The main goal of this study is to analyse and the interpretation of plants macro remains files fr... more The main goal of this study is to analyse and the interpretation of plants macro remains files from La Tène localities of southwestern Slovakia with an emphasis on the Komjatice-Kňazova jama site. The obtained results were confronted with each other, a series of different types of analyses were also applied to the researched material, especially to clarify the issue of the relationship of lower settlements to upland localities, oppids. The obtained and presented archaeobotanical findings indicate certain different trends in crop popularity depending on regions or chronological degrees. When comparing the examined set of planting species from the sample from Komjatice-Kňazova jama with the findings from other settlements, it can be stated that they represent a typical composition with not significantly difference from other sites. Also, the current findings do not indicate that the inhabitants living in fortified, highland localities have different or food strategies other than those living in lowland unfortified settlements.
Barevné verze fotografi í z tohoto článku najdete na zadní a zadní vnitřní obálce časopisu. 15 17... more Barevné verze fotografi í z tohoto článku najdete na zadní a zadní vnitřní obálce časopisu. 15 17/2015 ŽIVÁ ARCHEOLOGIE -REA TÉMA 70 LET JIØÍHO WALDHAUSERA Rekonstrukce hrobu bojovníka z Palárikova Cílem našeho pøíspìvku je poukázat na možnosti vizualizace archeologických hrobových nálezù na pøíkladu bojovnického hrobu z pohøebištì Palárikovo I. Zamìøili jsme se na získání domnìlého vzhledu pøedmìtù s ohledem na jejich souèasný špatný stav dochování èi úplnou absenci. Zároveò jsme se také pokusili o rekonstrukci hrobové jámy a samotného pohøbeného, jehož kroj není souèástí tohoto pøíspìvku.
The Celtic burial ground of “Palárikovo I” is
situated in the north-western part of the village
o... more The Celtic burial ground of “Palárikovo I” is situated in the north-western part of the village of Palárikovo, at the location of previous village of Dolné Križovany or Dolný Keresztúr. The first findings on the site are date back to 1969, when the first archaeological site inspection took place. A rescue excavations was started in 1970 and was led by B. Benadik from the SAS Institute of Archaeology. In cooperation with E. Rejholec (technician), 32 graves were excavated and documented during the first stage of excavation. In following seasons between the years 1971–1974, the number of graves rose by another 63. The excavated area was 1 ha in total, all the graves were dated to the Middle La Tène period (LT B1–C). Only eight of all the excavated graves contained standard military equipment (sword, shield, and spear). One of them was grave No. 6. The finds (especially the iron items) were not well preserved and some of them, probably due to the poor state of their preservation after discovery, are missing at the present time (sword). We were able to create an “ideal 3D reconstruction” of this warrior grave. We have processed and successfully recreated twelve items. Then we distributed them within the grave-pit space in a way they could have been laid during the burial ritual. All reconstructed elements have different degree of realism, due to variations in their documentation and also due to conditions of preservation.
The Komjatice is a well-known site in the south-west Slovakia. In 1977 - 1979 A. Točík
excavated... more The Komjatice is a well-known site in the south-west Slovakia. In 1977 - 1979 A. Točík
excavated a part of the middle-laténe settlement with seven semi-grounded huts. Results
and the material from this excavation have not been processed, yet. Except archaeological
findings (mainly pottery), a vast number of animal bones have been found which have
been processed by V. Rajtová. Botanical material has also been documented on clay daubs
as imprints, but mainly from a single sample, which was taken from interior from one of
the huts. The results from archeobotanical and archeozoological analysis with combination
of 3D visualization, has been used to create ideal reconstruction of one of the huts
with its possible economical hinterland.
