Aeroponics is a soilless method of growing plants in air with the assistance of water vapor or mi... more Aeroponics is a soilless method of growing plants in air with the assistance of water vapor or mist environment, using an enriched nutrient solution sprayed as a mist, in order to attain faster plant growth. One of the key ideas behind aeroponics is to keep the growth environment pest- and disease-free, so that the plants can grow faster and healthier. In this paper, we propose an automated aeroponics system in which we use sensors for measuring the temperature, humidity, pH value of water, and the light exposure in the environment where plants are grown. An LED grow light is used as source of light for photosynthesis instead of sunlight. The key irrigation apparatus is spray jet which is used to spray nutrient-mixed mist directly to the dense root system. The temperature sensor will sense the temperature of the environment, and if it exceeds beyond the threshold value, the cooling/ventilation system will compensate for it. Similarly, for humidity, the spray jet and a dehumidifier are used to stabilize the environment. The pH control mechanism will keep the pH value around 6.0. We are incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) for continuous monitoring of data, data analysis, and data logging. Data from each sensor are collected at regular intervals of time and are uploaded to a cloud for monitoring, followed by data analysis, for increased productivity. This data can be used to streamline the automation process, and also for other users to increase crop yield.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
Automotive industry is continuously focusing on developing weight efficient engines for better fu... more Automotive industry is continuously focusing on developing weight efficient engines for better fuel economy without altering engine performance. To achieve a trade-off between performance and fuel economy, the design always demands downsizing of engine components with optimum geometry. Crankshaft is such an important component in deciding engine performance and overall weight. Torsional and bending stiffness of crankshaft plays a vital role in its structural integrity, particularly the Critical Cross Section (CCS) which connects main journal and crankpin. In the present study, the objective is to upgrade the crankshaft for higher torsional and bending stiffness and reduce weight without changing its performance. Three geometric shape factors of the crankshaft are identified and optimized in FEA and analyzed in AVL Excite® (1-D) simulation for its structural performance. Study shows the identification of shape factors and effect of their variation on torsional and bending stiffness o...
The global character of modern economic activity demands that translation moves into centre stage... more The global character of modern economic activity demands that translation moves into centre stage from the wigs. Traditional non-literary translation lacks professionalism: The emphasis in such international bodies as the UNO is on interpretation; in the commercial world, most translators got into translating by accident rather than choice. There has been a revolution in the field of commercial translation in the last ten years. A professionally equipped manpower now works with machines that assure speed, consistency, machine-readability and customer-satisfaction.
JL3T ( Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching)
Linguistic identity is the common bond that people share when they can understand each other in t... more Linguistic identity is the common bond that people share when they can understand each other in their native tongues, even if they share no other common heritage. Linguistic identity gets trickier when you’re talking about two people who may share linguistic bonds but come from mutually hostile ethnic groups. With racial and ethnic identity, linguistic identity does not exist in isolation; it is frequently yet one more facet of how a person identifies. There’s what we might call “reverse linguistic identity.” As Boas demonstrated over a century ago, everyone has at least three independent identities: race (in the traditional, not the anthropological sense), culture, and language. Language (or linguistic) identity take to mean the speech community with which someone is identified. This is probably always a historical phenomenon, either of birth or of personal choice. Most subjects to personal choice are culture and language, for instance, a given person identifies with, or belongs ...
The collective contribution of all the language studies over the last one hundred years has provi... more The collective contribution of all the language studies over the last one hundred years has provided a convincing evidence that Indian is unique in terms of its language diversity, nature and spread of multilingualism, rich and varied socio-cultural history and heritage, literary output, interlingua exchange, and common linguistic and sociolinguistic languages features across a large number of languages of different language families. The maintenance and coexistence of a large number of languages and speech verities is a living testimony of the vast language heritage of India and its more than two thousand years old tradition of multilingualism. The scholars have recognized the diversity, complexity, and unity of languages, of India and rightly characterized India as a linguistic area, a sociolinguistic giant, a vast laboratory for linguistic change, borrowing adaptation, inter-lingual exchange, and cross cultural understanding and enrichment. The Language Information Services of India (LIS-India) was conceived and to provide information regarding language and dialects planned across the length and breadth of the country. In terms of its coverage of content and languages, it was envisaged to provide answers to most questions that one would like to ask about any or all the Indian languages including English-their grammar, history, functions, scripts, the number of speakers and their spread including PAGE 1
This chapter provides a description of folklores as well as the proverbs and idioms, which are be... more This chapter provides a description of folklores as well as the proverbs and idioms, which are being used freely in the western dialects of Hindi. They are being used in the folk literature in the form of symbols for denoting culture and ethnic diversity of that particular area and region. Attempt has also been made to classify the use of folklore and proverbs in terms of gender.
