Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office, Jun 22, 2018
Dataset: Swimming EnduranceRecorded swimming duration of larval Amphiprion percula, Elacatinus lo... more Dataset: Swimming EnduranceRecorded swimming duration of larval Amphiprion percula, Elacatinus lori, and Elacatinus colini measured throughout development from hatching through settlement. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/739171NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145954
Research on sociality in marine fishes is a vibrant field that is providing new insights into soc... more Research on sociality in marine fishes is a vibrant field that is providing new insights into social evolution more generally. Here, we review the past two decades of research, identifying knowledge gaps and new directions. Two coral reef fishes, with social systems similar to other cooperative breeders, have emerged as models: the clown anemonefish Amphiprion percula and the emerald goby Paragobiodon xanthosoma. In these systems, non-breeders do not forgo their own reproduction to gain indirect genetic benefits. Rather, they do so because they stand to inherit the territory in the future and there are strong ecological and social constraints. The reasons why breeders tolerate non-breeders remain obscure, though it is plausibly a combination of weak kin selection, bet-hedging, and benefits mediated via mutualistic interactions with cnidarian hosts. The latter is particularly interesting, given the parallels with other social animals with mutualistic partners, such as acacia ants. Looking beyond the two model species, our attention is turning to species with more complex social organization, such as the damselfish Dascyllus aruanus. Here, variable group stability, conflict intensity, and reproductive skew provide opportunities to test theories of social evolution that have only been tested in a few taxa. New methods like social network analysis are enabling us to uncover more subtle effects of ecology on social interactions. More recently, comparative methods have yielded insights into the correlates of interspecific variation in sociality in the genera to which our model species belong. Phylogenetically controlled contrasts within the genus Gobiodon, have revealed the role of ecology, life history traits, and their interaction in sociality: smaller bodied species are more social than larger bodied species, which are only social on large corals. As climate change affects coral reefs, there is a pressing need to understand the many ways in which environmental disturbance influences these unique social systems. In sum, coral reef fishes have enabled us to test the robustness of current theories of social evolution in new taxa and environments, and they have generated new insights into social evolution that are applicable to a wider variety of taxa.
Dataset: Persistence of Elacatinus lori settlers on sponge habitatPersistence of E. lori settlers... more Dataset: Persistence of Elacatinus lori settlers on sponge habitatPersistence of E. lori settlers on sponge habitat in South Water Caye, Belize during 2015. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/728458NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145954
Many animal societies have dominance hierarchies in which social rank is correlated with size. In... more Many animal societies have dominance hierarchies in which social rank is correlated with size. In such societies, the growth and size of individuals can be a strategic response to their social environment: in fishes, individuals may decrease their growth rate to remain small and retain a subordinate position; in mammals, individuals may increase their growth rate to become large and attain a dominant position-a strategy called competitive growth. Here, we investigate whether the clown anemonefish, Amphiprion percula, exhibits competitive growth also. We show that juvenile clownfish paired with a size-matched reproductive rival increase their growth rate and size relative to solitary controls. Remarkably, paired individuals achieved this, despite being provided with the same amount of food as solitary controls. Our results demonstrate that clownfish are able to increase their growth rate in response to social competition. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that the growth of social vertebrates can be a fine-tuned plastic response to their social environment.
A central issue in evolutionary ecology is how patterns of dispersal influence patterns of relate... more A central issue in evolutionary ecology is how patterns of dispersal influence patterns of relatedness in populations. In terrestrial organisms, limited dispersal of offspring leads to groups of related individuals. In contrast, for most marine organisms, larval dispersal in open waters is thought to minimise kin associations within populations. However, recent molecular evidence and theoretical approaches have shown that limited dispersal, sibling cohesion, and/or differential reproductive success can lead to kin-association and elevated relatedness. Here, we tested the hypothesis that limited dispersal explains small-scale patterns of relatedness in the pajama cardinalfish Sphaeramia nematoptera. We used 19 microsatellite markers to assess parentage of 233 juveniles and pairwise relatedness among 527 individuals from 41 groups in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea. Our findings support three predictions of the limited dispersal hypothesis: 1) Elevated relatedness within groups, compared to among groups, and elevated relatedness within reefs compared to among reefs; 2) A weak negative correlation of relatedness with distance; 3) More juveniles than would be expected by chance in the same group and the same reef as their parents. We provide the first example for natal philopatry at the group level causing small-scale patterns of genetic relatedness in a marine fish.
