Angeles. Andre plans to graduate in March 2007 and continue his computer science education at Sta... more Angeles. Andre plans to graduate in March 2007 and continue his computer science education at Stanford University. His research interests are in networking, artificial intelligence, and human-computer interaction. In addition to working on the 3i system, Andre has previous research experience with the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS), and the Embedded and Reconfigurable Systems Lab, both at UCLA.
National Center For Research on Evaluation Standards and Student Testing, Mar 1, 2009
In this report, researchers examined whether individualized multimedia-based instruction would in... more In this report, researchers examined whether individualized multimedia-based instruction would influence the development of rifle marksmanship skills in novice shooters with little or no prior rifle marksmanship experience. Forty-eight novice shooters used an M4 rifle training simulator system to shoot at an 8-inch target at a simulated distance of 200 yards. Participants received either (a) no instruction, (b) only an overview of rifle marksmanship, or (c) an overview and instruction targeted at particular skill gaps. Support was found for the idea that multimedia-based instruction can be highly effective for novices, with a large increase in shooting performance observed after 10 to 15 minutes of multimedia instruction. Subsequent individualized instruction using very short multimedia instruction appeared to be effective in shaping participants' skills toward an "ideal" state consistent with shooting doctrine.
The goal of this report was to test the use of sensor-based skill measures in evaluating performa... more The goal of this report was to test the use of sensor-based skill measures in evaluating performance differences in rifle marksmanship. Ten shots were collected from 30 novices and 9 experts. Three measures for breath control and one for trigger control were used to predict skill classification. The data were fitted with a logistic regression model using holdout validation to assess the quality of model classifications. Individually, all four measures were significant; when considered together, only three measures were significant predictors for level of expertise (p <.05). Overall percent correct in shot classification for the testing data was 90.0%, with a sensitivity of 67.5%, and 96.0% specificity.
Marksmanship training includes a combination of classroom instruction and field practice involvin... more Marksmanship training includes a combination of classroom instruction and field practice involving the instantiation of a well-defined set of sensory, motor, and cognitive skills. 10 expert marksmen and 30 novices participated in a study that measured marksman performance during simulated ballistics shooting of a M4 replica infrared rifle. Participants' physiology and performance were quantified while they completed a battery of neurocognitive tests. Experts demonstrated consistent and more accurate shot performance across all trials. Compared to novices, experts evidenced lower levels of sympathetic activation as measured by heart rate variability during the neurocognitive tasks. Factor analysis identified experts as having above normal visuospatial processing speeds and sustained attention, reflecting experts as having better performance during vigilance neurocognitive tasks. Identifying physiological metrics of experts during neurocognitive testing opens the door to individualized novice instruction to help to improve specific areas flagged as below normal during or prior to novice marksmanship instruction.
In this report, researchers examined rifle marksmanship development within a skill development fr... more In this report, researchers examined rifle marksmanship development within a skill development framework outlined by Chung, Delacruz, de Vries, Bewley, and Baker (2006). Thirty-three novice shooters used an M4 rifle training simulator system to learn to shoot an 8-inch target at a simulated distance of 200 yards. Cognitive, psychomotor, and affective measures were gathered in addition to measures of performance and component skills. Partial support was found for rifle marksmanship skill development following Ackerman's (1988) skill development theory. Support was found for the idea that known distance rifle marksmanship can transition rapidly from a learning phase to a practice phase, and that the cognitive and affective variables have a substantial influence on performance and skill development during the learning phase.
This paper reports validity evidence for the use of sensor-based skill measures in evaluating per... more This paper reports validity evidence for the use of sensor-based skill measures in evaluating performance differences in rifle marksmanship. Nagashima, Chung, Espinosa, Berka, and Baker (2009) describe four measures used to predict skill classification of expert and novice shooters for known distance rifle marksmanship, three related to breath control and one for trigger control. In this study, skill measures from seven experts and nine novices were collected and classifications were generated resulting in an overall percent correct of 75.6%, with a sensitivity of 54.3%, and 92.0% specificity.
