In the past century, the Earth's climate has warmed by approximately 0.6 o C, while the ecologica... more In the past century, the Earth's climate has warmed by approximately 0.6 o C, while the ecological responses to recent climate change are attracting increasing attention. Climate warming has a direct impact on land surface temperature (LST), thus speeding up the thaw of permafrost, which subsequently affects soil organic matter degradation, hydrology, and the carbon budget (Lawrence and Slater 2005; Zanobetti and Schwartz 2008; Zimov et al. 2006). Air temperature measurement is of great importance for epidemiological studies. Kloog et al. (2012) revealed that there is a correlation between variation of ambient minimum air temperature and human morbidity and mortality, especially with regard to cardiovascular diseases. Knowledge of the current temperatures in all parts of the atmosphere is crucial for weather forecasting and thermal climate assessments in urban areas. Air temperature is one of the most sensitive indicators of the dynamical and physical processes in the atmosphere. It is affected by interactions between air and land or ocean, by the radiation received from the Sun and emitted by the atmosphere and the Earth's surface, by chemical interactions (particularly in the upper atmosphere), by changes in the state of water from gas to liquid and ice, and vice versa, and by upward and downward motion of energy (Zhou et al. 2020).
In the past century, the Earth's climate has warmed by approximately 0.6 o C, while the ecologica... more In the past century, the Earth's climate has warmed by approximately 0.6 o C, while the ecological responses to recent climate change are attracting increasing attention. Climate warming has a direct impact on land surface temperature (LST), thus speeding up the thaw of permafrost, which subsequently affects soil organic matter degradation, hydrology, and the carbon budget (Lawrence and Slater 2005; Zanobetti and Schwartz 2008; Zimov et al. 2006). Air temperature measurement is of great importance for epidemiological studies. Kloog et al. (2012) revealed that there is a correlation between variation of ambient minimum air temperature and human morbidity and mortality, especially with regard to cardiovascular diseases. Knowledge of the current temperatures in all parts of the atmosphere is crucial for weather forecasting and thermal climate assessments in urban areas. Air temperature is one of the most sensitive indicators of the dynamical and physical processes in the atmosphere. It is affected by interactions between air and land or ocean, by the radiation received from the Sun and emitted by the atmosphere and the Earth's surface, by chemical interactions (particularly in the upper atmosphere), by changes in the state of water from gas to liquid and ice, and vice versa, and by upward and downward motion of energy (Zhou et al. 2020).
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