Papers by Paulo Roberto Guedes Machado Filho
Themes and terms for the next journals of Revista da FAEEBA: Educação e Contemporaneidade Palavra... more Themes and terms for the next journals of Revista da FAEEBA: Educação e Contemporaneidade Palavras-chave: Economia da educação-Capital humano-Municípios baianos e desenvolvimento humano ABSTRACT ECONOMY OF EDUCATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME IN THE CITIES OF BAHIA (BRAZIL) Economic Science has made a great contribution to the study of educational system effects on economic and social development. The Economics of Education constitutes a theoretical framework, which permits to evaluate such effects in a systemic perspective. The economic consequences of education
Scientia Agricola, 1999
Com o objetivo de se determinar o efeito do tempo de aquecimento de amostras de leite sobre sua c... more Com o objetivo de se determinar o efeito do tempo de aquecimento de amostras de leite sobre sua contagem de células somáticas (CCS), porcentagens de gordura e proteína foi realizado um experimento com delineamento em blocos casualizados (10 blocos com 9 parcelas). Os tratamentos foram aquecimento em banho-maria a 40 O C nos tempos de 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, e 90 minutos. As amostras de leite foram analisadas nos equipamentos Somacount 300 (CCS) e Bentley 2000 (% de gordura e proteína). Os resultados obtidos foram analisados através de análise de variância, teste F e análise de regressão. A CCS e a % de proteína não sofreram alteração pelo tempo de aquecimento. A análise de variância da % de gordura detectou efeito do tempo de aquecimento, mas a análise de regressão não indicou nenhuma regressão possível, sendo que esta variação provavelmente foi ao acaso. Os dados permitem concluir que o tempo de aquecimento em banho-maria a 40O C não é um fator que afete a CCS ou as porcent...
Animal Science, 1984
ABSTRACTData from 5270 lactation records of 1380 cows sired by 132 bulls and recorded from 1962 t... more ABSTRACTData from 5270 lactation records of 1380 cows sired by 132 bulls and recorded from 1962 to 1977 were analysed. Statistical analyses, using least squares and maximum likelihood methods, showed significant effects for genetic group, age of cow, month and year of calving, and lactation length. Overall mean milk yield was 2780 kg (CV = 0·31) with mean lactation length of 281 days. Maximum production occurred in the fifth lactation (104 or 105 months of age at calving) with a yield of 1·3 times that of the first lactation. Repeatability estimated by intraclass correlation was 0·40 (s.e. 0·03). Heritability estimated from paternal half-sib correlation was 0·16 (s.e. 0·06). Overall results were very similar to those obtained from research with European breeds in temperate areas.
Scientia Agricola, 2001
A mastite subclínica, diagnosticada através da contagem de células somáticas, afeta negativamente... more A mastite subclínica, diagnosticada através da contagem de células somáticas, afeta negativamente a pecuária leiteira diminuindo a produção de leite e de gordura. Este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de se quantificar o efeito do nível de células somáticas, transformado para escore linear (EL), sobre a produção de leite e gordura em 305 dias de lactação, produção de leite no pico e duração da lactação de bovinos da raça holandesa. Foram levantadas informações referentes a 147 lactações encerradas de vacas da raça holandesa (83 primíparas e 64 multíparas), de um rebanho confinado do Estado de São Paulo. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas utilizando-se o procedimento de modelo lineares generalizados. Contrariando a literatura, as características produtivas dos animais primíparos não sofreram efeito do escore linear. Provavelmente este fato ocorreu devido a quase inexistência de animais primíparos com EL maior que 4,5. O aumento do escore linear médio durante a lactação levo...
Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 2000
Efeito do nivel de celulas somaticas sobre os constituintes do leite If-lactose e solidos totais ... more Efeito do nivel de celulas somaticas sobre os constituintes do leite If-lactose e solidos totais Effects of somatic cell levels on milk components II-lactose and total solids
BMC infectious diseases, Jan 25, 2006
Disseminated leishmaniasis is an emerging infectious disease, mostly due to L. braziliensis, whic... more Disseminated leishmaniasis is an emerging infectious disease, mostly due to L. braziliensis, which has clinical and histopathological features distinct from cutaneous leishmaniasis. In the current study we evaluated the in vitro production of the cytokines IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-5 and IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 15 disseminated leishmaniasis and 24 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients upon stimulation with L. braziliensis antigens genotyped as disseminated leishmaniasis or cutaneous leishmaniasis isolates. Regardless of the source of L. braziliensis antigens, PBMC from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients produced significantly higher IFN-gamma than PBMC from disseminated leishmaniasis patients. Levels of TNF-alpha by PBMC from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients were significantly higher than disseminated leishmaniasis patients only when stimulated by genotyped cutaneous leishmaniasis antigens. The levels of IL-5 and IL-10 production by PBMC were very low and sim...
Brazilian journal of otorhinolaryngology
Leishmaniasis has been documented in several countries, with an estimated prevalence of 12 millio... more Leishmaniasis has been documented in several countries, with an estimated prevalence of 12 million people and an incidence at around 400,000 new cases per year. Leishmaniasis in the New World is one the major endemic diseases in Brazil and Latin America. The aim of this study was to add to the current knowledge on mucosal leishmaniasis, bringing the experience of the Immunology and Otolaryngology Departments in the Professor Edgar Santos University Hospital of the Federal University of Bahia. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common form of New World Leishmaniasis; mucosal legions may occur simultaneously or after years of disease. Mucosal leishmaniasis is caused mainly by L. braziliensis braziliensis; although the nasal mucosa is the most affected area, lesions may be found on the lips, mouth, pharynx and larynx. In addition to parasite-related factors, the host immune response may be involved in the pathogenicity of lesions in mucosal leishmaniasis.
European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 2014
Nanocarriers with a pH responsive behavior are receiving an ever growing attention due to their p... more Nanocarriers with a pH responsive behavior are receiving an ever growing attention due to their potential for promoting on-demand drug release and thus increase the therapeutic effectiveness of anti-tumoral pharmaceutics. However, the majority of these systems require costly, time-consuming and complex chemical modifications of materials or drugs to synthesize nanoparticles with pH triggered release. Herein, the development of dual drug loaded pH-responsive mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) with a calcium carbonate-based coating is presented as an effective alternative. This innovative approach allowed the loading of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Ibuprofen) and Doxorubicin, with high efficiency. The resulting dual drug loaded MSNs have spherical morphology and a mean size of 167 nm. Our results indicate that under acidic conditions the coating disassembles and the drugs are rapidly released, whereas at physiologic pH the release is slower and gradually increases with time. Furthermore, an improved cytotoxic effect was obtained for Doxorubicin-Ibuprofen MSNs coated with CaCO 3 in comparison with non-coated particles. The cytotoxic effect of dual loaded carbonate coated particles, was similar to that of Doxorubicin + Ibuprofen free drug administration at 72 h, even with the delivery of a significantly lower amount of drug by MSNs-CaCO 3. These results suggest that the carbonate coating of MSNs is a promising approach to create a pH-sensitive template for a delivery system with application in cancer therapy.
Scientia Agricola, 1994
Durante o período compreendido entre os meses de Março/1991 e Fevereiro /1992 foi realizado um ex... more Durante o período compreendido entre os meses de Março/1991 e Fevereiro /1992 foi realizado um experimento com o objetivo de avaliar a prevalência da mastite bovina em 07 fazendas produtoras de leite tipo B de diferentes regiões do estado de São Paulo. Foram analisadas 1683 vacas que deram origem a 7695 resultados do CMT e das quais foram coletadas 983 amostras de leite para realização do exame microbiológico. A análise do CMT indicou 47,0% de vacas com CMT negativo, 15,1% CMT + e 37,5% CMT ++/+ + + . Os escores do CMT foram distribuidos segundo o número de lactação (1ª lactação, 2ª lactação e 3ª ou + lactações) e segundo o estágio de lactação (1-30 dias de lactação, 31-90 dias, 91-250 dias e > 250 dias). A análise dos dados demonstrou que houve um efeito significativo (p < 0,0001) tanto do número quanto do estágio de lactação sobre a % de vacas CMT + + /+ + + Com relação ao perfil microbiológico das fazendas estudadas, foram encontradas 501 (50,97%) amostras positivas de um t...
