Videos by Dr. Ir. Pawenary, M.T., MPM.
Belajar mengetahui dan menggunakan 4K ( Komando, Koordinasi, Konsultasi, dan Komunikasi ) dengan ... more Belajar mengetahui dan menggunakan 4K ( Komando, Koordinasi, Konsultasi, dan Komunikasi ) dengan baik dan benar.
Ilmu Soft skill agar lulusan Teknik bisa berbicara dan berkomunikasi dengan baik. Papers by Dr. Ir. Pawenary, M.T., MPM.
Journal Electrical Systems, 2024
Increasing the reliability of the electricity system is very important in maintaining a stable an... more Increasing the reliability of the electricity system is very important in maintaining a stable and guaranteed electricity supply. One important factor in the electrical protection system is the setting of over current relay (OCR) and directional ground relay (DGR) settings. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the performance of the OCR and DGR protection settings on the New Pandaan Tristex Substation using DIgSILENT software. The method used in this research is modeling and simulation using DIgSILENT software. Relevant data and electrical system parameters are obtained from reliable sources. OCR and DGR protection settings are evaluated by considering protection needs through simulation analysis of fault conditions and normal operation. Tristex feeder is one of the feeder in GI New Pandaan with a total length of 2.415 km. The calculation results for the OCR setting on the incoming 20 kV side obtained for the TMS value = 0.20 while for the OCR setting on the 20 kV feeder side obtained the TMS value = 0.15. Then for the DGR setting on the incoming 20 kV side, the TMS value = 0.26 is obtained, while for the DGR setting on the 20 kV feeder side, the TMS value = 0.10 is obtained..
Evaluation Electrical System of Mini Plant Waste Energy on Institut Teknologi PLN
2023 International Conference on Converging Technology in Electrical and Information Engineering (ICCTEIE), 2023
Waste is a problem in almost every region, especially related to how the processing of waste can ... more Waste is a problem in almost every region, especially related to how the processing of waste can be converted into other forms as a form of energy that can be utilized, one of which is waste processing by pyrolysis is one of the technologies to convert waste into useful energy or fuel. At this time waste processing requires waste processing machines ranging from organic and un-organic waste shredding machines, briquette processing machines, pellets, using star-delta 3-phase motors, generally still conventional/manually. Current research, the author began to develop a waste and flue gas particle handling machine, a non-incinerator pyrolysis machine with the wet method, a high efficiency cyclone system which originally used a machine manually/ conventionally, replaced with a Delta series Star - Delta series with interlock and interface) automatically. Garbage processing The machine in addition to aiming to reduce waste waste, the machine must be made automatically and friendly to the operator who runs it.
The Migration Study of 2 x 400 MW Steam Power Plant from a 500 kV Bus to a 150 kV Bus
2024 IEEE 4th International Conference in Power Engineering Applications (ICPEA), 2024
The number of high power users operating in the subsystem will rise in line with economic expansi... more The number of high power users operating in the subsystem will rise in line with economic expansion, which will result in overloading conditions on the inter bus transformers (IBT). To overcome the overload condition of 500 kV/150 kV (IBT) in the X area due to load forecasting, 2×400 MW power plant is planned to be moved from 500 kV bus into 150 kV bus. This research aims to analyze the power flow and short circuit study before and after the migration is implemented. The method used in this research is a simulation using ETAP software. From the results of the power flow study, it can be concluded that the migration of 2 units of power plant can reduce the load on IBT 1 and IBT 2 both under normal conditions and during contingency in one of IBTs. In addition, it also increases the bus voltage profile, reducing losses in the 150 kV sub-system area. From the results of the short circuit study, migrating 2×400 MW power plant units, is safe in terms of equipment durability.
