Papers by Patricia Shanley
Encyclopedia of Environment and Society, 2007
BOIS & FORETS DES TROPIQUES, Dec 1, 2004
Ecology and Society, 2006
In the lower Tocantins region of Brazil, one Amazonian woman questioned why scientists publish pr... more In the lower Tocantins region of Brazil, one Amazonian woman questioned why scientists publish principally for elite audiences. Her experience suggests that the impact may be enhanced by also sharing data with people who depend upon forest goods. Having defended her family homestead near the city of Cameta against loggers in the late 1980s, Glória Gaia became interested in strengthening the information base of other villagers so that they would not lose their forests for meager sums. She challenged scientists to defy norms such as extracting data without giving back to rural villagers and publishing primarily for the privileged. Working with researchers, she helped them to publish an illustrated manual of the ecology, economics, management, and cultural importance of key Amazonian forest species. With and without funds or a formal project, she traveled by foot and boat to remote villages to disseminate the book. Using data, stories, and song, she brought cautionary messages to villages about the impacts of logging on livelihoods. She also brought locally useful processing techniques regarding medicinal plants, fruit, and tree oils. Her holistic teachings challenged traditional forestry to include the management of fruits, fibers, and medicines. A new version of the book, requested by the government of Brazil, contains the contributions of 90 leading Brazilian and international scientists and local people. Glória Gaia's story raises the questions: Who is science for and how can science reach disenfranchised populations? Lessons for scientists and practitioners from Glória's story include: broadening the range of products from research to reach local people, complementing local ecological knowledge with scientific data, sharing precautionary data demonstrating trends, and involving women and marginalized people in the research and outreach process.
Economic Botany, Apr 1, 2004
Responding to the decline of game, fruit and fiber post-logging, communities along the Capim Rive... more Responding to the decline of game, fruit and fiber post-logging, communities along the Capim River in Pará, Brazil, requested that research be initiated into the value of non-timber forest products. As a first step, an ethnobotanical inventory of one hectare of mature terra firme forest was conducted. The percentage use-values described reflect that Capimenses are knowledgeable about the use of
DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals), Aug 1, 2011
Earthscan Publications, London, UK eBooks, Nov 24, 2002
To enhance the latter" efforts are underway to make community#based and sustainably produced NTFP... more To enhance the latter" efforts are underway to make community#based and sustainably produced NTFPs more recognisable as such" both in domestic markets" as well as overseas! This publication" Riches of the forest: Food" spices" crafts and resins of Asia" apart from being entertaining to read" may help you as a demanding consumer" to make more informed choices while shopping around next time! Jenne de Beer Field Coordinator NTFP Exchange Programme South and Southeast Asia (EP) Foreword Did you ever wonder where the raw material used for manufacturing incense sticks comes from" the bark pulp used to make handmade paper" or the ingredients of certain luxury botanical products # like cardamom oil and the fragrances of elegant perfumes? Within this small volume you will find the stories of various products that are linked to the forests and will learn more about the people who gather and process the raw materials to make them" in many different parts of South East Asia! The natural bounty of trees" shrubs and even insects is harvested within forests" on farmlands" in caves or along river banks! These raw materials-like fruits" nuts" bark and wood" just to name a few # are then processed and traded both locally" and to various places around the world! South East Asia has a long history of trade in resins" oils and condiments # products that have enchanted the senses of people in Europe for generations and have enriched the lives of those both within and outside of Asia! In many cases" such trade began centuries ago and has continued until the present day" although over time" the use of some products has changed! For example" originally used for its captivating fragrance" damar resin is now used as a natural gum for industrial products such as paint! The fruit rind of uppage trees in India" traditionally used as a condiment" has found a new use as an active component in weight loss pills! Other luxury forest goods" such as sandalwood and birds' nest soup" traditionally used only by the elite classes" are nowadays enjoyed by many people throughout the world! Preface ix Not only have the uses and users changed" but also the ways of managing" transporting and trading forest goods! Some plant and animal products such as durian" benzoin" damar and honey are now not only collected in forests but are also managed in home gardens" farms and in agroforestry systems! The modes of transporting products to market have also changed! Centuries ago" many months and years would elapse while traveling across the seas from Asia to Europe and back again! By contrast today" mushrooms collected in the morning from Chinese forests can be eaten in Japanese restaurants later that same evening! Birds' nests collected in dark" slippery caves in the far reaches of Indonesia are sold in