The eleven vowels of standard Hindi (Khari Boli) can, for purpose of exposition, be divided into ... more The eleven vowels of standard Hindi (Khari Boli) can, for purpose of exposition, be divided into six "simple" vowels (a,ā,i,ī,u,ū,), an "r-like" vowel (r), and four "complex" vowels (e, ai, o, au). The four "simple" vowels (a, ā,i,u) should pose few problems for English speakers, corresponding closely to the vowels in American English bun, fond, hit, and foot respectively. The sounds ī and ū approximate the vowels of English feet and boot, but without the noticeable diphthongal quality of the pronounciation of these English vowels.
As an Indo-Aryan language, Hindi is a branch of the Indo-European family of languages, and thus i... more As an Indo-Aryan language, Hindi is a branch of the Indo-European family of languages, and thus is a distant cousin of English, French, Greek, Russian, Spanish and other Indo-European languages. The name "Hindi" is a Persian word referring to the people who lived in the Sindhu river area. Later the word was used as a name for the language spoken around Delhi. This language has been called by other names, such as Hindus, Hindui and Hindustani. Hindi and Urdu are variants of the same language, which in its common spoken form, used to be called Hindustani. Hindi is written in the Devanagri script derived from one of the scripts used to write Sanskrit, while Urdu is written in a modified version of the Persian script, itself derived from the Arabic script. Along with Urdu, Hindi has been the dominant language of modern India and has had an impact on other Aryan and non-Aryan languages spoken in the country. Today it is spoken in most of India. In terms of the total number of speakers, it ranks third in the world after Chinese and English. The percentage of the population of India that speaks Hindi is growing, and ranges upwards from 45%. Large language communities outside of India, including Nepal,
Professor of Sociolinguistics Certificate This is to certify that the Ph.D. thesis entitled "Soci... more Professor of Sociolinguistics Certificate This is to certify that the Ph.D. thesis entitled "Socio-descriptive study of the dialects of Western Hindi" submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics, is a faithful record of the bonafide research work carried out at the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh by Pallav Vishnu under my guidance and supervision and that no part of it has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. (Prof. S. Imtiaz Hasnain) Supervisor
Aeroponics is a soilless method of growing plants in air with the assistance of water vapor or mi... more Aeroponics is a soilless method of growing plants in air with the assistance of water vapor or mist environment, using an enriched nutrient solution sprayed as a mist, in order to attain faster plant growth. One of the key ideas behind aeroponics is to keep the growth environment pest- and disease-free, so that the plants can grow faster and healthier. In this paper, we propose an automated aeroponics system in which we use sensors for measuring the temperature, humidity, pH value of water, and the light exposure in the environment where plants are grown. An LED grow light is used as source of light for photosynthesis instead of sunlight. The key irrigation apparatus is spray jet which is used to spray nutrient-mixed mist directly to the dense root system. The temperature sensor will sense the temperature of the environment, and if it exceeds beyond the threshold value, the cooling/ventilation system will compensate for it. Similarly, for humidity, the spray jet and a dehumidifier are used to stabilize the environment. The pH control mechanism will keep the pH value around 6.0. We are incorporating Internet of Things (IoT) for continuous monitoring of data, data analysis, and data logging. Data from each sensor are collected at regular intervals of time and are uploaded to a cloud for monitoring, followed by data analysis, for increased productivity. This data can be used to streamline the automation process, and also for other users to increase crop yield.
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2021
Automotive industry is continuously focusing on developing weight efficient engines for better fu... more Automotive industry is continuously focusing on developing weight efficient engines for better fuel economy without altering engine performance. To achieve a trade-off between performance and fuel economy, the design always demands downsizing of engine components with optimum geometry. Crankshaft is such an important component in deciding engine performance and overall weight. Torsional and bending stiffness of crankshaft plays a vital role in its structural integrity, particularly the Critical Cross Section (CCS) which connects main journal and crankpin. In the present study, the objective is to upgrade the crankshaft for higher torsional and bending stiffness and reduce weight without changing its performance. Three geometric shape factors of the crankshaft are identified and optimized in FEA and analyzed in AVL Excite® (1-D) simulation for its structural performance. Study shows the identification of shape factors and effect of their variation on torsional and bending stiffness o...
The global character of modern economic activity demands that translation moves into centre stage... more The global character of modern economic activity demands that translation moves into centre stage from the wigs. Traditional non-literary translation lacks professionalism: The emphasis in such international bodies as the UNO is on interpretation; in the commercial world, most translators got into translating by accident rather than choice. There has been a revolution in the field of commercial translation in the last ten years. A professionally equipped manpower now works with machines that assure speed, consistency, machine-readability and customer-satisfaction.