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy , 2023
The net-zero scenario by 2050 (NZE) is a normative scenario that sets the stage for the global en... more The net-zero scenario by 2050 (NZE) is a normative scenario that sets the stage for the global energy sector to reach net-zero emissions by 2050. This research aims to explore nuclear energy generation as a potential technological change in a future power generation base load, the factors that are affected and the effects on economic growth, FDI inflow, and CO 2 emission in developed and developing countries in the Asia Pacific. The empirical analysis uses time-series data of nuclear energy generation, fossil fuel price, energy mix generation, economic growth, FDI inflow, and CO 2 emission in the period 2001-2021. The inferential statistical method used to analyse in this research is a component-based using SmartPLS 3.2.9. This research find that Fossil fuel prices have no significant positive effect on nuclear energy generation in developed countries, and the opposite in developing countries, while a negative not significant effect on CO 2 emission in both developed and developing countries, with a positive significant effect on economic growth in developed countries and the opposite in developing countries, with a negative significant effect on FDI inflow in developed countries and the opposite in developing countries, with a negative not significant effect on energy mix generation in developed countries and the opposite in developing countries. Nuclear energy generation has a negative not significant effect on energy mix generation in developed countries and the opposite in developing countries, with a negative not significant effect on economic growth in developed countries and the opposite in developing countries, with a positive not significant effect on FDI inflow in developed countries and the opposite in developing countries, with a positive significant effect on CO 2 emission in developed countries and the opposite in developing countries. The energy mix generation find has a negative significant effect on economic growth in developed countries and the opposite in developing countries, with a positive significant effect on FDI Inflow and CO 2 emission in both developed and developing countries. Economic growth has a negative not significant effect on CO 2 emission in both developed and developing countries. FDI inflow has a negative significant effect on CO 2 emission in developed countries and the opposite in developing countries.
SINERGI, 2023
The focus of Indonesia's G20 Presidency lies on three main pillars, one of them is transition to ... more The focus of Indonesia's G20 Presidency lies on three main pillars, one of them is transition to sustainable energy. The development of these conditions forced State Electricity Company in Indonesia (PLN) to innovate by participating in implementing the latest digitalization technology in distribution electrical energy to customers, one way to do this is by implementing the smart grid concept, which is digital substation technology, is considered capable to response the challenges of digitizing the electricity system in the energy distribution sector. Digital substation technology in Indonesia is still in development stage and there are only six pilot projects in scattered locations, hence in-depth research is needed regarding equipment requirements and the amount of investment needed by PLN to build digital substations, especially the plan for implementing digital substations in Sulawesi. One of methods for developing digital substations in Indonesia is upgrading conventional into digital substation. Research is conducted by studying and observing the existing digital substation in Indonesia. Afterwards in this paper will be explained how to upgrade and what materials, or equipment that must be equipped to upgrading conventional substations. Then, what is the actual value of the investment needed by PLN to build or upgrading into a digital substation in Indonesia, especially in Sulawesi. Furthermore, whether the upgrading plans can be declared financially feasible. The most significant advantages of digital substation compared to conventional substation are reducing the most use of hardwire copper cables for control cables by replacing the use of optical cables. Not only savings in construction costs for the procurement, installation and transportation of cable materials because the amount is much less and is replaced by the use of optical cables, but also construction time savings for laying, wiring and cable termination. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license
SINERGI, 2023
The focus of Indonesia's G20 Presidency lies on three main pillars, one of them is transition to ... more The focus of Indonesia's G20 Presidency lies on three main pillars, one of them is transition to sustainable energy. The development of these conditions forced State Electricity Company in Indonesia (PLN) to innovate by participating in implementing the latest digitalization technology in distribution electrical energy to customers, one way to do this is by implementing the smart grid concept, which is digital substation technology, is considered capable to response the challenges of digitizing the electricity system in the energy distribution sector. Digital substation technology in Indonesia is still in development stage and there are only six pilot projects in scattered locations, hence in-depth research is needed regarding equipment requirements and the amount of investment needed by PLN to build digital substations, especially the plan for implementing digital substations in Sulawesi. One of methods for developing digital substations in Indonesia is upgrading conventional into digital substation. Research is conducted by studying and observing the existing digital substation in Indonesia. Afterwards in this paper will be explained how to upgrade and what materials, or equipment that must be equipped to upgrading conventional substations. Then, what is the actual value of the investment needed by PLN to build or upgrading into a digital substation in Indonesia, especially in Sulawesi. Furthermore, whether the upgrading plans can be declared financially feasible. The most significant advantages of digital substation compared to conventional substation are reducing the most use of hardwire copper cables for control cables by replacing the use of optical cables. Not only savings in construction costs for the procurement, installation and transportation of cable materials because the amount is much less and is replaced by the use of optical cables, but also construction time savings for laying, wiring and cable termination. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA license
AIP Publishing, 2023
This study aims to know the comparison design of electric motorcycle using hybrid systems (BLDC M... more This study aims to know the comparison design of electric motorcycle using hybrid systems (BLDC Motor) based on parameter testing, i.e., with and without load. The design of electric motorcycles is centered on determining a feasibility study comparing engine drive with electric drive. Electric vehicles are the answer to decreasing petroleum supplies and environmental concerns that are worsening every year due to oil-fueled cars' exhaust emissions. The proportion of motor vehicle exhaust as an air pollution source is between 60 and 70 percent. The global decrease of fossil fuels is also a critical issue that has yet to be handled. A descriptive statistic methodology was employed in this work as an analytical tool. The results showed when the speed increases, the efficiency of the BLDC motor would increase; this is, of course, following the principle of Orsted's law and Lorentz force. When compared to the no-load test, the efficiency by using the load will be greater because when the BLDC motor works with a load, it will require greater torque due to an increase in load so that it takes a large amount of power so that it will increase the efficiency of the BLDC motor. When compared in terms of using the battery, the time of using the battery with no load will be longer because it does not require too much current.