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2014
Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease of increasing importance in ... more Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne disease of increasing importance in northeastern Brazil. It is known that sandflies, which spread the causative parasites, have weather-dependent population dynamics. Routinelygathered weather data may be useful for anticipating disease risk and planning interventions. Methodology/Principal Findings: We fit time series models using meteorological covariates to predict CL cases in a rural region of Bahía, Brazil from 1994 to 2004. We used the models to forecast CL cases for the period 2005 to 2008. Models accounting for meteorological predictors reduced mean squared error in one, two, and three month-ahead forecasts by up to 16% relative to forecasts from a null model accounting only for temporal autocorrelation. Significance: These outcomes suggest CL risk in northeastern Brazil might be partially dependent on weather. Responses to forecasted CL epidemics may include bolstering clinical capacity and disease surveillance in at-risk areas. Ecological mechanisms by which weather influences CL risk merit future research attention as public health intervention targets.
Infection and immunity, Jan 22, 2014
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by L. braziliensis is characterized by a strong Th1 respon... more Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is caused by L. braziliensis is characterized by a strong Th1 response that leads to the skin lesions development. In endemic areas for L. braziliensis transmission, up to 15% of healthy subjects have test positive for delayed type hypersensitivity to soluble leishmania antigen (SLA) and are considered to have a sub-clinical infection (SC). SC subjects produce less IFN-γ and TNF-α than do CL patients, but are able to control infection. The aim of this study was to characterized the role of CD8(+)T cells in SC and in CL. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were stimulated with SLA to determine CD4(+)fiFN-γ(+) and CD8(+)fiFN-γ(+) T cell frequency. Monocytes from PBMC were infected with L. braziliensis and co-cultured with CD8(+)T cells, and the frequencies of infected monocytes, cytotoxicity markers, target cell apoptosis and granzyme B levels were determined. The frequency of CD8(+)fiFN-γ(+) cells after SLA stimulation was higher for SC than CL cases. ...
Revista Brasileira de Cardiologia Invasiva, 2009
International Journal of Eating Disorders, 2014
ABSTRACTObjectiveBulimia nervosa (BN) is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes o... more ABSTRACTObjectiveBulimia nervosa (BN) is an eating disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors (such as purging, fasting, or excessive exercise) to prevent weight gain. BN has been associated with deficits in inhibitory control processes. The basal ganglia specifically, the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the caudate nucleus (CN) are part of the frontostriatal circuits involved in inhibitory control. The main goal of this study was to investigate the presence of morphological alterations in the NAc and the CN in a sample of patients diagnosed with BN.MethodForty‐one female participants, 21 diagnosed with BN and 20 healthy matched controls (HC), underwent a structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition and clinical assessment. The NAc and the CN were manually segmented using the software Slicer 3D.ResultsThe results reveal a significant volumetric decrease in the CN and a preserved NAc volume in BN compared to the contro...
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 2014
Introduction: The prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) infectio... more Introduction: The prevalence of human T-cell lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1/2) infection is heterogeneous across different populations. We tested the hypothesis that HTLV-1/2 infection occurs more often in dermatological patients. Methods: A total of 1,091 patients from a tropical dermatology clinic were tested for HTLV-1/2. In parallel, 6865 fi rst-time blood donors from the same geographic area were screened for HTLV-1/2; HTLV-1/2 positive blood donors underwent dermatological examinations. Results: The prevalence of HTLV-1/2 in fi rst-time blood donors was 0.14%. No co-occurrence of HTLV-1/2 infection and dermatological conditions was observed. Conclusions: Our results challenge the hypothesis that HTLV-1/2 infection occurs more often in dermatological patients.
Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 2014
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most frequent clinical form of tegumentary leishmaniasis and ... more Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is the most frequent clinical form of tegumentary leishmaniasis and is characterised by a single or a few ulcerated skin lesions that may disseminate into multiple ulcers and papules, which characterise disseminated leishmaniasis (DL). In this study, cells were quantified using immunohistochemistry and haematoxylin and eosin staining (CD4 + , CD68 + , CD20 + , plasma cells and neutrophils) and histopathology was used to determine the level of inflammation in biopsies from patients with early CL, late CL and DL (ulcers and papules). The histopathology showed differences in the epidermis between the papules and ulcers from DL. An analysis of the cells present in the tissues showed similarities between the ulcers from localised CL (LCL) and DL. The papules had fewer CD4 + T cells than the DL ulcers. Although both CD4 + cells and macrophages contribute to inflammation in early CL, macrophages are the primary cell type associated with inflammation intensity in late ulcers. The higher frequency of CD20 + cells and plasma cells in lesions demonstrates the importance of B cells in the pathogenesis of leishmaniasis. The number of neutrophils was the same in all of the analysed groups. A comparison between the ulcers from LCL and DL and the early ulcers and papules shows that few differences between these two clinical forms can be distinguished by observing only the tissue.
Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 2013
Introduction: Leishmania braziliensis infection induces a large spectrum of lesions that clinical... more Introduction: Leishmania braziliensis infection induces a large spectrum of lesions that clinically manifest as nodules or papules that progress to ulcers. Although it is already known that T helper cells predominate in the lesions, cytotoxic T cells have also been reported to be present, and their role in leishmaniasis immunopathogenesis is not well known. This study investigated the amounts of CD8+ and granzyme B+ cells in different clinical forms of human cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Methods: Forty tissue fragments from early (E-CL) and late CL (L-CL) lesions and from disseminated leishmaniasis (DL)-papules and ulcers-were characterized. The infl amed area per fragment was calculated, and the CD8 and granzyme B expression levels in the infi ltrates were quantifi ed by counting positive cells in 15 fi elds. The localization of CD8 and granzyme B was graded subjectively. Results: Infl ammation was higher in L-CL and DL ulcers. CD8 expression was increased in late ulcerated lesions compared to recent lesions. The increase in CD8+ cells also correlated with the duration of the lesion. Papules had a higher frequency of granzyme B+ cells than E-CL lesions, although the frequency was similar to those for late and DL ulcers. CD8+ cells were mostly found in the papillary dermis. Conclusions: CD8+ T and granzyme B+ cells are present in the infl ammatory infi ltrates of CL and DL and may participate in the immunopathogenesis of Leishmania infection.
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2011
Disseminated leishmaniasis (DL) is an emerging form of Leishmania braziliensis infection characte... more Disseminated leishmaniasis (DL) is an emerging form of Leishmania braziliensis infection characterised by multiple cutaneous lesions on different parts of the body and a high rate of mucosal involvement. Systemic production of TNFα and IFNγ in DL patients is lower than in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by L. braziliensis, which may account for parasite dissemination due to the decreased ability to control parasite growth. In this study, the systemic and in situ immune response of DL and CL patients was characterised through evaluation of chemokine and cytokine production. In situ evaluation showed similar production of IFNγ, TNFα, IL-10, transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL3, CCL11 and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10) in papular and ulcerative lesions from DL as well as in ulcerated lesions from CL. Serum levels of CXCL9, a chemokine that attracts Tcells, was higher in serum from DL than from CL. These data indicate that a decrease in the type 1 immune response in peripheral blood of DL patients is due to attraction of Leishmania antigenactivated T-cells to the multiple cutaneous lesions. This may account for the absence of or few parasites in the lesions and for the development of ulcers similar to those observed in CL.