China" and bark collected in Laos from tout tiang shrubs is found on incense sticks marketed in London shops! The trade in various South East Asian forest products includes stories of both growth and decline! During the last two decades" steadily increasing demand for some products" such as mushrooms and woodcarvings" has been a catalyst for over#harvesting! A healthy response on the part of some collectors has been to begin planting useful species and to better manage naturally occurring populations! This is the case in Laos" for the paper mulberry tree" and in India" for cardamom and also" tendu leaves for wrapping cigarettes! In such instances" harvesters are working to ensure that there will be a constant and secure supply to meet future needs! From their point of collection until their arrival in shops" where consumers buy them" forest goods pass through many hard#working hands! Of all the beneficiaries" the harvesters of forest resources usually obtain the least financial return! However" for many people living in or near the forests" the cash return is only one of a wide range of benefits obtained from forests! Many of the products that they gather on a regular basis for their families (such as forest fruits" honey and rattan)" also provide essential sources of food" medicine and shelter! In spite of modern marketing and processing" many people throughout the world continue to collect plants directly from nature for free! The next time you taste a spicy dish" sip aromatic tea or whiff the smoke of a kretak cigarette" recall the people and the forests which have helped to make these products and pleasures a possibility! The volume in your hands is one of the products of the researchers' collaborative efforts! The ,) researchers involved in the Asian case studies explain how a selection of forest resources are harvested" processed and traded! Consumers generally go to markets" stores and bazaars" choosing and buying food and goods like decorative or beauty products without knowing much" if anything" about the history of these products or the people involved in their collection and sale! This comes at a time when forest cover worldwide is decreasing rapidly" and forest#reliant communities are having to respond to enormous changes! What can we learn from people who carve out a living harvesting forest products? And how can our buying patterns affect or assist them? The case studies This volume brings to life ,' case studies featuring forest plants" animals and fungi! The botanical cases are presented according to the main part of the plant being used # the fruit" bark or resin! Sometimes the plants have multiple uses" or different cultures may use the same part of a particular plant in different ways! Animals and animal products that require forest habitat are also critical for rural livelihoods" and are represented in this volume by edible birds' nests and insect larvae! In each case" the contributors describe the main characteristics of the forest product" its historical usage" harvesting and management" and how it is processed and traded! In closing" each author comments briefly on trends and current issues regarding the resource! The final chapter reviews common themes and lessons that can be drawn from these cases! * Throughout the following cases" the symbol * denotes words for which definitions can be found in the glossary" at the end of the book! * At the start of each case" you will notice the scientific names of the different forest plants (and animals) that are profiled! A full explanation about the use of botanical and scientific names can also be found in the glossary!-Uppage" fruit rind Indian case by Nitin Rai Garcinia gummi#gutta (L!) Robson governments, international development organizations, private foundations and regional organizations. In 2002, CIFOR received financial support from the African Timber Organization,
Species profiles were gathered from non-timber forest product (NTFP) researchers around the globe... more Species profiles were gathered from non-timber forest product (NTFP) researchers around the globe. While not exhaustive, the profiles, taken as a whole, provide a glimpse into the diverse, complex and idiosyncratic universe that is encompassed by the term ‘NTFP’. The profiles vary widely in content and style and reflect the views of the individual researchers, the state of information regarding the species and the historic and present use and management of the plant
To enhance the latter" efforts are underway to make community#based and sustainably produced NTFP... more To enhance the latter" efforts are underway to make community#based and sustainably produced NTFPs more recognisable as such" both in domestic markets" as well as overseas! This publication" Riches of the forest: Food" spices" crafts and resins of Asia" apart from being entertaining to read" may help you as a demanding consumer" to make more informed choices while shopping around next time! Jenne de Beer Field Coordinator NTFP Exchange Programme South and Southeast Asia (EP) Foreword Did you ever wonder where the raw material used for manufacturing incense sticks comes from" the bark pulp used to make handmade paper" or the ingredients of certain luxury botanical products # like cardamom oil and the fragrances of elegant perfumes? Within this small volume you will find the stories of various products that are linked to the forests and will learn more about the people who gather and process the raw materials to make them" in many different parts of South East Asia! The natural bounty of trees" shrubs and even insects is harvested within forests" on farmlands" in caves or along river