The village Komjatice is situated in the SW Slovakia in the district of Nové Zámky, in the territ... more The village Komjatice is situated in the SW Slovakia in the district of Nové Zámky, in the territory of the Nitra Region, between the cities of Nitra and Šurany. During several rescue excavations, between 1977 – 1979 a part of the La Tène settlement was explored in the site “Kňazova jama”. The exploration outcomes, as well as the required material, have not been systematically processed yet. 6 sunken pits and one cultural pit were identified. The huts represented a classical middle La Tène type settlement with two-pole construction and a bench along one of longer walls. From the features´ backfill a relatively large amount of material was obtained, especially pottery (2358 fragments in total, weighing 74.8 kg). Small items and other artefacts were found only sporadically, in the form of small iron (mostly difficult to determine) fragments, clay whorls, fragments of bracelets from sapropelite and glass, whetstones and clay weights. The pottery set contained, based on the way of production, groups of pottery produced manually and on the wheel. In all features pottery made on the wheel prevailed. As for the forms, there are mainly bowls with s-shaped profile and bowls with tapering mouth. Soft rounded profile prevails, and no single case of smoothed ornaments is represented in decoration. Alongside the bowls, more numerous occurrences were also determined for the pottery containing graphite, especially situlas and situlate pots decorated on the surface by horizontal combing. The manually made pottery was typical for its biconical and hemispherical pots and bowls with rounded or flat profile. In some cases they were decorated by plastic ornaments. Ceramic forms and types of decoration are very typical for the middle La Tène. Based on the absence of younger elements, such as oblique and metope-like combing, or painted pottery, it is impossible to confirm a longer life of any of the explored features. Bowls with slightly rounded profile and the absence of smoothed ornaments do not permit confirmation of their longer existence than the close of the LTC1. Such dating is confirmed also by the accompanying, chronologically more sensitive, material, i. e. a fragment of iron coil spring which probably corresponds to the middle La Tène scheme type of brooch, dated to the LTC1a – LTC1b – c. Moreover, the finds of two sapropelite bracelets, whose most frequent occurrence in the vicinity of Nitra can be determined between the stages LTC1 – C2 (Březinová 2005, 24). Beyond settlement contexts, also two finds of circular jewel made of glass come from the location. Both are dated within the LTC1 stage.
The pottery from four sunken houses from the settlement in Komjatice (southwestern Slovakia)
is e... more The pottery from four sunken houses from the settlement in Komjatice (southwestern Slovakia) is examined. The La Tène settlement was excavated in late 1980s. The decoration and ornamental motifs used on the pottery were analysed. Hand-made and wheel-turned pottery were examined separately. The greatest typological variability of ornament was found on the wheel-turned pottery. Incised technique dominated, mainly vertical combed decoration, while less represented was relief and stamped ornament. Significant is the presence of the so-called twig motif, while in one case a stamped decoration in the form of reversed letter “C” also occured.
The main goal of this study is to analyse and the interpretation of plants macro remains files fr... more The main goal of this study is to analyse and the interpretation of plants macro remains files from La Tène localities of southwestern Slovakia with an emphasis on the Komjatice-Kňazova jama site. The obtained results were confronted with each other, a series of different types of analyses were also applied to the researched material, especially to clarify the issue of the relationship of lower settlements to upland localities, oppids. The obtained and presented archaeobotanical findings indicate certain different trends in crop popularity depending on regions or chronological degrees. When comparing the examined set of planting species from the sample from Komjatice-Kňazova jama with the findings from other settlements, it can be stated that they represent a typical composition with not significantly difference from other sites. Also, the current findings do not indicate that the inhabitants living in fortified, highland localities have different or food strategies other than those living in lowland unfortified settlements.
Barevné verze fotografi í z tohoto článku najdete na zadní a zadní vnitřní obálce časopisu. 15 17... more Barevné verze fotografi í z tohoto článku najdete na zadní a zadní vnitřní obálce časopisu. 15 17/2015 ŽIVÁ ARCHEOLOGIE -REA TÉMA 70 LET JIØÍHO WALDHAUSERA Rekonstrukce hrobu bojovníka z Palárikova Cílem našeho pøíspìvku je poukázat na možnosti vizualizace archeologických hrobových nálezù na pøíkladu bojovnického hrobu z pohøebištì Palárikovo I. Zamìøili jsme se na získání domnìlého vzhledu pøedmìtù s ohledem na jejich souèasný špatný stav dochování èi úplnou absenci. Zároveò jsme se také pokusili o rekonstrukci hrobové jámy a samotného pohøbeného, jehož kroj není souèástí tohoto pøíspìvku.
The Celtic burial ground of “Palárikovo I” is
situated in the north-western part of the village
o... more The Celtic burial ground of “Palárikovo I” is situated in the north-western part of the village of Palárikovo, at the location of previous village of Dolné Križovany or Dolný Keresztúr. The first findings on the site are date back to 1969, when the first archaeological site inspection took place. A rescue excavations was started in 1970 and was led by B. Benadik from the SAS Institute of Archaeology. In cooperation with E. Rejholec (technician), 32 graves were excavated and documented during the first stage of excavation. In following seasons between the years 1971–1974, the number of graves rose by another 63. The excavated area was 1 ha in total, all the graves were dated to the Middle La Tène period (LT B1–C). Only eight of all the excavated graves contained standard military equipment (sword, shield, and spear). One of them was grave No. 6. The finds (especially the iron items) were not well preserved and some of them, probably due to the poor state of their preservation after discovery, are missing at the present time (sword). We were able to create an “ideal 3D reconstruction” of this warrior grave. We have processed and successfully recreated twelve items. Then we distributed them within the grave-pit space in a way they could have been laid during the burial ritual. All reconstructed elements have different degree of realism, due to variations in their documentation and also due to conditions of preservation.