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 1999
Este estudo foi realizado para analisar a influência de alguns fatores de meio sobre a produção d... more Este estudo foi realizado para analisar a influência de alguns fatores de meio sobre a produção de leite e o intervalo de partos e estimar os parâmetros genéticos da produção de leite aos 305 dias (P305) e do intervalo de partos (IP). Foram analisadas 3044 lactações de 1568 vacas da raça Holandesa, paridas no período de 1988 a 1995, pertencentes a rebanhos monitorados pelo Sistema de Informação DAISY (The Dairy Information System). Nas análises dos fatores não-genéticos, foi utilizado o método dos quadrados mínimos e para estimação dos parâmetros genéticos, o método da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML), utilizando-se análises uni e bivariadas. As médias estimadas e os erros-padrão para P305 e IP foram 4634,3±108 kg, e 421,7±93,5 dias, respectivamente. Os efeitos de ano do parto, rebanho ou nível de produção e idade da vaca em classes influenciaram todas as características estudadas. As estimativas de herdabilidade para P305 e IEP variaram de 0,24 a 0,43 e 0,06 a 0,07, respectiv...
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2006
Foram analisadas produções acumuladas de leite até 305 dias (P305) e contagens de células somátic... more Foram analisadas produções acumuladas de leite até 305 dias (P305) e contagens de células somáticas (CCS) pertencentes a lactações de vacas Holandesas, cujas ordens de parto variaram de 1 a 5. A CCS foi transformada para escore de célula somática (ECS) e analisada como variável dependente e independente. Verificou-se, no primeiro caso, a influência de rebanho, do ano, do mês e da ordem do parto sobre o ECS na lactação, enquanto, no segundo caso, avaliou-se o efeito do ECS sobre a produção de leite. Foram observados efeitos significativos do ano, do mês e da ordem do parto sobre o ECS. O estudo do efeito do ECS sobre a produção de leite demonstrou a ocorrência de perdas significativas na P305, conseqüência relação linear e negativa entre essas duas variáveis. O ECS afetou de maneira diferente a P305 para cada ordem de parto estudada, tendo maior influência sobre as P305 após o terceiro parto. Embora a mastite clínica acarrete, aparentemente, maiores perdas econômicas, a prevenção e o...
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2010
Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is treated with parenteral drugs for decades with decrea... more Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is treated with parenteral drugs for decades with decreasing rate cures. Miltefosine is an oral medication with anti-leishmania activity and may increase the cure rates and improve compliance. Methodology/Principal Findings: This study is a randomized, open-label, controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of miltefosine versus pentavalent antimony (Sb v) in the treatment of patients with CL caused by Leishmania braziliensis in Bahia, Brazil. A total of 90 patients were enrolled in the trial; 60 were assigned to receive miltefosine and 30 to receive Sb v. Six months after treatment, in the intention-to-treat analyses, the definitive cure rate was 53.3% in the Sb v group and 75% in the miltefosine group (difference of 21.7%, 95% CI 0.08% to 42.7%, p = 0.04). Miltefosine was more effective than Sb v in the age group of 13-65 years-old compared to 2-12 years-old group (78.9% versus 45% p = 0.02; 68.2% versus 70% p = 1.0, respectively). The incidence of adverse events was similar in the Sb v and miltefosine groups (76.7% vs. 78.3%). Vomiting (41.7%), nausea (40%), and abdominal pain (23.3%) were significantly more frequent in the miltefosine group while arthralgias (20.7%), mialgias (20.7%) and fever (23.3%) were significantly more frequent in the Sb v group. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that miltefosine therapy is more effective than standard Sb v and safe for the treatment of CL caused by Leishmania braziliensis in Bahia, Brazil.
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Papers by Paulo Roberto Guedes Machado Filho