banks! These raw materials-like fruits" nuts" bark and wood" just to name a few # are then processed and traded both locally" and to various places around the world! South East Asia has a long history of trade in resins" oils and condiments # products that have enchanted the senses of people in Europe for generations and have enriched the lives of those both within and outside of Asia! In many cases" such trade began centuries ago and has continued until the present day" although over time" the use of some products has changed! For example" originally used for its captivating fragrance" damar resin is now used as a natural gum for industrial products such as paint! The fruit rind of uppage trees in India" traditionally used as a condiment" has found a new use as an active component in weight loss pills! Other luxury forest goods" such as sandalwood and birds' nest soup" traditionally used only by the elite classes" are nowadays enjoyed by many people throughout the world! Preface ix Not only have the uses and users changed" but also the ways of managing" transporting and trading forest goods! Some plant and animal products such as durian" benzoin" damar and honey are now not only collected in forests but are also managed in home gardens" farms and in agroforestry systems! The modes of transporting products to market have also changed! Centuries ago" many months and years would elapse while traveling across the seas from Asia to Europe and back again! By contrast today" mushrooms collected in the morning from Chinese forests can be eaten in Japanese restaurants later that same evening! Birds' nests collected in dark" slippery caves in the far reaches of Indonesia are sold in China" and bark collected in Laos from tout tiang shrubs is found on incense sticks marketed in London shops! The trade in various South East Asian forest products includes stories of both growth and decline! During the last two decades" steadily increasing demand for some products" such as mushrooms and woodcarvings" has been a catalyst for over#harvesting! A healthy response on the part of some collectors has been to begin planting useful species and to better manage naturally occurring populations! This is the case in Laos" for the paper mulberry tree" and in India" for cardamom and also" tendu leaves for wrapping cigarettes! In such instances" harvesters are working to ensure that there will be a constant and secure supply to meet future needs! From their point of collection until their arrival in shops" where consumers buy them" forest goods pass through many hard#working hands! Of all the beneficiaries" the harvesters of forest resources usually obtain the least financial return! However" for many people living in or near the forests" the cash return is only one of a wide range of benefits obtained from forests! Many of the products that they gather on a regular basis for their families (such as forest fruits" honey and rattan)" also provide essential sources of food" medicine and shelter! In spite of modern marketing and processing" many people throughout the world continue to collect plants directly from nature for free! The next time you taste a spicy dish" sip aromatic tea or whiff the smoke of a kretak cigarette" recall the people and the forests which have helped to make these products and pleasures a possibility! The volume in your hands is one of the products of the researchers' collaborative efforts! The ,) researchers involved in the Asian case studies explain how a selection of forest resources are harvested" processed and traded! Consumers generally go to markets" stores and bazaars" choosing and buying food and goods like decorative or beauty products without knowing much" if anything" about the history of these products or the people involved in their collection and sale! This comes at a time when forest cover worldwide is decreasing rapidly" and forest#reliant communities are having to respond to enormous changes! What can we learn from people who carve out a living harvesting forest products? And how can our buying patterns affect or assist them? The case studies This volume brings to life ,' case studies featuring forest plants" animals and fungi! The botanical cases are presented according to the main part of the plant being used # the fruit" bark or resin! Sometimes the plants have multiple uses" or different cultures may use the same part of a particular plant in different ways! Animals and animal products that require forest habitat are also critical for rural livelihoods" and are represented in this volume by edible birds' nests and insect larvae! In each case" the contributors describe the main characteristics of the forest product" its historical usage" harvesting and management" and how it is processed and traded! In closing" each author comments briefly on trends and current issues regarding the resource! The final chapter reviews common themes and lessons that can be drawn from these cases! * Throughout the following cases" the symbol * denotes words for which definitions can be found in the glossary" at the end of the book! * At the start of each case" you will notice the scientific names of the different forest plants (and animals) that are profiled! A full explanation about the use of botanical and scientific names can also be found in the glossary!-Uppage" fruit rind Indian case by Nitin Rai Garcinia gummi#gutta (L!) Robson governments, international development organizations, private foundations and regional organizations. In 2002, CIFOR received financial support from the African Timber Organization,
