Who are the Entrepreneurs and Where Do They Come From? Transition to Self-employment Before, Under and After Communism in Hungary
International Review of Sociology, 2000
... This U-shaped curve pattern for reproduction of self-employment is in line with previous fi n... more ... This U-shaped curve pattern for reproduction of self-employment is in line with previous fi nd-ings by Ganzeboom et al. ... Academic education, however, plays the strongest role in becoming self-employed precisely during the decline of communism in the 1980s, when
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Papers by Peter Robert
government-dependent, and private independent schools in 22 countries are
analyzed with Programme for International Student Assessment 2000 data. In
a multilevel approach, the authors estimate these sector effects, controlling for
sociological characteristics of students and parents, school composition, teaching
and learning conditions of schools, and students’ and principals’ perception of
the climate of their schools. The main explanation of their gross differences in
scholastic achievement is the better social composition of private schools, both
government dependent and independent. But pupils at private governmentdependent
schools have a higher net educational achievement than do comparable
pupils at public schools with the same social composition. The explanation
of these remaining net differences in scholastic achievement seems to be their
better school climate. These net differences in scholastic achievement between
public and private school sectors are equal across nations, despite historical
differences of educational systems.
government-dependent, and private independent schools in 22 countries are
analyzed with Programme for International Student Assessment 2000 data. In
a multilevel approach, the authors estimate these sector effects, controlling for
sociological characteristics of students and parents, school composition, teaching
and learning conditions of schools, and students’ and principals’ perception of
the climate of their schools. The main explanation of their gross differences in
scholastic achievement is the better social composition of private schools, both
government dependent and independent. But pupils at private governmentdependent
schools have a higher net educational achievement than do comparable
pupils at public schools with the same social composition. The explanation
of these remaining net differences in scholastic achievement seems to be their
better school climate. These net differences in scholastic achievement between
public and private school sectors are equal across nations, despite historical
differences of educational systems.