Taking into account that the transport of grains can be carried out over long distances and that ... more Taking into account that the transport of grains can be carried out over long distances and that the mass of grains during transport often has high moisture content, there may be risks of heat and moisture transfer and heating of the grains mass, proving quanti-qualitative losses. Thus, this study aimed to validate a method with probe system for real-time monitoring of temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide in the grain mass of corn during transport and storage to detect early dry matter losses and predict possible changes on the grain physical quality. The equipment consisted of a microcontroller, system's hardware, digital sensors to detect air temperature and relative humidity, a non-destructive infrared sensor to detect CO2 concentration. Real-time monitoring system determined early and satisfactorily in an indirect way the changes in the physical quality of the grains confirming by the physical analyses of electrical conductivity and germination. The equipment in...
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Biossistemas, 2016
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da temperatura do ar de secagem (80, 100 e 120 °C) e a redução do... more Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da temperatura do ar de secagem (80, 100 e 120 °C) e a redução dos teores de água na qualidade física e físico-química de grãos de milho (Zea mays L.) em um secador de fluxo mistos operando de forma continua. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (7x3) (teores de água x temperaturas de secagem). A redução dos teores de água associados ao aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem reduziu o comprimento, a largura, a espessura, o volume, a esfericidade e a circularidade dos grãos de milho. Os índices de acidez e a porcentagem de cinzas aumentaram com a redução dos teores de água, não havendo diferenças entre as temperaturas do ar de secagem. A diminuição dos teores de água com o aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem aumentou a condutividade elétrica e reduziu a germinação dos grãos, não havendo diferença entre as temperaturas de 100 e 120 °C. Concluiu-se que, o processo de secagem contínua em secadores de fluxo mis...
The monitoring and evaluating the physical and physiological quality of seeds throughout storage ... more The monitoring and evaluating the physical and physiological quality of seeds throughout storage requires technical and financial resources and is subject to sampling and laboratory errors. Therefore, machine learning (ML) techniques could help optimize the processes and obtain accurate results for decision-making in the seed storage process. This study aimed to analyze the performance of ML algorithms from variables monitored during seed conditioning (temperature and packaging) and storage time to predict the physical and physiological quality of stored soybean seeds. Data analysis was performed using the Artificial Neural Networks, decision tree algorithms REPTree and M5P, Random Forest, and Linear Regression. In predicting seed quality, the combination of the input variables temperature and storage time for REPTree and Random Forest algorithms outperformed the linear regression, providing higher accuracy indices. Among the most important results, it was observed for apparent spec...
RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar o desempenho e calibrar métodos contidos no softwa... more RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar o desempenho e calibrar métodos contidos no software Sevap para estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) para a região Norte do Brasil. As metodologias testadas foram Hargreaves-Samani, Jensen-Haise, Linacre, Makkink, Priestley & Taylor e Thornthwaite. Os dados meteorológicos necessários para execução desse trabalho foram retirados das Normais Climatológicas (1961-1990) de 47 localidades da região Norte do Brasil, disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Inmet). O método tomado como padrão foi o Penman-Monteith-FAO 56 e realizaram-se análises de regressão entre os valores obtidos com as metodologias testadas e valores estimados pelo software Sevap. A calibração das equações foi realizada por meio dos coeficientes "a" e "b" das respectivas regressões lineares simples. A comparação dos resultados foi por meio do coeficiente de determinação (r 2), dos coeficientes "a" e "b" das equações de regressão linear, erro-padrão da estimativa (EPE), índice de concordância de Willmott (d), coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r) e do coeficiente de confiança (c). Foram analisadas as correlações simples entre os valores de ET0 obtidas pelos diferentes métodos e os elementos climáticos medidos. Verificou-se que a ET0 obtida por Penman-Monteith-FAO 56, Jensen-Haise e Makkink apresentaram correlação positiva com a insolação. Os métodos de Hargreaves-Samani e Priestley & Taylor não apresentaram correlação com nenhum elemento climático. Os métodos de Linacre e Thornthwaite apresentaram correlação positiva com as temperaturas média e máxima do ar. Após a calibração das equações estudadas, as estimativas pelos diferentes métodos foram mais próximas aos valores de ET0 por Penman-Monteith. O método de Priestley & Taylor apresentou melhor desempenho em relação aos demais métodos e pode ser utilizado para estimativa confiável da ET0 na região norte do Brasil. Após serem calibradas, as metodologias de Makkink e Jensen-Haise podem ser utilizadas para estimativa da ET0 na região norte do Brasil.