Jurnal Teknologi Elektro, 2022
Perencanaan PLTS di Graha YPK PLN dibutuhkan sebagai sistem backup atau pengganti untuk mengurang... more Perencanaan PLTS di Graha YPK PLN dibutuhkan sebagai sistem backup atau pengganti untuk mengurangi penggunaan listrik konvensional. Sistem On Grid merupakan sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya yang tidak terhubung dengan jaringan listrik PLN. Sistem On Grid ini disebut juga dengan sistem pembantu dikarenakan PLTS masih membutuhkan supply dari PLN dengan menggunakan modul surya sebagai penghasil energi listrik sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang diperlukan. Perencanaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya 52 m2 sistem On Grid dengan komponen PLTS berupa 24 modul dipasang dengan panel surya 450 Wp, 1 buah Inverter berkapasitas 15330 Watt, Radiasi matahari untuk tahun 2021 rata-rata yaitu 4,67. Biaya energi PLTS Graha YPK PLN 52 m2 adalah Rp. 1.444,70/kWh dengan impor sebesar 9.240.4 kWh/Bulan dan eksport sebesar 1380,61 kWh/Bulan. Dengan perhitungan ekonomi, total biaya investasi pada perencanaan ini sebesar Rp. 257.105.000 dengan waktu pengembalian investasi selama 16 tahun.
Nature Environment & Pollution Technology, 2023
The pellets of waste produced by Society Electric [Listrik Kerakyatan (LK) 2] at the STT-PLN have... more The pellets of waste produced by Society Electric [Listrik Kerakyatan (LK) 2] at the STT-PLN have not been efficiently utilized in terms of energy. The STT-PLN canteen consists of 14 stalls with an installed electricity capacity of 1300 VA, each with 12h of use/day. This study aimed to convert LK 2 waste pellets into electrical energy to supply electricity to the STT-PLN canteen. This research method uses quantitative methods, i.e., by calculating the amount of energy produced adjusted to the needs of the canteen. Gasification technology was chosen due to its high efficiency and lower emission impacts in the waste combustion technique. Based on the analysis, the gasifier engine that complies with this requirement was TG30-1 with a maximum capacity of 25 kVA and requires a flow rate of 10 kg.h-1 of waste pellets. The amount of waste pellets used for this plan was 120 kg.day-1. The assessment results of this plan indicated a net present value of IDR 302,218,609.33, an internal rate of return of 25.7983%, and a PBP of 5.66 years. Based on the economic analysis, the establishment of plants for the conversion of waste to power was declared feasible to operate.
International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer and Information Technology, 2022
Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration (FLISR) is one of the Distribution Automation ... more Fault Location, Isolation, and Service Restoration (FLISR) is one of the Distribution Automation (DA) tools that optimize operators to identify faults and power switch automation. It aims to mitigate the number of customers interrupted by the outage. The implementation of FLISR generates a distribution automation system that coordinates the operation of tools, software, and special communication network. It automatically locates faults and quickly reconfigures power flow to reduce the outage duration and the numbers of customers interrupted by the outage. FLISR depends on rerouting ability. Thus, it needs data associated with accurate network configuration, real-time network operation mode, optimization algorithm in restoration system, and environment to enable remote switching. In accordance with Standard guidelines for electricity distribution, the reliability index is used as the standard to examine the service quality of electrical distribution. Two parameters used in the evaluation of FLISR operation are the number of customers interrupted (CI) and customer minutes of interruption (CMI). Both parameters are equation components used to calculate SAIFI and SAIDI. FLISR cannot prevent outages but can mitigate the impact of faults on customers.