Dataset: Elacatinus lori habitat preferencesPreferences of E. Lori settlers on sponge habitat in ... more Dataset: Elacatinus lori habitat preferencesPreferences of E. Lori settlers on sponge habitat in South Water Caye, Belize during 2011 and 2017. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/728444NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145954
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Jul 5, 2023
Corals are critical to marine biodiversity. Reproduction and dispersal are key to their resilienc... more Corals are critical to marine biodiversity. Reproduction and dispersal are key to their resilience, but rarely quantified in nature. Exploiting a unique system—a fully censused, longitudinally characterized, semi-isolated population inhabiting mangroves—we used 2bRAD sequencing to demonstrate that rampant asexual reproduction most likely via parthenogenesis and limited dispersal enable the persistence of a natural population of thin-finger coral ( Porites divaricata ). Unlike previous studies on coral dispersal, knowledge of colony age and location enabled us to identify plausible parent–offspring relationships within multiple clonal lineages and develop tightly constrained estimates of larval dispersal; the best-fitting model indicates dispersal is largely limited to a few metres from parent colonies. Our results explain why this species is adept at colonizing mangroves but suggest limited genetic diversity in mangrove populations and limited connectivity between mangroves and nearby reefs. As P. divaricata is gonochoristic, and parthenogenesis would be restricted to females (whereas fragmentation, which is presumably common in reef and seagrass habitats, is not), mangrove populations likely exhibit skewed sex ratios. These findings suggest that coral reproductive diversity can lead to distinctly different demographic outcomes in different habitats. Thus, coral conservation will require the protection of the entire coral habitat mosaic, and not just reefs.
Characterizing spatial patterns of occurrence can lend insight into the ecological processes that... more Characterizing spatial patterns of occurrence can lend insight into the ecological processes that determine how individuals are distributed within their environment. When microhabitat specialist fishes and their invertebrate hosts are co-distributed, disentangling their respective spatial patterns is a complex problem. Here, we use point pattern analysis (PPA) to examine the spatial distributions of a host sponge Aplysina fistularis and its resident goby Elacatinus lori from a fully censused plot at Curlew Cay, Belize (16°47′23″N 88°04′33″), sampled in summer 2011. The PPA approach allowed us to disentangle the spatial distribution of sponges and the spatial distribution of goby-occupied sponges. After controlling for depth and the distribution of hard substrate, we found that the sponges were clustered at small scales (< 4.5 m) within the censused area. After controlling for sponge clustering, we found that goby-occupied sponges were neither clustered nor over-dispersed within the censused area. Two fish age classes, recent settlers and established residents, were closely associated at small scales (< 3.5 m). We discuss alternative ecological and behavioral hypotheses for the cause of these spatial patterns. Despite the limited application of PPA in marine ecology, we demonstrate the potential use of this statistical analysis in disentangling the spatial structure of co-distributed populations and providing preliminary insights into the processes that may account for their respective distributions.