Angeles. Andre plans to graduate in March 2007 and continue his computer science education at Sta... more Angeles. Andre plans to graduate in March 2007 and continue his computer science education at Stanford University. His research interests are in networking, artificial intelligence, and human-computer interaction. In addition to working on the 3i system, Andre has previous research experience with the Center for Embedded Networked Sensing (CENS), and the Embedded and Reconfigurable Systems Lab, both at UCLA.
National Center For Research on Evaluation Standards and Student Testing, Mar 1, 2009
In this report, researchers examined whether individualized multimedia-based instruction would in... more In this report, researchers examined whether individualized multimedia-based instruction would influence the development of rifle marksmanship skills in novice shooters with little or no prior rifle marksmanship experience. Forty-eight novice shooters used an M4 rifle training simulator system to shoot at an 8-inch target at a simulated distance of 200 yards. Participants received either (a) no instruction, (b) only an overview of rifle marksmanship, or (c) an overview and instruction targeted at particular skill gaps. Support was found for the idea that multimedia-based instruction can be highly effective for novices, with a large increase in shooting performance observed after 10 to 15 minutes of multimedia instruction. Subsequent individualized instruction using very short multimedia instruction appeared to be effective in shaping participants' skills toward an "ideal" state consistent with shooting doctrine.
The goal of this report was to test the use of sensor-based skill measures in evaluating performa... more The goal of this report was to test the use of sensor-based skill measures in evaluating performance differences in rifle marksmanship. Ten shots were collected from 30 novices and 9 experts. Three measures for breath control and one for trigger control were used to predict skill classification. The data were fitted with a logistic regression model using holdout validation to assess the quality of model classifications. Individually, all four measures were significant; when considered together, only three measures were significant predictors for level of expertise (p <.05). Overall percent correct in shot classification for the testing data was 90.0%, with a sensitivity of 67.5%, and 96.0% specificity.
Marksmanship training includes a combination of classroom instruction and field practice involvin... more Marksmanship training includes a combination of classroom instruction and field practice involving the instantiation of a well-defined set of sensory, motor, and cognitive skills. 10 expert marksmen and 30 novices participated in a study that measured marksman performance during simulated ballistics shooting of a M4 replica infrared rifle. Participants' physiology and performance were quantified while they completed a battery of neurocognitive tests. Experts demonstrated consistent and more accurate shot performance across all trials. Compared to novices, experts evidenced lower levels of sympathetic activation as measured by heart rate variability during the neurocognitive tasks. Factor analysis identified experts as having above normal visuospatial processing speeds and sustained attention, reflecting experts as having better performance during vigilance neurocognitive tasks. Identifying physiological metrics of experts during neurocognitive testing opens the door to individualized novice instruction to help to improve specific areas flagged as below normal during or prior to novice marksmanship instruction.
In this report, researchers examined rifle marksmanship development within a skill development fr... more In this report, researchers examined rifle marksmanship development within a skill development framework outlined by Chung, Delacruz, de Vries, Bewley, and Baker (2006). Thirty-three novice shooters used an M4 rifle training simulator system to learn to shoot an 8-inch target at a simulated distance of 200 yards. Cognitive, psychomotor, and affective measures were gathered in addition to measures of performance and component skills. Partial support was found for rifle marksmanship skill development following Ackerman's (1988) skill development theory. Support was found for the idea that known distance rifle marksmanship can transition rapidly from a learning phase to a practice phase, and that the cognitive and affective variables have a substantial influence on performance and skill development during the learning phase.
This paper reports validity evidence for the use of sensor-based skill measures in evaluating per... more This paper reports validity evidence for the use of sensor-based skill measures in evaluating performance differences in rifle marksmanship. Nagashima, Chung, Espinosa, Berka, and Baker (2009) describe four measures used to predict skill classification of expert and novice shooters for known distance rifle marksmanship, three related to breath control and one for trigger control. In this study, skill measures from seven experts and nine novices were collected and classifications were generated resulting in an overall percent correct of 75.6%, with a sensitivity of 54.3%, and 92.0% specificity.
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