Seed resistance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to bruchids at the F, plant generation was... more Seed resistance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to bruchids at the F, plant generation was assessed by various methods. The most discriminating variable for measurement of seed resistance was mean emergence day, followed by percentage of adult emergence up to an optimum time, then in descending order, percentage of undamaged seed, mean number of holes per seed and percentage loss in seed height.
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the third most important grain legume worldwide, and the increasing dem... more Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the third most important grain legume worldwide, and the increasing demand for protein-rich raw material has led to a great interest in this crop as a protein source. Seed yield and protein content in crops are strongly determined by nitrogen (N) nutrition, which in legumes relies on two complementary pathways: absorption by roots of soil mineral nitrogen, and Wxation in nodules of atmospheric dinitrogen through the plant-Rhizobium symbiosis. This study assessed the potential of naturally occurring genetic variability of nodulated root structure and functioning traits to improve N nutrition in pea. Glasshouse and Weld experiments were performed on seven pea genotypes and on the 'Cameor' £ 'Ballet' population of recombinant inbred lines selected on the basis of parental contrast for root and nodule traits. SigniWcant variation was observed for most traits, which were obtained from non-destructive kinetic measurements of nodulated root and shoot in pouches, root and shoot image analysis, 15 N quantiWcation, or seed yield and protein content determination. A signiWcant positive relationship was found between nodule establishment and root system growth, both among the seven genotypes and the RIL population. Moreover, several quantitative trait loci for root or nodule traits and seed N accumulation were mapped in similar locations, highlighting the possibility of breeding new pea cultivars with increased root system size, sustained nodule number, and improved N nutrition. The impact on both root or nodule traits and N nutrition of the genomic regions of the major developmental genes Le and Af was also underlined.
Legume seeds are a major source of dietary proteins for humans and animals. Deciphering the genet... more Legume seeds are a major source of dietary proteins for humans and animals. Deciphering the genetic control of their accumulation is thus of primary significance towards their improvement. At first, we analysed the genetic variability of the pea seed proteome of three genotypes over 3 years of cultivation. This revealed that seed protein composition variability was under predominant genetic control, with as much as 60% of the spots varying quantitatively among the three genotypes. Then, by combining proteomic and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping approaches, we uncovered the genetic architecture of seed proteome variability. Protein quantity loci (PQL) were searched for 525 spots detected on 2-D gels obtained for 157 recombinant inbred lines. Most protein quantity loci mapped in clusters, suggesting that the accumulation of the major storage protein families was under the control of a limited number of loci. While convicilin accumulation was mainly under the control of cis-regulatory regions, vicilins and legumins were controlled by both cis- and trans-regulatory regions. Some loci controlled both seed protein composition and protein content and a locus on LGIIa appears to be a major regulator of protein composition and of protein in vitro digestibility.
Seed resistance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to bruchids at the F, plant generation was... more Seed resistance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) to bruchids at the F, plant generation was assessed by various methods. The most discriminating variable for measurement of seed resistance was mean emergence day, followed by percentage of adult emergence up to an optimum time, then in descending order, percentage of undamaged seed, mean number of holes per seed and percentage loss in seed height.
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the third most important grain legume worldwide, and the increasing dem... more Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is the third most important grain legume worldwide, and the increasing demand for protein-rich raw material has led to a great interest in this crop as a protein source. Seed yield and protein content in crops are strongly determined by nitrogen (N) nutrition, which in legumes relies on two complementary pathways: absorption by roots of soil mineral nitrogen, and Wxation in nodules of atmospheric dinitrogen through the plant-Rhizobium symbiosis. This study assessed the potential of naturally occurring genetic variability of nodulated root structure and functioning traits to improve N nutrition in pea. Glasshouse and Weld experiments were performed on seven pea genotypes and on the 'Cameor' £ 'Ballet' population of recombinant inbred lines selected on the basis of parental contrast for root and nodule traits. SigniWcant variation was observed for most traits, which were obtained from non-destructive kinetic measurements of nodulated root and shoot in pouches, root and shoot image analysis, 15 N quantiWcation, or seed yield and protein content determination. A signiWcant positive relationship was found between nodule establishment and root system growth, both among the seven genotypes and the RIL population. Moreover, several quantitative trait loci for root or nodule traits and seed N accumulation were mapped in similar locations, highlighting the possibility of breeding new pea cultivars with increased root system size, sustained nodule number, and improved N nutrition. The impact on both root or nodule traits and N nutrition of the genomic regions of the major developmental genes Le and Af was also underlined.
Legume seeds are a major source of dietary proteins for humans and animals. Deciphering the genet... more Legume seeds are a major source of dietary proteins for humans and animals. Deciphering the genetic control of their accumulation is thus of primary significance towards their improvement. At first, we analysed the genetic variability of the pea seed proteome of three genotypes over 3 years of cultivation. This revealed that seed protein composition variability was under predominant genetic control, with as much as 60% of the spots varying quantitatively among the three genotypes. Then, by combining proteomic and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping approaches, we uncovered the genetic architecture of seed proteome variability. Protein quantity loci (PQL) were searched for 525 spots detected on 2-D gels obtained for 157 recombinant inbred lines. Most protein quantity loci mapped in clusters, suggesting that the accumulation of the major storage protein families was under the control of a limited number of loci. While convicilin accumulation was mainly under the control of cis-regulatory regions, vicilins and legumins were controlled by both cis- and trans-regulatory regions. Some loci controlled both seed protein composition and protein content and a locus on LGIIa appears to be a major regulator of protein composition and of protein in vitro digestibility.
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Papers by Pascal Marget