Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship Research
Objective: This study investigated the role of resources, capabilities, entrepreneurial orientati... more Objective: This study investigated the role of resources, capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation, and stewardship on the performance of family-owned manufacturing businesses in Uganda to establish how a firm can identify the rare and valuable resources that simultaneously enable better performance levels and competitive advantage. Research Design & Methods: A qualitative study with 15 participants from six family manufacturing businesses using interviews. The transcribed data was analysed and grouped into themes. Findings: General management skills, financial management, marketing management, and technology benefits are key resources and capabilities that enhance the smooth operations of the family manufacturing businesses and play are pivotal in achieving better performance and sustainability. Secondly, it was found that proactiveness, risk management, and continuous evaluation and appraisals of their performance were practised among family-owned manufacturing businesses. Thirdl...
Despite a high unemployment rate and the unique capabilities that the Arts and Creative industry ... more Despite a high unemployment rate and the unique capabilities that the Arts and Creative industry can be of value to South Africa by stimulating job creation, Arts graduates are still reluctant to consider entrepreneurship as a viable career option, even in an environment of high job scarcity. Thus, the need to develop and transform university Arts graduates into self-sustaining entrepreneurs is more urgent than ever. It is therefore important to know what drives students' decision towards self-employment, especially in a University of Technology perspective. This descriptive survey design will utilise an adapted measure based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. A sample of 150 graduates from the Arts and Design graduates took part in the study and data collected were analysed using structural equation modelling (sem). The results indicated that subjective norm is an insignificant predictor of entrepreneurial intention compared to attitudes towards entrepreneurial behaviour and perceived entrepreneurial abilities. Attitude towards entrepreneurship as a career option and perceived entrepreneurial abilities of students' both positively influence entrepreneurial intentions. Thus, to positively influence Arts students' intention to become entrepreneurs, it is necessary to change their attitude towards entrepreneurship whilst increasing their entrepreneurial abilities. Future research is recommended to fully evaluate the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education subject components' impact on students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship, perceived entrepreneurial abilities and entrepreneurial intentions.
Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship Research
Objective: Technological advances have prompted many businesses to introduce self-service technol... more Objective: Technological advances have prompted many businesses to introduce self-service technology (SST) to improve customer waiting times and reduce operational costs. This study aims to determine the factors linked to the acceptance of self-service technology by customers at fast-service restaurants. Research Design & Methods: This research uses a quantitative method by surveying 172 customers who had visited self-service restaurants within the preceding six months. The Unified Theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) was used to determine the factors linked to the acceptance of self-service technology at quick-service restaurants. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for analysis. Findings: It was found that age and gender moderate the relationship between the construct: performance expectancy ratio and SST usage intention, effort expectancy and SST usage intention, social influence and usage intention and lastly, age moderates the relationship between...
This research aimed to engage the prevailing status that education in entrepreneurship is offered... more This research aimed to engage the prevailing status that education in entrepreneurship is offered to college students in South Africa to enhance the learning and teaching efficiency of TVET college, which should lead to motivating and preparing graduates to start their own businesses. At the time of this study (2020), the total youth unemployment rate was 40.3%. In addition, the youth graduate unemployment rate was 55.2%. It is concerning that the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college graduates face this challenge. It is significantly possible that South African TVET students will face unemployment after graduation due to the high unemployment rate and the competition in the job market from other universities. Accordingly, there is a need to transform TVET college students into entrepreneurs who can self-sustain upon completion of their studies.Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour was used to address the paucity of literature on entrepreneurial education...
This paper attempts to unravel the potential social effects of the fourth industrial revolution (... more This paper attempts to unravel the potential social effects of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) on Botswana employees. The authors investigated employees' level of awareness and preparedness for an era of full blown 4IR adoption. Utilizing purposive sampling, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 52 employees in Gaborone. This work employed the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT). The major findings of the study are: 50% of respondents confirmed their preparedness for the adoption of 4IR technologies; 48% believed that the rest of employees in their organization were prepared for 4IR; 65% said they were prepared to embrace and take advantage of the efficiencies brought about by 4IR; job roles are likely to change significantly with some roles disappearing and new roles emerging; and critical thinking, complex problem solving, innovation and digital related skills are bound to be more in demand. The outcomes of this research will serve as a wakeup call to Botswana employees, to equip themselves and future generations with requisite skills, for the changing roles. Furthermore, organizations will also use the outcomes to consider reskilling their employees accordingly. For educators, the study will encourage consideration and alignment of the curricular while in terms of and for policy formulation, it will engender reflecting on the regulatory frameworks to align them to the demands of the new era.