The Komjatice is a well-known site in the south-west Slovakia. In 1977 - 1979 A. Točík
excavated... more The Komjatice is a well-known site in the south-west Slovakia. In 1977 - 1979 A. Točík
excavated a part of the middle-laténe settlement with seven semi-grounded huts. Results
and the material from this excavation have not been processed, yet. Except archaeological
findings (mainly pottery), a vast number of animal bones have been found which have
been processed by V. Rajtová. Botanical material has also been documented on clay daubs
as imprints, but mainly from a single sample, which was taken from interior from one of
the huts. The results from archeobotanical and archeozoological analysis with combination
of 3D visualization, has been used to create ideal reconstruction of one of the huts
with its possible economical hinterland.
The village Komjatice is situated in the SW Slovakia in the district of Nové Zámky, in the territ... more The village Komjatice is situated in the SW Slovakia in the district of Nové Zámky, in the territory of the Nitra Region, between the cities of Nitra and Šurany. During several rescue excavations, between 1977 – 1979 a part of the La Tène settlement was explored in the site “Kňazova jama”. The exploration outcomes, as well as the required material, have not been systematically processed yet. 6 sunken pits and one cultural pit were identified. The huts represented a classical middle La Tène type settlement with two-pole construction and a bench along one of longer walls. From the features´ backfill a relatively large amount of material was obtained, especially pottery (2358 fragments in total, weighing 74.8 kg). Small items and other artefacts were found only sporadically, in the form of small iron (mostly difficult to determine) fragments, clay whorls, fragments of bracelets from sapropelite and glass, whetstones and clay weights. The pottery set contained, based on the way of production, groups of pottery produced manually and on the wheel. In all features pottery made on the wheel prevailed. As for the forms, there are mainly bowls with s-shaped profile and bowls with tapering mouth. Soft rounded profile prevails, and no single case of smoothed ornaments is represented in decoration. Alongside the bowls, more numerous occurrences were also determined for the pottery containing graphite, especially situlas and situlate pots decorated on the surface by horizontal combing. The manually made pottery was typical for its biconical and hemispherical pots and bowls with rounded or flat profile. In some cases they were decorated by plastic ornaments. Ceramic forms and types of decoration are very typical for the middle La Tène. Based on the absence of younger elements, such as oblique and metope-like combing, or painted pottery, it is impossible to confirm a longer life of any of the explored features. Bowls with slightly rounded profile and the absence of smoothed ornaments do not permit confirmation of their longer existence than the close of the LTC1. Such dating is confirmed also by the accompanying, chronologically more sensitive, material, i. e. a fragment of iron coil spring which probably corresponds to the middle La Tène scheme type of brooch, dated to the LTC1a – LTC1b – c. Moreover, the finds of two sapropelite bracelets, whose most frequent occurrence in the vicinity of Nitra can be determined between the stages LTC1 – C2 (Březinová 2005, 24). Beyond settlement contexts, also two finds of circular jewel made of glass come from the location. Both are dated within the LTC1 stage.
The pottery from four sunken houses from the settlement in Komjatice (southwestern Slovakia)
is e... more The pottery from four sunken houses from the settlement in Komjatice (southwestern Slovakia) is examined. The La Tène settlement was excavated in late 1980s. The decoration and ornamental motifs used on the pottery were analysed. Hand-made and wheel-turned pottery were examined separately. The greatest typological variability of ornament was found on the wheel-turned pottery. Incised technique dominated, mainly vertical combed decoration, while less represented was relief and stamped ornament. Significant is the presence of the so-called twig motif, while in one case a stamped decoration in the form of reversed letter “C” also occured.
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Papers by Peter Horvath
southwestern Slovakia with an emphasis on the Komjatice-Kňazova jama site. The obtained results were confronted
with each other, a series of different types of analyses were also applied to the researched material, especially to clarify
the issue of the relationship of lower settlements to upland localities, oppids. The obtained and presented archaeobotanical findings indicate certain different trends in crop popularity depending on regions or chronological degrees.
When comparing the examined set of planting species from the sample from Komjatice-Kňazova jama with the findings from other settlements, it can be stated that they represent a typical composition with not significantly difference
from other sites. Also, the current findings do not indicate that the inhabitants living in fortified, highland localities
have different or food strategies other than those living in lowland unfortified settlements.
situated in the north-western part of the village
of Palárikovo, at the location of previous
village of Dolné Križovany or Dolný Keresztúr.