Asymmetries in power (the ability to influence the outcome of conflict) are ubiquitous in social ... more Asymmetries in power (the ability to influence the outcome of conflict) are ubiquitous in social interactions because interacting individuals are rarely identical. It is well documented that asymmetries in power influence the outcome of reproductive conflict in social groups. Yet power asymmetries have received little attention in the context of negotiations between caring parents, which is surprising given that parents are often markedly different in size. Here we built on an existing negotiation model to examine how power and punishment influence negotiations over care. We incorporated power asymmetry by allowing the more-powerful parent, rank 1, to inflict punishment on the less-powerful parent, rank 2. We then determined when punishment will be favored by selection and how it would affect the negotiated behavioral response of each parent. We found that with power and punishment, a reduction in one parent's effort results in partial compensation by the other parent. However, the degree of compensation is asymmetric: the rank 2 compensates more than the rank 1. As a result, the fitness of rank 1 increases and the fitness of rank 2 decreases, relative to the original negotiation model. Furthermore, because power and punishment enable one parent to extract greater effort from the other, offspring can do better, that is, receive more total effort, when there is power and punishment involved in negotiations over care. These results reveal how power and punishment alter the outcome of conflict between parents and affect offspring, providing insights into the evolutionary consequences of exerting power in negotiations.
Characterizing individual variation in parental care is critical to understanding how selection s... more Characterizing individual variation in parental care is critical to understanding how selection shapes and maintains patterns of care, yet little is known about how individual parents vary in their responses to the environment. Reaction norms, functions that describe how phenotypes change across an environmental gradient, provide an elegant framework for studying individual variation in behavioural responses. We use a reaction norm approach to investigate how studying plasticity, which describes variation within an individual through time, and personality, which describes repeatable variation among individuals, together explain individual variation in the parental behaviour of the anemonefish Amphiprion percula. More specifically, we test how resource availability influences individual parental responses to the environment and discuss the consequences for our understanding of plasticity and personality in parental care. Breeding pairs of A. percula were fed either a high or a low food ration and their parental behaviours were monitored. Individuals exhibited plasticity in parental behaviour across the two resource environments. Furthermore, individuals were repeatable in their behaviour through time, as evidenced by significant among-individual variation in intercept. Finally, the slope and elevation of individual reaction norms varied, revealing a level of variation not captured at the population level and providing insight into the potential mechanisms generating individual variation.
Kin selection plays an important role in the evolution of social behaviour in terrestrial systems... more Kin selection plays an important role in the evolution of social behaviour in terrestrial systems. The extent to which kin selection influences the evolution of social behaviour in marine systems is largely unexplored. Generally, it is considered that kin selection is irrelevant in marine systems, because it is assumed that the dispersing larval phase of marine organisms will break up kin associations. Here, we challenge this assumption and investigate the opportunity for kin selection in a coral reef fish: the humbug damselfish Dascyllus aruanus. This fish lives in groups composed of a large male and a number of smaller females and nonbreeders. We use 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci to assess the relatedness of 265 individuals from 35 groups. The mean coefficient of relatedness among group members is 0.01 ± 0.04, suggesting that individuals are not associated with close relatives. However, the distribution of pairwise relatedness of individuals within groups has an overabundance of positive values, and indicates that there might be 35 pairs of close relatives within groups. Further analyses reveal that close relatives likely are similar in size and small in size, suggesting that they might have recruited together. We conclude that it is possible for kin selection to operate in D. aruanus, but kin recognition will be a prerequisite for such selection. This study reveals that individuals can be associated with close relatives, and there is a hidden potential for kin selection, during certain parts of the life cycle of coral reef fishes.