The study had as objective to evaluate occupational hazards on grain storage unit to define a con... more The study had as objective to evaluate occupational hazards on grain storage unit to define a conceptual model, implemented in an algorithm to manage the grains storage facilities safety standards compliance. Sampling points location were defined for static quantification of noise, dust and heat stress hazards in grains pre-processing operations to indicate the effectiveness of the control measures implemented. Safety standards applied to grain handling and storage facilities were identified and selected. Chart flows were elaborated to the algorithm logics and conceptual modeling. The highest level of noise was present in the grain cleaning operation (99.1 dB), while the expedition operation has the highest level of dust (20.27%). The heat stress was present in the grain drying operation (43.64 WBGT). Noise analysis did not show a difference between grains, only between operations. The flow of corn grain mass caused higher dust concentrations in the expedition operation. The method ...
The knowledge of the physical properties of the grains is important for the optimization of posth... more The knowledge of the physical properties of the grains is important for the optimization of postharvest operations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of convective drying with different air temperatures (45, 55, 65 and 75 °C) the physical properties of sunflower seeds. The drying sunflower grains was performed in convection oven with forced air. In natural conditions, samples of 5 kg of pellets were used for each repetition drying. During the drying process, the grains samples were weighed periodically until they reach 10% (wet basis, w.b.), then were subjected to evaluations of physical properties. According to the results it was observed that the porosity, apparent density, thousand kernel weight to the drag coefficient, roundness, sphericity and width of sunflower seed did not change with increasing temperature drying air. It was concluded that the drying air temperatures of 45 °C and 55 retained the initial physical characteristics of sunflower seeds. The temperature of the drying air of 75 °C had greater influence on changes in volumetric shrinkage of the grains.
Introdução As propriedades físicas dos produtos agrícolas têm a sua utilização em estudos de aero... more Introdução As propriedades físicas dos produtos agrícolas têm a sua utilização em estudos de aerodinâmica, na otimização industrial, desenho e dimensionamento de equipamentos utilizados nas operações de colheita e pós-colheita (Kibar, 2008). Corrêa et al. (2002) e Isik et al. (2007) apontam que o conhecimento das características físicas dos materiais granulares é de grande importância em estudos de transferência de calor e de massa e movimentação de ar. O processo de secagem proporciona a perda de água dos grãos, fazendo com que ocorram mudanças físicas na estrutura do produto, provando alterações na forma e nas dimensões dos grãos (Mayor & Sereno, 2004). Para Prado et al. (2000), a contração volumétrica é promovida pela redução da tensão no interior das células, devido à remoção de água durante a secagem. De acordo com Polat et al. (2006) e Matouk et al. (2008) as variações volumétricas são as principais causas de alterações nas propriedades físicas de produtos agrícolas. O conheci...
Agradeço a Deus, por me proteger de todos os perigos e por ter me dado mais uma conquista na vida... more Agradeço a Deus, por me proteger de todos os perigos e por ter me dado mais uma conquista na vida. Agradeço de coração a toda minha família, sempre presentes em todos os momentos, sejam eles bons ou ruins, e que, durante o curso, me incentivou e acreditou no meu potencial. Obrigado, mãe; obrigado, pai e obrigado, irmãos, por fazerem parte de minha vida.
