the spinocellular epithelioma, clinically associated with 3 types of lesion. We present the therapeutical solution of a plantar carcinoma verrucous case, a large post-excisional defect-free flap transfer of latissimus dorsi muscle using microsurgical techniques.
Originally described over 220 years ago, the clinical scenario of hepatic aneurysms remains incom... more Originally described over 220 years ago, the clinical scenario of hepatic aneurysms remains incompletely understood. Moreover, its optimal treatment has yet to be defined. The present paper reviews the literature regarding this pathological state of the abdomen and discusses what is known regarding the presentation, diagnosis, and anatomy of hepatic arterial aneurysms.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the topography of the main neurovascular bundle located in ... more The aim of this study was to evaluate the topography of the main neurovascular bundle located in the posterior aspect of the shoulder and to establish a relatively safe area for a low-risk arthroscopic approach through a posterior portal. A slice anatomy study, using plastinated transparent shoulder joint sections, was performed on ten non-degenerative right shoulder body specimens. Measurements were performed at the level of the suprascapular notch, the coracoid process, and the acromion. The suprascapular nerve was 38.2 ± 0.1 mm, the suprascapular artery 39.4 ± 0.2 mm, and the circumflex scapular artery was 24.8 ± 0.5 mm away from the posterior rim of the acromion at the level of the suprascapular notch. At the level of the coracoid process the suprascapular artery was 34.2 ± 0.5 mm, and the circumflex scapular artery was 50.9 ± 0.3 mm away from the posterior rim of the acromion. Combined measurements of both arteries offered an average distance of 19.8 ± 0.3 mm. The mean distance...
This study describes an experimental model of accessory renal allotransplantation in the big labo... more This study describes an experimental model of accessory renal allotransplantation in the big laboratory animal (pig). A total of 24 common-breed pigs were used. All allografts were transplanted in an accessory manner and revascularized at the level of the infrarenal abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava. The urinary drainage was performed either through a nexternal uretheroneostomy at the ipsilateral lumbar region (Group A--n=8) or by internal uretheroneocystostomy (Group B--n=8). All transplants were monitored for 8 days postoperatively using translumbar ultrasound-guided biopsies at 1, 4, 7 days. A total of 16 transplants were performed. 1 ectopic donor kidney was found and transplanted in the same fashion. Mean operative time was 125 minutes, immediate postoperative survival was 100% and at 72 hours, 87.5%. The onset of acute rejection was at day 4, by massive lymphocyte infiltration and was directly correlated with the abrupt decrease of the allograft diuresis in Group A, at da...
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