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office, Jun 18, 2018
Dataset: Goby genotypesCytochrome b and radloci genotype identification data from fish sampled in... more Dataset: Goby genotypesCytochrome b and radloci genotype identification data from fish sampled in the Belizean Barrier Reef in 2014. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/738714NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-126042
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office, Jun 22, 2018
Dataset: Aquaculture treatmentsDetermining the effects of prey combination on larval Elacatinus c... more Dataset: Aquaculture treatmentsDetermining the effects of prey combination on larval Elacatinus colini standard length and survival. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/739162NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145954
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office, Jun 22, 2018
Dataset: Critical swimming speedRecorded critical swimming speed of larval Amphiprion percula, El... more Dataset: Critical swimming speedRecorded critical swimming speed of larval Amphiprion percula, Elacatinus lori, and Elacatinus colini measured throughout development from hatching through settlement. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/739149NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145954
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office, Jun 22, 2018
Dataset: Swimming EnduranceRecorded swimming duration of larval Amphiprion percula, Elacatinus lo... more Dataset: Swimming EnduranceRecorded swimming duration of larval Amphiprion percula, Elacatinus lori, and Elacatinus colini measured throughout development from hatching through settlement. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/739171NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145954
Research on sociality in marine fishes is a vibrant field that is providing new insights into soc... more Research on sociality in marine fishes is a vibrant field that is providing new insights into social evolution more generally. Here, we review the past two decades of research, identifying knowledge gaps and new directions. Two coral reef fishes, with social systems similar to other cooperative breeders, have emerged as models: the clown anemonefish Amphiprion percula and the emerald goby Paragobiodon xanthosoma. In these systems, non-breeders do not forgo their own reproduction to gain indirect genetic benefits. Rather, they do so because they stand to inherit the territory in the future and there are strong ecological and social constraints. The reasons why breeders tolerate non-breeders remain obscure, though it is plausibly a combination of weak kin selection, bet-hedging, and benefits mediated via mutualistic interactions with cnidarian hosts. The latter is particularly interesting, given the parallels with other social animals with mutualistic partners, such as acacia ants. Looking beyond the two model species, our attention is turning to species with more complex social organization, such as the damselfish Dascyllus aruanus. Here, variable group stability, conflict intensity, and reproductive skew provide opportunities to test theories of social evolution that have only been tested in a few taxa. New methods like social network analysis are enabling us to uncover more subtle effects of ecology on social interactions. More recently, comparative methods have yielded insights into the correlates of interspecific variation in sociality in the genera to which our model species belong. Phylogenetically controlled contrasts within the genus Gobiodon, have revealed the role of ecology, life history traits, and their interaction in sociality: smaller bodied species are more social than larger bodied species, which are only social on large corals. As climate change affects coral reefs, there is a pressing need to understand the many ways in which environmental disturbance influences these unique social systems. In sum, coral reef fishes have enabled us to test the robustness of current theories of social evolution in new taxa and environments, and they have generated new insights into social evolution that are applicable to a wider variety of taxa.
Dataset: Persistence of Elacatinus lori settlers on sponge habitatPersistence of E. lori settlers... more Dataset: Persistence of Elacatinus lori settlers on sponge habitatPersistence of E. lori settlers on sponge habitat in South Water Caye, Belize during 2015. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/728458NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145954
Many animal societies have dominance hierarchies in which social rank is correlated with size. In... more Many animal societies have dominance hierarchies in which social rank is correlated with size. In such societies, the growth and size of individuals can be a strategic response to their social environment: in fishes, individuals may decrease their growth rate to remain small and retain a subordinate position; in mammals, individuals may increase their growth rate to become large and attain a dominant position-a strategy called competitive growth. Here, we investigate whether the clown anemonefish, Amphiprion percula, exhibits competitive growth also. We show that juvenile clownfish paired with a size-matched reproductive rival increase their growth rate and size relative to solitary controls. Remarkably, paired individuals achieved this, despite being provided with the same amount of food as solitary controls. Our results demonstrate that clownfish are able to increase their growth rate in response to social competition. This study adds to the growing body of evidence that the growth of social vertebrates can be a fine-tuned plastic response to their social environment.
A central issue in evolutionary ecology is how patterns of dispersal influence patterns of relate... more A central issue in evolutionary ecology is how patterns of dispersal influence patterns of relatedness in populations. In terrestrial organisms, limited dispersal of offspring leads to groups of related individuals. In contrast, for most marine organisms, larval dispersal in open waters is thought to minimise kin associations within populations. However, recent molecular evidence and theoretical approaches have shown that limited dispersal, sibling cohesion, and/or differential reproductive success can lead to kin-association and elevated relatedness. Here, we tested the hypothesis that limited dispersal explains small-scale patterns of relatedness in the pajama cardinalfish Sphaeramia nematoptera. We used 19 microsatellite markers to assess parentage of 233 juveniles and pairwise relatedness among 527 individuals from 41 groups in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea. Our findings support three predictions of the limited dispersal hypothesis: 1) Elevated relatedness within groups, compared to among groups, and elevated relatedness within reefs compared to among reefs; 2) A weak negative correlation of relatedness with distance; 3) More juveniles than would be expected by chance in the same group and the same reef as their parents. We provide the first example for natal philopatry at the group level causing small-scale patterns of genetic relatedness in a marine fish.