The final quality of pre-processed coffees is influenced by the applied drying technology. Thus, ... more The final quality of pre-processed coffees is influenced by the applied drying technology. Thus, the aim of the study was to develop and validate a heated air flow diffusion system to optimize and reduce the drying time of rotary dryers and improve the final quality of coffee. Computational fluid dynamics was used for the simulation of the air fluid dynamics in the combustion chamber of the heat generator. It was observed that the energy losses in the upper and lower walls of the heat generator chamber were higher with an increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient. It was found that the rate of fluid flow presented a fully developed profile, in which the higher speed value was found in the central region of the outlet. The reduction in moisture content during coffee drying was directly proportional to the increase in temperature. The Midilli model shows the best fit to describe the drying curves of the coffee. The effective diffusion coefficient increases with increasing t...
Different regions have different environmental conditions, which may be unfavorable for the prese... more Different regions have different environmental conditions, which may be unfavorable for the preservation of the quality of stored soybean seeds over time. Thus, it is necessary to adopt specific technologies to control the storage environment conditions. Big raffia bags are widely used for the storage of soybean seeds, however these consist of a porous, permeable material that allows the exchange of gases between the packaging and the storage environment. In an effort to find a solution to this problem, in this study we evaluated low cost big bag coating alternatives, in order to minimize the effects of temperature and intergranular humidity on stored seeds. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of soybean cultivars subjected to different temperature and storage duration conditions and stored in raffia bags with or without internal coating. We used a completely randomized, three-factor (10 × 6 × 5) experimental design. We assessed 10 soybean cultivars, six storage e...
This study aimed to evaluate the quality of seeds of RR and RR2 PRO soybean cultivars stored in a... more This study aimed to evaluate the quality of seeds of RR and RR2 PRO soybean cultivars stored in ambient air with raffia packaging (ANER), ambient air with laminated packaging (ANEL), modified atmosphere with polyethylene packaging (AMEP), refrigerated atmosphere (1 to 3°C) with raffia packaging (ARER), refrigerated atmosphere (1 to 3°C) with laminated packaging (AREL), and modified (-14 PSI) and refrigerated (1 to 3°C) atmosphere with polyethylene packaging (AMREP), over 6 months of storage. Results showed that the seeds of cultivar RR2 were preserved with better physiological quality. Raffia and polyethylene packaging under natural storage conditions, in a refrigerated and modified atmosphere, did not preserve the seed quality over the storage period. The conditions of storage in ambient air with laminated packaging (ANEL) and in a refrigerated atmosphere with laminated packaging (AREL) reduced the environmental effects of temperature and relative humidity, leading to better result...
The present work had as aim to evaluate the similar of soybean cultivars according to physical pr... more The present work had as aim to evaluate the similar of soybean cultivars according to physical properties as a guiding parameter for decision making in the design and regulation of post-harvest equipment using multivariate analysis. First, Pearson's correlation coefficients were estimated. Posteriorly, principal component analysis was performed to verify the interrelationship between variables and soybean cultivars. A biplot was built with the first two principal components. Finally, a boxplot was built for each variable considering the grouping presented by the analysis of main components. By principal component analysis, we identified the formation of two clusters (G1 and G2) of cultivars. Unit specific mass was the physical property that most contributed to the formation of G1, while the other physical properties contributed to the formation of G2. Soybean cultivars comprising the G1 are more similar to each other only for unit specific mass, and the cultivars allocated in gr...
Reliable estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) are necessary to address different aspec... more Reliable estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) are necessary to address different aspects related to the management of water and environmental resources. There are several models for estimating ET0, each designed for different climatic conditions and which require review before being used in the new region. Given this, we aimed to compare different methodologies for estimating ET0 in different seasons in Minas Gerais State. The methodologies tested were HargreavesSamani, Jensen-Haise, Linacre, Makkink and Priestley-Taylor. Estimates of ET0 were held in different annual season (spring, summer, autumn and winter). The meteorological data needed to perform this work were taken from Standard Climatological (1961-1990) of 50 localities of Minas Gerais, provided by the National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet). The method was taken as the standard Penman-Monteith-FAO56 and comparison of results was by the coefficient of determination (r²), the coefficients "a" and &quo...