JL3T ( Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Language Teaching)
Linguistic identity is the common bond that people share when they can understand each other in t... more Linguistic identity is the common bond that people share when they can understand each other in their native tongues, even if they share no other common heritage. Linguistic identity gets trickier when you’re talking about two people who may share linguistic bonds but come from mutually hostile ethnic groups. With racial and ethnic identity, linguistic identity does not exist in isolation; it is frequently yet one more facet of how a person identifies. There’s what we might call “reverse linguistic identity.” As Boas demonstrated over a century ago, everyone has at least three independent identities: race (in the traditional, not the anthropological sense), culture, and language. Language (or linguistic) identity take to mean the speech community with which someone is identified. This is probably always a historical phenomenon, either of birth or of personal choice. Most subjects to personal choice are culture and language, for instance, a given person identifies with, or belongs ...
The collective contribution of all the language studies over the last one hundred years has provi... more The collective contribution of all the language studies over the last one hundred years has provided a convincing evidence that Indian is unique in terms of its language diversity, nature and spread of multilingualism, rich and varied socio-cultural history and heritage, literary output, interlingua exchange, and common linguistic and sociolinguistic languages features across a large number of languages of different language families. The maintenance and coexistence of a large number of languages and speech verities is a living testimony of the vast language heritage of India and its more than two thousand years old tradition of multilingualism. The scholars have recognized the diversity, complexity, and unity of languages, of India and rightly characterized India as a linguistic area, a sociolinguistic giant, a vast laboratory for linguistic change, borrowing adaptation, inter-lingual exchange, and cross cultural understanding and enrichment. The Language Information Services of India (LIS-India) was conceived and to provide information regarding language and dialects planned across the length and breadth of the country. In terms of its coverage of content and languages, it was envisaged to provide answers to most questions that one would like to ask about any or all the Indian languages including English-their grammar, history, functions, scripts, the number of speakers and their spread including PAGE 1
This chapter provides a description of folklores as well as the proverbs and idioms, which are be... more This chapter provides a description of folklores as well as the proverbs and idioms, which are being used freely in the western dialects of Hindi. They are being used in the folk literature in the form of symbols for denoting culture and ethnic diversity of that particular area and region. Attempt has also been made to classify the use of folklore and proverbs in terms of gender.
The eleven vowels of standard Hindi (Khari Boli) can, for purpose of exposition, be divided into ... more The eleven vowels of standard Hindi (Khari Boli) can, for purpose of exposition, be divided into six "simple" vowels (a,ā,i,ī,u,ū,), an "r-like" vowel (r), and four "complex" vowels (e, ai, o, au). The four "simple" vowels (a, ā,i,u) should pose few problems for English speakers, corresponding closely to the vowels in American English bun, fond, hit, and foot respectively. The sounds ī and ū approximate the vowels of English feet and boot, but without the noticeable diphthongal quality of the pronounciation of these English vowels.
As an Indo-Aryan language, Hindi is a branch of the Indo-European family of languages, and thus i... more As an Indo-Aryan language, Hindi is a branch of the Indo-European family of languages, and thus is a distant cousin of English, French, Greek, Russian, Spanish and other Indo-European languages. The name "Hindi" is a Persian word referring to the people who lived in the Sindhu river area. Later the word was used as a name for the language spoken around Delhi. This language has been called by other names, such as Hindus, Hindui and Hindustani. Hindi and Urdu are variants of the same language, which in its common spoken form, used to be called Hindustani. Hindi is written in the Devanagri script derived from one of the scripts used to write Sanskrit, while Urdu is written in a modified version of the Persian script, itself derived from the Arabic script. Along with Urdu, Hindi has been the dominant language of modern India and has had an impact on other Aryan and non-Aryan languages spoken in the country. Today it is spoken in most of India. In terms of the total number of speakers, it ranks third in the world after Chinese and English. The percentage of the population of India that speaks Hindi is growing, and ranges upwards from 45%. Large language communities outside of India, including Nepal,
Professor of Sociolinguistics Certificate This is to certify that the Ph.D. thesis entitled "Soci... more Professor of Sociolinguistics Certificate This is to certify that the Ph.D. thesis entitled "Socio-descriptive study of the dialects of Western Hindi" submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics, is a faithful record of the bonafide research work carried out at the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh by Pallav Vishnu under my guidance and supervision and that no part of it has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. (Prof. S. Imtiaz Hasnain) Supervisor
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