Dataset: Elacatinus lori habitat preferencesPreferences of E. Lori settlers on sponge habitat in ... more Dataset: Elacatinus lori habitat preferencesPreferences of E. Lori settlers on sponge habitat in South Water Caye, Belize during 2011 and 2017. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/728444NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145954
Proceedings of The Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Jul 5, 2023
Corals are critical to marine biodiversity. Reproduction and dispersal are key to their resilienc... more Corals are critical to marine biodiversity. Reproduction and dispersal are key to their resilience, but rarely quantified in nature. Exploiting a unique system—a fully censused, longitudinally characterized, semi-isolated population inhabiting mangroves—we used 2bRAD sequencing to demonstrate that rampant asexual reproduction most likely via parthenogenesis and limited dispersal enable the persistence of a natural population of thin-finger coral ( Porites divaricata ). Unlike previous studies on coral dispersal, knowledge of colony age and location enabled us to identify plausible parent–offspring relationships within multiple clonal lineages and develop tightly constrained estimates of larval dispersal; the best-fitting model indicates dispersal is largely limited to a few metres from parent colonies. Our results explain why this species is adept at colonizing mangroves but suggest limited genetic diversity in mangrove populations and limited connectivity between mangroves and nearby reefs. As P. divaricata is gonochoristic, and parthenogenesis would be restricted to females (whereas fragmentation, which is presumably common in reef and seagrass habitats, is not), mangrove populations likely exhibit skewed sex ratios. These findings suggest that coral reproductive diversity can lead to distinctly different demographic outcomes in different habitats. Thus, coral conservation will require the protection of the entire coral habitat mosaic, and not just reefs.
Characterizing spatial patterns of occurrence can lend insight into the ecological processes that... more Characterizing spatial patterns of occurrence can lend insight into the ecological processes that determine how individuals are distributed within their environment. When microhabitat specialist fishes and their invertebrate hosts are co-distributed, disentangling their respective spatial patterns is a complex problem. Here, we use point pattern analysis (PPA) to examine the spatial distributions of a host sponge Aplysina fistularis and its resident goby Elacatinus lori from a fully censused plot at Curlew Cay, Belize (16°47′23″N 88°04′33″), sampled in summer 2011. The PPA approach allowed us to disentangle the spatial distribution of sponges and the spatial distribution of goby-occupied sponges. After controlling for depth and the distribution of hard substrate, we found that the sponges were clustered at small scales (< 4.5 m) within the censused area. After controlling for sponge clustering, we found that goby-occupied sponges were neither clustered nor over-dispersed within the censused area. Two fish age classes, recent settlers and established residents, were closely associated at small scales (< 3.5 m). We discuss alternative ecological and behavioral hypotheses for the cause of these spatial patterns. Despite the limited application of PPA in marine ecology, we demonstrate the potential use of this statistical analysis in disentangling the spatial structure of co-distributed populations and providing preliminary insights into the processes that may account for their respective distributions.