Taking into account that the transport of grains can be carried out over long distances and that ... more Taking into account that the transport of grains can be carried out over long distances and that the mass of grains during transport often has high moisture content, there may be risks of heat and moisture transfer and heating of the grains mass, proving quanti-qualitative losses. Thus, this study aimed to validate a method with probe system for real-time monitoring of temperature, relative humidity and carbon dioxide in the grain mass of corn during transport and storage to detect early dry matter losses and predict possible changes on the grain physical quality. The equipment consisted of a microcontroller, system's hardware, digital sensors to detect air temperature and relative humidity, a non-destructive infrared sensor to detect CO2 concentration. Real-time monitoring system determined early and satisfactorily in an indirect way the changes in the physical quality of the grains confirming by the physical analyses of electrical conductivity and germination. The equipment in...
Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Biossistemas, 2016
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da temperatura do ar de secagem (80, 100 e 120 °C) e a redução do... more Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da temperatura do ar de secagem (80, 100 e 120 °C) e a redução dos teores de água na qualidade física e físico-química de grãos de milho (Zea mays L.) em um secador de fluxo mistos operando de forma continua. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial (7x3) (teores de água x temperaturas de secagem). A redução dos teores de água associados ao aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem reduziu o comprimento, a largura, a espessura, o volume, a esfericidade e a circularidade dos grãos de milho. Os índices de acidez e a porcentagem de cinzas aumentaram com a redução dos teores de água, não havendo diferenças entre as temperaturas do ar de secagem. A diminuição dos teores de água com o aumento da temperatura do ar de secagem aumentou a condutividade elétrica e reduziu a germinação dos grãos, não havendo diferença entre as temperaturas de 100 e 120 °C. Concluiu-se que, o processo de secagem contínua em secadores de fluxo mis...
The monitoring and evaluating the physical and physiological quality of seeds throughout storage ... more The monitoring and evaluating the physical and physiological quality of seeds throughout storage requires technical and financial resources and is subject to sampling and laboratory errors. Therefore, machine learning (ML) techniques could help optimize the processes and obtain accurate results for decision-making in the seed storage process. This study aimed to analyze the performance of ML algorithms from variables monitored during seed conditioning (temperature and packaging) and storage time to predict the physical and physiological quality of stored soybean seeds. Data analysis was performed using the Artificial Neural Networks, decision tree algorithms REPTree and M5P, Random Forest, and Linear Regression. In predicting seed quality, the combination of the input variables temperature and storage time for REPTree and Random Forest algorithms outperformed the linear regression, providing higher accuracy indices. Among the most important results, it was observed for apparent spec...
RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar o desempenho e calibrar métodos contidos no softwa... more RESUMO Objetivou-se com este trabalho, avaliar o desempenho e calibrar métodos contidos no software Sevap para estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) para a região Norte do Brasil. As metodologias testadas foram Hargreaves-Samani, Jensen-Haise, Linacre, Makkink, Priestley & Taylor e Thornthwaite. Os dados meteorológicos necessários para execução desse trabalho foram retirados das Normais Climatológicas (1961-1990) de 47 localidades da região Norte do Brasil, disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (Inmet). O método tomado como padrão foi o Penman-Monteith-FAO 56 e realizaram-se análises de regressão entre os valores obtidos com as metodologias testadas e valores estimados pelo software Sevap. A calibração das equações foi realizada por meio dos coeficientes "a" e "b" das respectivas regressões lineares simples. A comparação dos resultados foi por meio do coeficiente de determinação (r 2), dos coeficientes "a" e "b" das equações de regressão linear, erro-padrão da estimativa (EPE), índice de concordância de Willmott (d), coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r) e do coeficiente de confiança (c). Foram analisadas as correlações simples entre os valores de ET0 obtidas pelos diferentes métodos e os elementos climáticos medidos. Verificou-se que a ET0 obtida por Penman-Monteith-FAO 56, Jensen-Haise e Makkink apresentaram correlação positiva com a insolação. Os métodos de Hargreaves-Samani e Priestley & Taylor não apresentaram correlação com nenhum elemento climático. Os métodos de Linacre e Thornthwaite apresentaram correlação positiva com as temperaturas média e máxima do ar. Após a calibração das equações estudadas, as estimativas pelos diferentes métodos foram mais próximas aos valores de ET0 por Penman-Monteith. O método de Priestley & Taylor apresentou melhor desempenho em relação aos demais métodos e pode ser utilizado para estimativa confiável da ET0 na região norte do Brasil. Após serem calibradas, as metodologias de Makkink e Jensen-Haise podem ser utilizadas para estimativa da ET0 na região norte do Brasil.