Universitas Andalas, 2021
PT. Sparta Guna Sentosa merupakan perusahaan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang man... more PT. Sparta Guna Sentosa merupakan perusahaan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang manufaktur. Setiap komponen yang diproduksi pada umumnya melalui proses permesinan. Mesin Miyano 001 merupakan salah satu mesin yang memegang peranan penting dalam aktivitas produksi, maka mesin tersebut harus senantiasa berada dalam kondisi baik dan memiliki efektivitas yang tinggi. Efektivitas mesin dapat
diketahui dengan mengukur nilai Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) dari mesin tersebut. Terdapat tiga faktor utama dalam pengukuran OEE, yaitu availability rate, performance rate, dan quality rate. Nilai standar dari ketiga faktor tersebut berturut-turut adalah 90%, 95%, dan 99%. Sedangkan untuk standar global dari nilai OEE adalah 85%. Berdasarkan nilai dari masing-masing faktor tersebut maka diperoleh nilai atau persentase dari OEE. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa
nilai OEE pada mesin Miyano 001 yang paling rendah yaitu terjadi pada bulan November yaitu sebesar 55,82%. Faktor yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap rendahnya nilai OEE pada mesin Miyano 001 adalah nilai performancenya. Faktor penyebab rendahnya nilai OEE dikelompokkan dalam beberapa parameter yaitu manusia, mesin, material, dan material.
Universitas Andalas, 2021
The increasing development of the industry makes every industry have to compete with other compet... more The increasing development of the industry makes every industry have to compete with other competitors to gain an edge. The advantages of competition are influenced by several factors, one of which is good human resource management. Where if a company has good human resources, it will increase profits indirectly and can increase productivity. This research discusses case studies about the potential dangers of IKM Heppy Bakery's potential dangers that can harm workers in bread production. The method used is Failure Mode And Effect Analysis (FMEA). Later, the data will be filled and given a rating distinguished into three parts: severity, occurrence, and detection. The data were obtained through questionnaires given to 3 workers at IKM Heppy Bakery and filled in rating values based on the provisions that have been given to the questionnaire. This Value helps determine the Risk Priority Number (RPN) obtained from multiplication between severity, occurrence, and detection. After processing the RPN multiplication data, the highest RPN value was obtained by 193 with the danger factor of the operator overheating and dehydrating due to high temperatures. Furthermore, the calculation of critical Value was obtained by 109. Based on the critical Value obtained seven hazard factors above the critical value, these seven hazard factors need to be improved so that workers do not avoid accidents when conducting the production process.
Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management , 2023
As the demand for electricity increases, so does the demand for fossil fuels for power generation... more As the demand for electricity increases, so does the demand for fossil fuels for power generation, leading to a reduction in the current reserves of fossil fuels, which are also becoming more expensive. Utilizing renewable energy sources, one of which is solar energy can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative energy source. A grid-connected rooftop solar power plant can reduce the amount of your monthly electricity bill, thereby increasing efficiency. Based on the author's findings on the rooftop PLTS at Graha YPK PLN with a capacity of 10.8 kWp using solar panels with a capacity of 450 Wp as many as 24 panels and one inverter of 15.330 W, two factors cause the results of the energy produced by PLTS to be inconsistent, the first is internal factors for example from solar modules, inverters, and distribution panels. The second is external factors, namely weather, shading, and Ambient Air Temperature. The results of the maintenance that has been carried out can be concluded that the maintenance carried out is successful. so that the maintenance activities carried out can be carried out again in the next maintenance. For this reason, this maintenance activity can help reduce or overcome problems on the panel such as the panel not working effectively due to the presence of dust attached and even stubborn dirt and so on that cannot be washed away by rainwater.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018
The palm oil industry contributes to produce Green House Gases (GHG) from the land conversion sec... more The palm oil industry contributes to produce Green House Gases (GHG) from the land conversion sector, energy use, industrial processes and residual waste from palm oil production. Energy is one of the important sectors in the inventory of GHG emissions. In energy consumption, GHGs are generated from the use of diesel fuel, burning shells and fiber. In addition to the use of diesel as its main fuel, shells and fiber are utilized for fuel. In this study, the calculation of the amount of emissions produced from palm oil mills in the energy sector was calculated according to the 2006 IPCC Guidelines Volume 2 Chapter 2 concerning the Stationary Combustion. The calculation results obtained by the average emissions produced in observed palm oil mill for the energy sector is 1,570,883 kg CO 2 /year or 1.5 Gg CO 2 /year.