Asymmetries in power (the ability to influence the outcome of conflict) are ubiquitous in social ... more Asymmetries in power (the ability to influence the outcome of conflict) are ubiquitous in social interactions because interacting individuals are rarely identical. It is well documented that asymmetries in power influence the outcome of reproductive conflict in social groups. Yet power asymmetries have received little attention in the context of negotiations between caring parents, which is surprising given that parents are often markedly different in size. Here we built on an existing negotiation model to examine how power and punishment influence negotiations over care. We incorporated power asymmetry by allowing the more-powerful parent, rank 1, to inflict punishment on the less-powerful parent, rank 2. We then determined when punishment will be favored by selection and how it would affect the negotiated behavioral response of each parent. We found that with power and punishment, a reduction in one parent's effort results in partial compensation by the other parent. However, the degree of compensation is asymmetric: the rank 2 compensates more than the rank 1. As a result, the fitness of rank 1 increases and the fitness of rank 2 decreases, relative to the original negotiation model. Furthermore, because power and punishment enable one parent to extract greater effort from the other, offspring can do better, that is, receive more total effort, when there is power and punishment involved in negotiations over care. These results reveal how power and punishment alter the outcome of conflict between parents and affect offspring, providing insights into the evolutionary consequences of exerting power in negotiations.
Characterizing individual variation in parental care is critical to understanding how selection s... more Characterizing individual variation in parental care is critical to understanding how selection shapes and maintains patterns of care, yet little is known about how individual parents vary in their responses to the environment. Reaction norms, functions that describe how phenotypes change across an environmental gradient, provide an elegant framework for studying individual variation in behavioural responses. We use a reaction norm approach to investigate how studying plasticity, which describes variation within an individual through time, and personality, which describes repeatable variation among individuals, together explain individual variation in the parental behaviour of the anemonefish Amphiprion percula. More specifically, we test how resource availability influences individual parental responses to the environment and discuss the consequences for our understanding of plasticity and personality in parental care. Breeding pairs of A. percula were fed either a high or a low food ration and their parental behaviours were monitored. Individuals exhibited plasticity in parental behaviour across the two resource environments. Furthermore, individuals were repeatable in their behaviour through time, as evidenced by significant among-individual variation in intercept. Finally, the slope and elevation of individual reaction norms varied, revealing a level of variation not captured at the population level and providing insight into the potential mechanisms generating individual variation.
Kin selection plays an important role in the evolution of social behaviour in terrestrial systems... more Kin selection plays an important role in the evolution of social behaviour in terrestrial systems. The extent to which kin selection influences the evolution of social behaviour in marine systems is largely unexplored. Generally, it is considered that kin selection is irrelevant in marine systems, because it is assumed that the dispersing larval phase of marine organisms will break up kin associations. Here, we challenge this assumption and investigate the opportunity for kin selection in a coral reef fish: the humbug damselfish Dascyllus aruanus. This fish lives in groups composed of a large male and a number of smaller females and nonbreeders. We use 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci to assess the relatedness of 265 individuals from 35 groups. The mean coefficient of relatedness among group members is 0.01 ± 0.04, suggesting that individuals are not associated with close relatives. However, the distribution of pairwise relatedness of individuals within groups has an overabundance of positive values, and indicates that there might be 35 pairs of close relatives within groups. Further analyses reveal that close relatives likely are similar in size and small in size, suggesting that they might have recruited together. We conclude that it is possible for kin selection to operate in D. aruanus, but kin recognition will be a prerequisite for such selection. This study reveals that individuals can be associated with close relatives, and there is a hidden potential for kin selection, during certain parts of the life cycle of coral reef fishes.
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office, Jun 18, 2018
Dataset: Goby genotypesCytochrome b and radloci genotype identification data from fish sampled in... more Dataset: Goby genotypesCytochrome b and radloci genotype identification data from fish sampled in the Belizean Barrier Reef in 2014. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/738714NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-126042
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office, Jun 22, 2018
Dataset: Aquaculture treatmentsDetermining the effects of prey combination on larval Elacatinus c... more Dataset: Aquaculture treatmentsDetermining the effects of prey combination on larval Elacatinus colini standard length and survival. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/739162NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145954
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office, Jun 22, 2018
Dataset: Critical swimming speedRecorded critical swimming speed of larval Amphiprion percula, El... more Dataset: Critical swimming speedRecorded critical swimming speed of larval Amphiprion percula, Elacatinus lori, and Elacatinus colini measured throughout development from hatching through settlement. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/739149NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-145954
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