The study had as objective to evaluate occupational hazards on grain storage unit to define a con... more The study had as objective to evaluate occupational hazards on grain storage unit to define a conceptual model, implemented in an algorithm to manage the grains storage facilities safety standards compliance. Sampling points location were defined for static quantification of noise, dust and heat stress hazards in grains pre-processing operations to indicate the effectiveness of the control measures implemented. Safety standards applied to grain handling and storage facilities were identified and selected. Chart flows were elaborated to the algorithm logics and conceptual modeling. The highest level of noise was present in the grain cleaning operation (99.1 dB), while the expedition operation has the highest level of dust (20.27%). The heat stress was present in the grain drying operation (43.64 WBGT). Noise analysis did not show a difference between grains, only between operations. The flow of corn grain mass caused higher dust concentrations in the expedition operation. The method ...
The knowledge of the physical properties of the grains is important for the optimization of posth... more The knowledge of the physical properties of the grains is important for the optimization of postharvest operations. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of convective drying with different air temperatures (45, 55, 65 and 75 °C) the physical properties of sunflower seeds. The drying sunflower grains was performed in convection oven with forced air. In natural conditions, samples of 5 kg of pellets were used for each repetition drying. During the drying process, the grains samples were weighed periodically until they reach 10% (wet basis, w.b.), then were subjected to evaluations of physical properties. According to the results it was observed that the porosity, apparent density, thousand kernel weight to the drag coefficient, roundness, sphericity and width of sunflower seed did not change with increasing temperature drying air. It was concluded that the drying air temperatures of 45 °C and 55 retained the initial physical characteristics of sunflower seeds. The temperature of the drying air of 75 °C had greater influence on changes in volumetric shrinkage of the grains.
Introdução As propriedades físicas dos produtos agrícolas têm a sua utilização em estudos de aero... more Introdução As propriedades físicas dos produtos agrícolas têm a sua utilização em estudos de aerodinâmica, na otimização industrial, desenho e dimensionamento de equipamentos utilizados nas operações de colheita e pós-colheita (Kibar, 2008). Corrêa et al. (2002) e Isik et al. (2007) apontam que o conhecimento das características físicas dos materiais granulares é de grande importância em estudos de transferência de calor e de massa e movimentação de ar. O processo de secagem proporciona a perda de água dos grãos, fazendo com que ocorram mudanças físicas na estrutura do produto, provando alterações na forma e nas dimensões dos grãos (Mayor & Sereno, 2004). Para Prado et al. (2000), a contração volumétrica é promovida pela redução da tensão no interior das células, devido à remoção de água durante a secagem. De acordo com Polat et al. (2006) e Matouk et al. (2008) as variações volumétricas são as principais causas de alterações nas propriedades físicas de produtos agrícolas. O conheci...
Agradeço a Deus, por me proteger de todos os perigos e por ter me dado mais uma conquista na vida... more Agradeço a Deus, por me proteger de todos os perigos e por ter me dado mais uma conquista na vida. Agradeço de coração a toda minha família, sempre presentes em todos os momentos, sejam eles bons ou ruins, e que, durante o curso, me incentivou e acreditou no meu potencial. Obrigado, mãe; obrigado, pai e obrigado, irmãos, por fazerem parte de minha vida.