Institut Teknologi PLN, 2020
Instalasi Listrik Industri merupakan instalasi tenaga dimana motor motor listrik dirancang instal... more Instalasi Listrik Industri merupakan instalasi tenaga dimana motor motor listrik dirancang instalasinya. ada 3 pembahasan ( Direct On Line, Dua Arah Putaran, dan Berurutan ) rangkaian lengkap teori dan prakteknya.
Institute Teknologi PLN, 2020
Dasar K3 Listrik ini sangat bagus buat kalangan pemula karena dilengkapi dengan teori dan gambar ... more Dasar K3 Listrik ini sangat bagus buat kalangan pemula karena dilengkapi dengan teori dan gambar sehingga bagi pemula bisa melihat langsung implementasinya
Excitation system is one of the most important parts of synchronous generators, where the system ... more Excitation system is one of the most important parts of synchronous generators, where the system functions to provide dc power to the field generator coil. Iin this study, a static excitation system consisting of transformers and connected thyristors in bridge configuration has been implemented in synchronous machines that operate as 206,1 mva capacity generators, 16,5 kv using the help of matlab simulink r2017b software. By adjusting the load given to the generator, variations in excitation currents can affect the amount of output voltage generated by the generator so that it can increase and decrease the induced voltage. In full load conditions, namely p = 175 mw, q = 100 mvar, the results of the study show that when the simulation is run at alpha 0 °, it is known that the average value of dc voltage is 496,4 v, excitation current is 1057 a and voltage generator output has increased beyond its nominal voltage of 16,72 kv. in this case, to maintain the terminal voltage, the excitation current must be reduced by increasing the angle of shooting of the thyristor to an alpha angle of 45 °, so that the average dc voltage can be reduced to 479,3 v, as well as the excitation current to 985,9 a. the generator output voltage at the alpha 45 ° angle is obtained according to its nominal value of 1,.5 kv. ABSTRAK Sistem eksitasi statis yang terdiri dari transformator dan thyristor terhubung dalam konfigurasi jembatan telah diimplementasikan dalam mesin sinkron yang beroperasi sebagai generator berkapasitas 206,1 MVA,16,5 kV dengan menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak MATLAB Simulink R2017b. Dengan menyesuaikan beban yang diberikan pada generator, variasi arus eksitasi dapat mempengaruhi besarnya tegangan keluaran yang dihasilkan oleh generator sehingga dapat menaikkan dan menurunkan tegangan induksi. Dalam kondisi beban penuh yaitu P=175 MW,Q=100 MVAR, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketika simulasi dijalankan pada sudut alfa 0°, diketahui bahwa nilai rata-rata tegangan DC diperoleh sebesar 496,4 V, arus eksitasi sebesar 1057 A dan tegangan keluaran generator telah meningkat melampaui tegangan nominalnya yaitu sebesar 16,72 kV. Dalam hal ini, untuk mempertahankan tegangan terminal maka arus eksitasi harus dikurangi yaitu dengan meningkatkan sudut penembakkan thyristor menjadi sudut alfa 45°, sehingga nilai rata-rata tegangan DC dapat berkurang menjadi 479,3 V, begitu juga arus eksitasi menjadi 985,9 A. Tegangan keluaran generator pada sudut alfa 45° diperoleh sesuai dengan nilai nominalnya yaitu 16,5 kV. Kata kunci: Generator sinkron, sistem eksitasi statis, arus eksitasi, tegangan keluaran
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Videos by Dr. Ir. Pawenary, M.T., MPM.
Ilmu Soft skill agar lulusan Teknik bisa berbicara dan berkomunikasi dengan baik.
