Paul Olowoyo

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Facil Tesfaye

The University of Hong Kong

Oludamini Ogunnaike

University of Virginia

Caroline J . Tully

University of Melbourne

Ana Margarida Dias Martins

University of Exeter

Alex Pereira de Araujo

UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul

Ivan Poli

University of Sao Paulo

Adejola Olivera

Universidad de la República (Uruguay)

Ayodeji Ogunnaike

McGill University

Armando Marques-Guedes

UNL - New University of Lisbon

Gwen Robbins Schug

University of North Carolina at Greensboro

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ACHIEVE conference proceedings: implementing action plans to reduce and control hypertension burden in Africa

Journal of human hypertension, Feb 29, 2024

The prevalence of hypertension, the commonest risk factor for preventable disability and prematur... more The prevalence of hypertension, the commonest risk factor for preventable disability and premature deaths, is rapidly increasing in Africa. The African Control of Hypertension through Innovative Epidemiology, and a Vibrant Ecosystem [ACHIEVE] conference was convened to discuss and initiate the co-implementation of the strategic solutions to tame this burden toward achieving a target of 80% for awareness, treatment, and control by the year 2030. Experts, including the academia, policymakers, patients, the WHO, and representatives of various hypertension and cardiology societies generated a 12-item communique for implementation by the stakeholders of the ACHIEVE ecosystem at the continental, national, sub-national, and local (primary) healthcare levels.

Geo-Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Diagnosed Hypertension among Urban Dwellers in Ibadan, Nigeria: A Community-based Study

Global synergistic actions to improve brain health for human development

Nature Reviews Neurology, May 19, 2023

The global burden of neurological disorders is substantial and increasing, especially in low-reso... more The global burden of neurological disorders is substantial and increasing, especially in low-resource settings. The current increased global interest in brain health and its impact on population wellbeing and economic growth, highlighted in the World Health Organization's new Intersectoral Global Action Plan on Epilepsy and other Neurological Disorders 2022-2031, presents an opportunity to rethink the delivery of neurological services. In this Perspective, we highlight the global burden of neurological disorders and propose pragmatic solutions to enhance neurological health, with an emphasis on building global synergies and fostering a 'neurological revolution' across four key pillars -surveillance, prevention, acute care and rehabilitation -termed the neurological quadrangle. Innovative strategies for achieving this transformation include the recognition and promotion of holistic, spiritual and planetary health. These strategies can be deployed through co-design and co-implementation to create equitable and inclusive access to services for the promotion, protection and recovery of neurological health in all human populations across the life course. Sections Perspective 2016, the three leading neurological causes among 15 neurological disorders that were assessed were stroke (67.4%), Alzheimer disease and other related dementias (20.3%) and meningitis (3.7%) . Other common neurological disorders included in the assessment were Parkinson disease, encephalitis, spinal cord injuries, traumatic brain injuries, multiple sclerosis, CNS cancers, cervical and lumbar spondyloses, motor neuron disease, peripheral nerve and neuromuscular diseases and tetanus and other neuroinfectious diseases 11 . In addition, inherited neurometabolic diseases comprise more than 1,400 different genetic diseases and together pose a substantial burden, with a cumulative incidence ranging from 1 in 800 to 1 in 2,500 newborns . Huge direct and indirect costs are incurred from neurological diseases. For example, stroke, as the leading neurological cause of death and disability, costs almost US $900 billion per annum globally 14 , and dementia cost US $1.3 trillion in 2019 (ref. 15). Poor sleep and sleepwake disorders, which affect over 20% of the general population , are associated with reduced functioning and wellbeing and are estimated to result in economic costs of nearly US $700 billion annually across five Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries (Canada, USA, UK, Germany and Japan) . In addition, sleep disorders are associated with an increased risk of developing neurological and mental health problems such as stroke, neurodegenerative disorders and depression and have been reported to aggravate the course of other neurological disorders, including epilepsy, migraine, neuroimmunological disorders and pain conditions 18 . This impact of sleep disorders on other neurological conditions could, therefore, result in further indirect costs. Studies examining the comparative costs between neurological disorders and other diseases in Europe and the USA further highlight the economic burden of neurological disease 23 . The cost of neurological disorders in Europe was estimated at €798 billion in 2010, 63% of which were indirect costs 24 . This total was equivalent to the cost in Europe of heart disease, cancer and diabetes combined. Similarly, a US study reported an annual cost of US $789 billion from nine major neurological disorders in 2014 (ref. 25). Both studies concluded that, to prevent the financial burden becoming unmanageable, neurological disorders require investment and focus equivalent to that received by cancers and heart disease. In many countries, particularly low-income and middleincome countries (LMICs), a lack of universal health coverage further increases health-care and social-care costs. However, a lack of studies investigating the burden of neurological disorders in LMICs hinders the ability of governments to leverage change 23 . The growth of the ageing population will create an increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation and support services for people with neurological disorders, resulting in an even larger financial burden. In addition, compared with other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as heart disease, cancers and diabetes, many neurological disorders have few established modifiable risk factors; more investment in neurological translational research is therefore necessary to unravel more risk factors and develop effective targeted prevention and treatment strategies . The NCDs Countdown 2030 report stated that the risk of dying from neurological disorders from birth to 80 years of age increased in more than half of all countries from 2000 to 2016, making them the fastest-growing cause of death among NCDs 26 . Estimates suggest that at the current growth rate, only 23% of the burden from neurological disorders can be prevented by 2040, and within this time frame, DALYs attributable to neurological disorders are expected to increase by 50% (ref. 27). The implication of these estimates is that if efforts are not accelerated, neurological disorders will cause an even greater burden

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