The first findings on the site are date back
to 1969, when the first archaeological site inspection
took place. A rescue excavations was
started in 1970 and was led by B. Benadik from
the SAS Institute of Archaeology. In cooperation
with E. Rejholec (technician), 32 graves
were excavated and documented during the
first stage of excavation. In following seasons
between the years 1971–1974, the number of
graves rose by another 63. The excavated area
was 1 ha in total, all the graves were dated to
the Middle La Tène period (LT B1–C). Only
eight of all the excavated graves contained
standard military equipment (sword, shield,
and spear). One of them was grave No. 6.
The finds (especially the iron items) were not
well preserved and some of them, probably
due to the poor state of their preservation after
discovery, are missing at the present time
(sword). We were able to create an “ideal 3D
reconstruction” of this warrior grave. We have
processed and successfully recreated twelve
items. Then we distributed them within the
grave-pit space in a way they could have been
laid during the burial ritual. All reconstructed
elements have different degree of realism, due
to variations in their documentation and also
due to conditions of preservation.
excavated a part of the middle-laténe settlement with seven semi-grounded huts. Results
and the material from this excavation have not been processed, yet. Except archaeological
findings (mainly pottery), a vast number of animal bones have been found which have
been processed by V. Rajtová. Botanical material has also been documented on clay daubs
as imprints, but mainly from a single sample, which was taken from interior from one of
the huts. The results from archeobotanical and archeozoological analysis with combination
of 3D visualization, has been used to create ideal reconstruction of one of the huts
with its possible economical hinterland.
is examined. The La Tène settlement was excavated in late 1980s. The decoration
and ornamental motifs used on the pottery were analysed. Hand-made and wheel-turned
pottery were examined separately. The greatest typological variability of ornament was found
on the wheel-turned pottery. Incised technique dominated, mainly vertical combed decoration,
while less represented was relief and stamped ornament. Significant is the presence of
the so-called twig motif, while in one case a stamped decoration in the form of reversed letter
“C” also occured.
southwestern Slovakia with an emphasis on the Komjatice-Kňazova jama site. The obtained results were confronted
with each other, a series of different types of analyses were also applied to the researched material, especially to clarify
the issue of the relationship of lower settlements to upland localities, oppids. The obtained and presented archaeobotanical findings indicate certain different trends in crop popularity depending on regions or chronological degrees.
When comparing the examined set of planting species from the sample from Komjatice-Kňazova jama with the findings from other settlements, it can be stated that they represent a typical composition with not significantly difference
from other sites. Also, the current findings do not indicate that the inhabitants living in fortified, highland localities
have different or food strategies other than those living in lowland unfortified settlements.
situated in the north-western part of the village
of Palárikovo, at the location of previous
village of Dolné Križovany or Dolný Keresztúr.
The first findings on the site are date back
to 1969, when the first archaeological site inspection
took place. A rescue excavations was
started in 1970 and was led by B. Benadik from
the SAS Institute of Archaeology. In cooperation
with E. Rejholec (technician), 32 graves
were excavated and documented during the
first stage of excavation. In following seasons
between the years 1971–1974, the number of
graves rose by another 63. The excavated area
was 1 ha in total, all the graves were dated to
the Middle La Tène period (LT B1–C). Only
eight of all the excavated graves contained
standard military equipment (sword, shield,
and spear). One of them was grave No. 6.
The finds (especially the iron items) were not
well preserved and some of them, probably
due to the poor state of their preservation after
discovery, are missing at the present time
(sword). We were able to create an “ideal 3D
reconstruction” of this warrior grave. We have
processed and successfully recreated twelve
items. Then we distributed them within the
grave-pit space in a way they could have been
laid during the burial ritual. All reconstructed
elements have different degree of realism, due
to variations in their documentation and also
due to conditions of preservation.
excavated a part of the middle-laténe settlement with seven semi-grounded huts. Results
and the material from this excavation have not been processed, yet. Except archaeological
findings (mainly pottery), a vast number of animal bones have been found which have
been processed by V. Rajtová. Botanical material has also been documented on clay daubs
as imprints, but mainly from a single sample, which was taken from interior from one of
the huts. The results from archeobotanical and archeozoological analysis with combination
of 3D visualization, has been used to create ideal reconstruction of one of the huts
with its possible economical hinterland.
is examined. The La Tène settlement was excavated in late 1980s. The decoration
and ornamental motifs used on the pottery were analysed. Hand-made and wheel-turned
pottery were examined separately. The greatest typological variability of ornament was found
on the wheel-turned pottery. Incised technique dominated, mainly vertical combed decoration,
while less represented was relief and stamped ornament. Significant is the presence of
the so-called twig motif, while in one case a stamped decoration in the form of reversed letter
“C” also occured.