The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of entrepreneurship education on university... more The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of entrepreneurship education on university students' intentions towards entrepreneurship. To test this relationship and attempt to answer the research question "to what extent does University-level entrepreneurship education influence students' entrepreneurial intentions?" a conceptual model supported by the theory of Planned Behaviour was adopted. Data were gathered from 343 final year students at the University of Botswana using a validated Entrepreneurship Intention Questionnaire. The results provide evidence that all three immediate antecedents of entrepreneurial intention; attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (perceived entrepreneurial abilities) directly influence entrepreneurial intention. Participation in entrepreneurship education was observed to positively influence students' intention to become an entrepreneur by changing their attitude towards entrepreneurship and increasing their entrepreneurial abilities. The implication is that the university curriculum should be redesigned in order to stimulate an environment that is conducive for developing positive entrepreneurial attitudes and abilities. Based on the above, it is recommended that (a) entrepreneurship education subjects be offered as core subjects in the first and final years at the University of Botswana and students' assessments should incorporate linking projects with small firms, (b) the University of Botswana Business Clinic should establish a venture accelerator programme by providing seed funding and an entrepreneurship-mentorship programme. Policymakers need to understand that government initiatives will affect business formations only if these initiatives affect attitudes, entrepreneurial abilities, and subjective norms, which could motivate young people to start a promising enterprise. The objective of the promotion of entrepreneurship policy in Botswana should be to increase the number of individuals considering business start-ups through more determined entrepreneurship education initiatives.
The purpose of this article was to describe the reasons business plans of start-up ventures are r... more The purpose of this article was to describe the reasons business plans of start-up ventures are rejected by financiers in South Africa. Understanding how financiers’ evaluate new businesses, the parameters they use for screening business plans continues to attract much interest from both academics and practitioners. In reality, the ability to craft a 'bankable' business plan usually defines a business’ ability to access capital or not. This study utilized verbal protocol analysis, a 'real time' methodology. The verbalizations of respondents were noted, transcribed and then content analysed by means of a coding scheme. The sample of four potential financiers comprising of a banker, business angel, government and marketing/branding agency were selected in Gauteng, South Africa. They evaluated 15 business plans relating to clothing and textile industry and where ask to indicate reasons why they would reject a business plan. Findings suggest that unrealistic financials, entrepreneur abilities and market related issue are the main reason to why business plans get rejected. South African financier also put emphasis on job creation. Entrepreneurs should ensure that when preparing the business plan that a thorough market research has been conducted which will aid in clearly defining a market niche for the product/service, target market and competitive edge. The plan should try to emphasize how one plans to minimize or mitigate risk in the venture proposed. If an investor is convinced by an entrepreneur marketing research and penetration strategy then the investor sees they financial projections as realistic and achievable.
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review on the establishment of co... more The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review on the establishment of community-based enterprises in impoverished communities in South Africa. Sustainable enterprising is being regarded as an important panacea for poverty and other socio-economic problems in impoverished communities. For this to happen, however, people in these communities first should analyze the economic conditions of that community, determines its economic needs and then decide what can and should be done to improve the economic conditions in that community, and then move to achieve a communal agreed-upon economic goals and objectives. Meaning through community-based enterprises impoverished communities should utilize their skills in a market niche through a bottom-up approach instead of the popular top-down intervention approaches for their local economic development.
The primary purpose of the study was to develop a model for measuring entrepreneurship intentions... more The primary purpose of the study was to develop a model for measuring entrepreneurship intentions among university art students. Therefore, the study investigated and attempted to answer the following question: To what extent does entrepreneurial environment affect the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention (Attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control? A sample of 150 graduates from the Arts and Design programme took part in the study and data collected was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results provide evidence that subjective norm is an insignificant predictor of entrepreneurial intention compared to attitudes towards entrepreneurial behaviour and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Perceived environment support was observed to directly relate to future Entrepreneurial Intentions and it also mediates the relationship between Perceived University Environment, Perceived Entrepreneurial Abilities and immediate Entrepreneu...
Unlike conventional theatre, which is elitist in conception and celebrates nuances of dramatic pe... more Unlike conventional theatre, which is elitist in conception and celebrates nuances of dramatic performances in the domain of aesthetics, theatre for development (TfD) is a paradigm shift that is utilised as a functional strategy for community development in rural Africa. This is development anchored on the role of culture as an agency for education and conscientisation - functional literacy and empowerment through the development of people’s minds. To benefit from development, an appropriate communication system must evolve that concentrates on decentralisation and democratisation of the existing top-down order to give rural population access and the means to produce, distribute and share their own messages. To achieve this feat, theatre for development practitioners in Africa believe that strands of folklore must permeate TfD practice. It is thus, the intention of this paper to explore how the utilisation of folk culture has enhanced theatre’s preoccupation with development in some...
Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship Research
Objective: This study investigated the role of resources, capabilities, entrepreneurial orientati... more Objective: This study investigated the role of resources, capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation, and stewardship on the performance of family-owned manufacturing businesses in Uganda to establish how a firm can identify the rare and valuable resources that simultaneously enable better performance levels and competitive advantage. Research Design & Methods: A qualitative study with 15 participants from six family manufacturing businesses using interviews. The transcribed data was analysed and grouped into themes. Findings: General management skills, financial management, marketing management, and technology benefits are key resources and capabilities that enhance the smooth operations of the family manufacturing businesses and play are pivotal in achieving better performance and sustainability. Secondly, it was found that proactiveness, risk management, and continuous evaluation and appraisals of their performance were practised among family-owned manufacturing businesses. Thirdl...
Despite a high unemployment rate and the unique capabilities that the Arts and Creative industry ... more Despite a high unemployment rate and the unique capabilities that the Arts and Creative industry can be of value to South Africa by stimulating job creation, Arts graduates are still reluctant to consider entrepreneurship as a viable career option, even in an environment of high job scarcity. Thus, the need to develop and transform university Arts graduates into self-sustaining entrepreneurs is more urgent than ever. It is therefore important to know what drives students' decision towards self-employment, especially in a University of Technology perspective. This descriptive survey design will utilise an adapted measure based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour. A sample of 150 graduates from the Arts and Design graduates took part in the study and data collected were analysed using structural equation modelling (sem). The results indicated that subjective norm is an insignificant predictor of entrepreneurial intention compared to attitudes towards entrepreneurial behaviour and perceived entrepreneurial abilities. Attitude towards entrepreneurship as a career option and perceived entrepreneurial abilities of students' both positively influence entrepreneurial intentions. Thus, to positively influence Arts students' intention to become entrepreneurs, it is necessary to change their attitude towards entrepreneurship whilst increasing their entrepreneurial abilities. Future research is recommended to fully evaluate the effectiveness of entrepreneurship education subject components' impact on students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship, perceived entrepreneurial abilities and entrepreneurial intentions.
Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship Research
Objective: Technological advances have prompted many businesses to introduce self-service technol... more Objective: Technological advances have prompted many businesses to introduce self-service technology (SST) to improve customer waiting times and reduce operational costs. This study aims to determine the factors linked to the acceptance of self-service technology by customers at fast-service restaurants. Research Design & Methods: This research uses a quantitative method by surveying 172 customers who had visited self-service restaurants within the preceding six months. The Unified Theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) was used to determine the factors linked to the acceptance of self-service technology at quick-service restaurants. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used for analysis. Findings: It was found that age and gender moderate the relationship between the construct: performance expectancy ratio and SST usage intention, effort expectancy and SST usage intention, social influence and usage intention and lastly, age moderates the relationship between...
This research aimed to engage the prevailing status that education in entrepreneurship is offered... more This research aimed to engage the prevailing status that education in entrepreneurship is offered to college students in South Africa to enhance the learning and teaching efficiency of TVET college, which should lead to motivating and preparing graduates to start their own businesses. At the time of this study (2020), the total youth unemployment rate was 40.3%. In addition, the youth graduate unemployment rate was 55.2%. It is concerning that the Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) college graduates face this challenge. It is significantly possible that South African TVET students will face unemployment after graduation due to the high unemployment rate and the competition in the job market from other universities. Accordingly, there is a need to transform TVET college students into entrepreneurs who can self-sustain upon completion of their studies.Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour was used to address the paucity of literature on entrepreneurial education...
This paper attempts to unravel the potential social effects of the fourth industrial revolution (... more This paper attempts to unravel the potential social effects of the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) on Botswana employees. The authors investigated employees' level of awareness and preparedness for an era of full blown 4IR adoption. Utilizing purposive sampling, a self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a sample of 52 employees in Gaborone. This work employed the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model (UTAUT). The major findings of the study are: 50% of respondents confirmed their preparedness for the adoption of 4IR technologies; 48% believed that the rest of employees in their organization were prepared for 4IR; 65% said they were prepared to embrace and take advantage of the efficiencies brought about by 4IR; job roles are likely to change significantly with some roles disappearing and new roles emerging; and critical thinking, complex problem solving, innovation and digital related skills are bound to be more in demand. The outcomes of this research will serve as a wakeup call to Botswana employees, to equip themselves and future generations with requisite skills, for the changing roles. Furthermore, organizations will also use the outcomes to consider reskilling their employees accordingly. For educators, the study will encourage consideration and alignment of the curricular while in terms of and for policy formulation, it will engender reflecting on the regulatory frameworks to align them to the demands of the new era.