Papers by Dr. Ir. Pawenary, M.T., MPM.
diketahui dengan mengukur nilai Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) dari mesin tersebut. Terdapat tiga faktor utama dalam pengukuran OEE, yaitu availability rate, performance rate, dan quality rate. Nilai standar dari ketiga faktor tersebut berturut-turut adalah 90%, 95%, dan 99%. Sedangkan untuk standar global dari nilai OEE adalah 85%. Berdasarkan nilai dari masing-masing faktor tersebut maka diperoleh nilai atau persentase dari OEE. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa
nilai OEE pada mesin Miyano 001 yang paling rendah yaitu terjadi pada bulan November yaitu sebesar 55,82%. Faktor yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap rendahnya nilai OEE pada mesin Miyano 001 adalah nilai performancenya. Faktor penyebab rendahnya nilai OEE dikelompokkan dalam beberapa parameter yaitu manusia, mesin, material, dan material.
Ilmu Soft skill agar lulusan Teknik bisa berbicara dan berkomunikasi dengan baik.
diketahui dengan mengukur nilai Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) dari mesin tersebut. Terdapat tiga faktor utama dalam pengukuran OEE, yaitu availability rate, performance rate, dan quality rate. Nilai standar dari ketiga faktor tersebut berturut-turut adalah 90%, 95%, dan 99%. Sedangkan untuk standar global dari nilai OEE adalah 85%. Berdasarkan nilai dari masing-masing faktor tersebut maka diperoleh nilai atau persentase dari OEE. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa
nilai OEE pada mesin Miyano 001 yang paling rendah yaitu terjadi pada bulan November yaitu sebesar 55,82%. Faktor yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap rendahnya nilai OEE pada mesin Miyano 001 adalah nilai performancenya. Faktor penyebab rendahnya nilai OEE dikelompokkan dalam beberapa parameter yaitu manusia, mesin, material, dan material.
fokus pada aplikasi di bagian teknik, yang kebanyakan untuk urusan bidang usaha. Manajemen teknik yaitu karir yang menyatukan kaidah penyelesaian masalah teknologi dan kemampuan organisasi, administratif, dan perencanaan dari ilmu manajemen. Tujuan dilakukannya penulisan ini adalah untuk memaparkan penjelasan mengenai pengetahuan dalam memanajemen suatu organisasi atau perusahaan dibidang teknik dan dibuat untuk dapat menjadi pengetahuan baru bagi pembaca. Metode penulisan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Data dan sumber data yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini berasal buku dan beberapa sumber internet mengenai ruang lingkup manajemen industri; konsep pengendalian, perencanaan dan pengorganisasiaan; mengelola perubahan; kepemimpinan; pengelola dan pemimpin; wewenang dan delegasi; budaya dan lingkungan industri; manajemen konflik; komunikasi, manajemen teknik pada bidang teknik. Hasil
penulisan ini di antaranya berupa penjelasan mengenai tata cara mengatur atau mengelola suatu perusahaan atau organisasi di bidang teknik maupun industri agar ke depannya lulusan teknik memiliki ilmu manajemen dan tidak hanya menjadi teknisi, tetapi juga bisa memimpin suatu perusahaan atau organisasi.
perbandingan antara engine drive dengan electrical drive. Dalam perancangan kendaraan sepeda motor listrik ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perhitungan ekonomi teknik dalam membuat sepeda
motor listrik. Pada proses konversi energi mekanik menjadi energi listrik maupun sebaliknya diperlukan perangkat/alat yang dinamakan dengan motor listrik. Metode yang akan digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode statistic deskriptif yaitu dengan cara melakukan pengkajian terhadap data-data teknis yang dibutuhkan dalam perhitungan kecepatan motor agar sesuai dengan standar. Electric vehicle atau Kendaraan Listrik adalah solusi dari masalah cadangan minyak bumi yang kian menipis serta masalah polusi yang tiap tahunnya meningkat akibat emisi gas buang yang dihasilkan kendaraan berbahan bakar minyak. Di negara-negara maju kendaraan ini sudah sangat lazim digunakan, bahkan sudah dimasyarakatkan. Dari hasil analisis daftar kebutuhan diatas dihasilkan langkah-langkah abstraksi dalam penentuan masalah utama pada perancangan kendaraan listrik, yaitu: Mengabaikan keinginan pribadi atau kehendak (wishes), yang tidak berpengaruh langsung pada fungsi dan kendala-kendala yang penting pada perancangan konsep kendaraan listrik berpenumpang roda tiga.
Pada buku ini banyak penerapan Teori untuk dunia industri / Project Management serta membantu para Project Manager dapat mengatur pekerjaan mulai dari sisi pembuatan proposal, perencanaan, engineering, produksi, quality control hingga delivery. Juga peranan leadership dari pimpinan kepada bawahan.