The final quality of pre-processed coffees is influenced by the applied drying technology. Thus, ... more The final quality of pre-processed coffees is influenced by the applied drying technology. Thus, the aim of the study was to develop and validate a heated air flow diffusion system to optimize and reduce the drying time of rotary dryers and improve the final quality of coffee. Computational fluid dynamics was used for the simulation of the air fluid dynamics in the combustion chamber of the heat generator. It was observed that the energy losses in the upper and lower walls of the heat generator chamber were higher with an increase in the convective heat transfer coefficient. It was found that the rate of fluid flow presented a fully developed profile, in which the higher speed value was found in the central region of the outlet. The reduction in moisture content during coffee drying was directly proportional to the increase in temperature. The Midilli model shows the best fit to describe the drying curves of the coffee. The effective diffusion coefficient increases with increasing t...
Different regions have different environmental conditions, which may be unfavorable for the prese... more Different regions have different environmental conditions, which may be unfavorable for the preservation of the quality of stored soybean seeds over time. Thus, it is necessary to adopt specific technologies to control the storage environment conditions. Big raffia bags are widely used for the storage of soybean seeds, however these consist of a porous, permeable material that allows the exchange of gases between the packaging and the storage environment. In an effort to find a solution to this problem, in this study we evaluated low cost big bag coating alternatives, in order to minimize the effects of temperature and intergranular humidity on stored seeds. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of soybean cultivars subjected to different temperature and storage duration conditions and stored in raffia bags with or without internal coating. We used a completely randomized, three-factor (10 × 6 × 5) experimental design. We assessed 10 soybean cultivars, six storage e...
This study aimed to evaluate the quality of seeds of RR and RR2 PRO soybean cultivars stored in a... more This study aimed to evaluate the quality of seeds of RR and RR2 PRO soybean cultivars stored in ambient air with raffia packaging (ANER), ambient air with laminated packaging (ANEL), modified atmosphere with polyethylene packaging (AMEP), refrigerated atmosphere (1 to 3°C) with raffia packaging (ARER), refrigerated atmosphere (1 to 3°C) with laminated packaging (AREL), and modified (-14 PSI) and refrigerated (1 to 3°C) atmosphere with polyethylene packaging (AMREP), over 6 months of storage. Results showed that the seeds of cultivar RR2 were preserved with better physiological quality. Raffia and polyethylene packaging under natural storage conditions, in a refrigerated and modified atmosphere, did not preserve the seed quality over the storage period. The conditions of storage in ambient air with laminated packaging (ANEL) and in a refrigerated atmosphere with laminated packaging (AREL) reduced the environmental effects of temperature and relative humidity, leading to better result...
The present work had as aim to evaluate the similar of soybean cultivars according to physical pr... more The present work had as aim to evaluate the similar of soybean cultivars according to physical properties as a guiding parameter for decision making in the design and regulation of post-harvest equipment using multivariate analysis. First, Pearson's correlation coefficients were estimated. Posteriorly, principal component analysis was performed to verify the interrelationship between variables and soybean cultivars. A biplot was built with the first two principal components. Finally, a boxplot was built for each variable considering the grouping presented by the analysis of main components. By principal component analysis, we identified the formation of two clusters (G1 and G2) of cultivars. Unit specific mass was the physical property that most contributed to the formation of G1, while the other physical properties contributed to the formation of G2. Soybean cultivars comprising the G1 are more similar to each other only for unit specific mass, and the cultivars allocated in gr...
Reliable estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) are necessary to address different aspec... more Reliable estimates of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) are necessary to address different aspects related to the management of water and environmental resources. There are several models for estimating ET0, each designed for different climatic conditions and which require review before being used in the new region. Given this, we aimed to compare different methodologies for estimating ET0 in different seasons in Minas Gerais State. The methodologies tested were HargreavesSamani, Jensen-Haise, Linacre, Makkink and Priestley-Taylor. Estimates of ET0 were held in different annual season (spring, summer, autumn and winter). The meteorological data needed to perform this work were taken from Standard Climatological (1961-1990) of 50 localities of Minas Gerais, provided by the National Institute of Meteorology (Inmet). The method was taken as the standard Penman-Monteith-FAO56 and comparison of results was by the coefficient of determination (r²), the coefficients "a" and &quo...
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