The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of entrepreneurship education on university... more The purpose of this research was to assess the impact of entrepreneurship education on university students' intentions towards entrepreneurship. To test this relationship and attempt to answer the research question "to what extent does University-level entrepreneurship education influence students' entrepreneurial intentions?" a conceptual model supported by the theory of Planned Behaviour was adopted. Data were gathered from 343 final year students at the University of Botswana using a validated Entrepreneurship Intention Questionnaire. The results provide evidence that all three immediate antecedents of entrepreneurial intention; attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control (perceived entrepreneurial abilities) directly influence entrepreneurial intention. Participation in entrepreneurship education was observed to positively influence students' intention to become an entrepreneur by changing their attitude towards entrepreneurship and increasing their entrepreneurial abilities. The implication is that the university curriculum should be redesigned in order to stimulate an environment that is conducive for developing positive entrepreneurial attitudes and abilities. Based on the above, it is recommended that (a) entrepreneurship education subjects be offered as core subjects in the first and final years at the University of Botswana and students' assessments should incorporate linking projects with small firms, (b) the University of Botswana Business Clinic should establish a venture accelerator programme by providing seed funding and an entrepreneurship-mentorship programme. Policymakers need to understand that government initiatives will affect business formations only if these initiatives affect attitudes, entrepreneurial abilities, and subjective norms, which could motivate young people to start a promising enterprise. The objective of the promotion of entrepreneurship policy in Botswana should be to increase the number of individuals considering business start-ups through more determined entrepreneurship education initiatives.
The purpose of this article was to describe the reasons business plans of start-up ventures are r... more The purpose of this article was to describe the reasons business plans of start-up ventures are rejected by financiers in South Africa. Understanding how financiers’ evaluate new businesses, the parameters they use for screening business plans continues to attract much interest from both academics and practitioners. In reality, the ability to craft a 'bankable' business plan usually defines a business’ ability to access capital or not. This study utilized verbal protocol analysis, a 'real time' methodology. The verbalizations of respondents were noted, transcribed and then content analysed by means of a coding scheme. The sample of four potential financiers comprising of a banker, business angel, government and marketing/branding agency were selected in Gauteng, South Africa. They evaluated 15 business plans relating to clothing and textile industry and where ask to indicate reasons why they would reject a business plan. Findings suggest that unrealistic financials, entrepreneur abilities and market related issue are the main reason to why business plans get rejected. South African financier also put emphasis on job creation. Entrepreneurs should ensure that when preparing the business plan that a thorough market research has been conducted which will aid in clearly defining a market niche for the product/service, target market and competitive edge. The plan should try to emphasize how one plans to minimize or mitigate risk in the venture proposed. If an investor is convinced by an entrepreneur marketing research and penetration strategy then the investor sees they financial projections as realistic and achievable.
The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review on the establishment of co... more The purpose of this paper is to conduct a systematic literature review on the establishment of community-based enterprises in impoverished communities in South Africa. Sustainable enterprising is being regarded as an important panacea for poverty and other socio-economic problems in impoverished communities. For this to happen, however, people in these communities first should analyze the economic conditions of that community, determines its economic needs and then decide what can and should be done to improve the economic conditions in that community, and then move to achieve a communal agreed-upon economic goals and objectives. Meaning through community-based enterprises impoverished communities should utilize their skills in a market niche through a bottom-up approach instead of the popular top-down intervention approaches for their local economic development.
The primary purpose of the study was to develop a model for measuring entrepreneurship intentions... more The primary purpose of the study was to develop a model for measuring entrepreneurship intentions among university art students. Therefore, the study investigated and attempted to answer the following question: To what extent does entrepreneurial environment affect the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention (Attitude towards entrepreneurship, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control? A sample of 150 graduates from the Arts and Design programme took part in the study and data collected was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results provide evidence that subjective norm is an insignificant predictor of entrepreneurial intention compared to attitudes towards entrepreneurial behaviour and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Perceived environment support was observed to directly relate to future Entrepreneurial Intentions and it also mediates the relationship between Perceived University Environment, Perceived Entrepreneurial Abilities and immediate Entrepreneu...
Unlike conventional theatre, which is elitist in conception and celebrates nuances of dramatic pe... more Unlike conventional theatre, which is elitist in conception and celebrates nuances of dramatic performances in the domain of aesthetics, theatre for development (TfD) is a paradigm shift that is utilised as a functional strategy for community development in rural Africa. This is development anchored on the role of culture as an agency for education and conscientisation - functional literacy and empowerment through the development of people’s minds. To benefit from development, an appropriate communication system must evolve that concentrates on decentralisation and democratisation of the existing top-down order to give rural population access and the means to produce, distribute and share their own messages. To achieve this feat, theatre for development practitioners in Africa believe that strands of folklore must permeate TfD practice. It is thus, the intention of this paper to explore how the utilisation of folk culture has enhanced theatre’s preoccupation with development in some...
Uploads
Papers by Patrick Ebewo