Os produtos f lorestais nãomadeireiros (PFNMs), como frutas, sementes, fibras e óleos, têm grande... more Os produtos f lorestais nãomadeireiros (PFNMs), como frutas, sementes, fibras e óleos, têm grande importância na cultura mundial, além de ter uma demanda crescente para abastecer diversos setores da indústria com matérias-primas. A certificação f lorestal é um instrumento de mercado que v i s a e s t i m u l a r o m a n e j o sustentavel de valores múltiplos da f loresta. E st e l i v r o a n a l i s a a certificação de PFNMs sob os aspectos ecólogicos, socioeconômicos e legais, usando estudos
Forest reforms being undertaken in Asia, Africa and Latin America, while paying lip service to eq... more Forest reforms being undertaken in Asia, Africa and Latin America, while paying lip service to equitable treatment for men and women, perpetuate arrangements that favour men. Women often have little voice in forest governance. Even equal numbers of women and men do not necessarily equate to an equal voice and just outcomes for women. Although it is generally assumed that equitable participation of men and women in forest governance improves the way forests are managed and the livelihoods of those depending on forest resources. This brief is based on the findings of empirical research in East Africa and Latin America (Sun et al. 2011), on the effects of reforms in forest tenure on tribal women in Rajasthan (Bose 2011) and a case study of a social movement working to make women's voices heard on forest issues in Brazil (Shanley et al. 2011). Forest reforms, property rights and access to forest resources Secure rights of access and use of forest resources for forest-dependent communities offers a strong foundation for good governance, improved livelihoods, better forest management and conservation (White and Martin 2002). The extent to which women's concerns are addressed in policies to reform forest tenure and manage forests varies as do the outcomes for women and for forests. Forestdependent women seldom have secure title to forest lots or secure access to forest resources. Property rights in forests range from vast areas vested to indigenous communities to rights to share revenues from timber (Larson et al. 2010). These rights are often not only about property or ownership title but about rights Forests Gender, property rights and access
Capítulo 4 Pecaríes (Tayassu tajacu y Tayassu pecari) en Perú y su opción para una producción sil... more Capítulo 4 Pecaríes (Tayassu tajacu y Tayassu pecari) en Perú y su opción para una producción silvo pecuaria 63 Carlos Cornejo Arana iv Capítulo 5 Cosechando lo que cae: La economía de la castaña (Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K.) en la Amazonía boliviana Dietmar Stoian Capítulo 6 Todo lo que sube tiene que bajar: La economía del palmito (Euterpe precatoria Mart.) en el norte amazónico de Bolivia Dietmar Stoian Capítulo 7 Palmito (Euterpe edulis Martius) na Mata Atlântica Brasileira: Um recurso em declínio Alfredo Celso Fantini, Raymond Paul Guries e Ronaldo José Ribeiro Capítulo 8 A palmeira babaçu (Orbignya phalerata Martius) e sua exploração na região dos cocais, Maranhão, nordeste do Brasil Claudio Urbano B. Pinheiro Capítulo 9 Sub-utilização da pupunha (Bactris Gasipaes Kunth) na Amazônia Central: História, cadeia de produção, e implicações para o desenvolvimento e conservação Charles R. Clement e Johannes van Leeuwen Capítulo 10 Bacuri (Platonia Insignis Martius): O fruto Amazônico que virou ouro Gabriel Medina e Socorro Ferreira Capítulo 11 A fruta do pobre se torna lucrativa: a Endopleura uchi Cuatrec. em áreas manejadas próximo a Belém, Brasil
CIFOR, Bogor, Indonesia eBooks, Nov 24, 2004
Beyond Timber xv First, we would like to thank the many contributors in Africa, Asia and Latin Am... more Beyond Timber xv First, we would like to thank the many contributors in Africa, Asia and Latin America, who took the time to analyze their case studies and to share the complexities and potential benefits of NTFP certification presented in this volume. We would also like to thank USAID, Brazil, and particularly Eric Stoner, for his support to have the book translated and printed in both English and Spanish. In Brazil, Imaflora and Natura offered valuable support and contributed useful experiences and case studies. Michael Jenkins of Forest Trends initiated the project that led to this book and Augusta Molnar, of the Rights and Resources Group, offered helpful direction. At CIFOR, Bruce Campbell and David Kaimowitz encouraged critical analysis of NTFP certification. Excellent editorial and layout assistance was given by Gideon Suharyanto and Catur Wahyu. We are also grateful to Trilby MacDonald and Citlalli Lopez who coordinated the Portuguese and Spanish translations.
Earthscan Publications, London, UK eBooks, Nov 24, 2002
Given the importance of non-timber forest resources to subsistence livelihoods, the increased rat... more Given the importance of non-timber forest resources to subsistence livelihoods, the increased rate of logging in Amazonia, and the pronounced overlap of timber and non-timber species, it is important to evaluate the altered composition and abundance of NTFPs. In this changing landscape, it is vital to understand which species are widely utilized for their non-timber value, which NTFPs species are extracted for timber and what their comparative timber and non-timber value is. To answer these questions, quantitative and qualitative results of a seven-year study are provided on the use of plant and animal forest resources by 30 households residing in an area of terra firme (upland dry) forest undergoing selective logging.
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Papers by Patricia Shanley