Tomatoes, which are actually a fruit are loaded with all kinds of health benefits for the body. T... more Tomatoes, which are actually a fruit are loaded with all kinds of health benefits for the body. They are delicious too and have tons of vitamins and minerals in them that our body needs. One of the most well known tomato eating benefit is its Lycopene content. Lycopene is a vital anti oxidant that helps in the fight against cancerous cell formation as well as other kinds of health complications and diseases. Lycopene is not a naturally produced element within the body and the human body requires sources of Lycopene in order to make use of this powerful anti-oxidant. Compared to other fruits or vegetables, tomato has high concentration of Lycopene. Cancers such as prostate cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, and cancers of the stomach, mouth, pharynx, and esophagus have all been proven to be staved off by high levels of Lycopene. Although the effect of lycopene is biologically relevant, the tomato is also an excellent source of nutrients, including folate, vitamin C and various other carotenoids and phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, which also may be associated with lower cancer risk. Tomatoes also contain significant quantities of potassium, as well as some vitamin A and vitamin E. A brief overview of tomato and medicinal benefits of its constituents were discussed in this article.
extensively used in folk medicine for the treatment of common cold, flu, and upper respiratory in... more extensively used in folk medicine for the treatment of common cold, flu, and upper respiratory infections and also used as an immune system booster. The methanolic extract of whole plant of Fioria vitifolia was taken under phytochemical investigation. The methanolic extract was partitioned with different solvent system by increasing their polarities using column chromatography, followed by thin layer chromatography for spot identification. Steroids, flavonoids, and triterpenes, gossypin alkaloids have been isolated from the whole part of the plant.The methanolic extract of dried plant of Fioria vitifolia (MEFV) was investigated for anti-inflammatory (carrageenan induced rat paw oedema)and anti-pyretic(brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia)and anti-oxidant activities. It is used in traditional medicine for the relief of pain and inflammation in Tamil nadu, India. Preliminary studies showed the analgesic activity of methanol extract of aerial parts of the plant against Eddy's hot plate ...
Pilot scale up techniques for solid dosage form will provide guid line for the manufacture of lar... more Pilot scale up techniques for solid dosage form will provide guid line for the manufacture of large scale process and this will play a pivotal role in large scale manufacturing. The parameters such as granulation feed rate, compression parameters, temperature and rate of drying will have a critical role in development of any solid dosage form.
Thespesia lampas Dalz. and Gibson (root) is used in traditional medicine for liver ailments in Ke... more Thespesia lampas Dalz. and Gibson (root) is used in traditional medicine for liver ailments in Kerala, India. Preliminary studies showed the hepatoprotective activity of the butanol fraction of alcohol extract of T. lampas root against paracetamol toxicity in rats. In this follow up studies, the major active principle was isolated by column chromatography and identified as geraniin using spectral data. Geraniin showed promising hepatoprotective activity against both CCl4and paracetamol-induced liver damages in rats. The promising anti-hepatotoxic activity of geraniin was not reported previously. Further, this study revealed the presence of geraniin in T. lampas root.
Oral dosage form may have some problems like solubility, absorption and bioavailability. These pr... more Oral dosage form may have some problems like solubility, absorption and bioavailability. These problems are mainly shown in paediatrics and old people. An alternative therapy for patients who may have difficulty in swallowing tablets is a fast dissolving tablets which is quickly dissolved in oral cavity with the help of saliva and no need of liquid to swallow the tablet. Albendazole, a benzimidazole derivative is used in the treatment of worm infestations. In the present study, an attempt has been made to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving tablets of albendazole by using three concentrations of two superdisintegrants namely croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone (0.5%, 1% and 3%w/w). Direct compression method was employed to prepare the tablets. The powder evaluation tests such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and Hausner's ratio were carried. The powder showed good flow property. All the tablet formulations were evaluated for character...
The goal of the present study was to design and evaluate the oral controlled release (CR) of Famo... more The goal of the present study was to design and evaluate the oral controlled release (CR) of Famotidine tablets. CR matrix tablets of Famotidine were prepared by using natural polymer Eudragit RS100 (drug: polymer 1:0.5, 1:0.75, 1:1 ratio) by wet granulation method and compressed into tablets. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density (BD), tapped density (TD), bulkiness, compressibility index (CI) & Hausner's ratio and showed satisfactory flow properties. The tablets were subjected to tests like weight variation, hardness, friability & drug content and all the tablets passed the tests. The invitro release studies were carried out in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 for 10 hours using USP type dissolution apparatus. It was also observed that the release of all the formulations followed the mechanism of both diffusion and erosion. All the formulations were stored at 45±2°C (RH 75±5%) and the stability studies were carried out for 45 days, which showed that the formulat...
Objective: The present work was executed to evaluate the anti diabetic potency of a poly herbal p... more Objective: The present work was executed to evaluate the anti diabetic potency of a poly herbal preparation. The objective of this study is to induce experimental diabetes mellitus using streptozotocin in normal albino wistar rats and studied the antidiabetic activity of polyherbal formulation by comparison of changes in levels of glucose between diabetic and normal rats. Methods:A polyherbal formulation containing 3 antidiabetic herbs leaf parts of Aegle Marmelos, Madhuca indica , rhizome of Costus speciosus was investigated in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Results:The lowest blood glucose levels observed at Day 1,5,10 at the dose levels of 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b/w of polyherbal formulation. The blood glucose levels at 24 hrs after oral administration of 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b/w of polyherbal formulation was significantly lowers the blood glucose levels. Conclusion: The display of synergy or anatagonism by the composite of herbal extracts in ameliorating hype...
A simple, specific, robust, accurate and precise isocratic HPLC method has been developed and sub... more A simple, specific, robust, accurate and precise isocratic HPLC method has been developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous determination of Tolterodine in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Kromosil C18 (250X4.6) mm 5µ with flow rate of 1ml / min by using HPLCJASCO PU-1580 and UV/VIS JASCO UV-1570 at 281 nm. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile: Methanol: Ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.0) in the ratio of 30:30:40 respectively. The retention time for Tolterodine was found to be 4.99 min. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9991. The mean percentage recovery was found to be 102.65. The % estimation of the drugs was found near to 100 % representing the accuracy of the method. The proposed method was also validated and applied for the analysis of drugs in tablet formulation.
Gastro retardation is attractive approach to enhance bioavailability of narrow absorption window ... more Gastro retardation is attractive approach to enhance bioavailability of narrow absorption window drugs. Drug retardation in stomach is more beneficial for certain gastro intestinal disorders like gastro esophageal reflex disease, ulcer and other gastro intestinal conditions. Gastric site retardation is one of the challenging technique, however various techniques are applied to keep the drug and achieve the enhancement of bioavailability. To achieve gastro retentive commonly two approaches are considered, they are floating drug delivery system and non-floating gastro retentive drug delivery system. The floating drug made-up by low density polymers, this approach was not fit many of the drug molecule and floating drug has some limitations like sufficient level fluids in stomach and not to be dosed just before going to bed. In this review describe the various high density (sinking) system (non-floating) drug delivery systems like super porous hydrogels, expanding system, bio/mucoadhesives system, and magnetic system and mechanism, desirable drug characters, advantages and disadvantages.
Metformin is widely used for the treatment of diabetes; the intention of the present study was to... more Metformin is widely used for the treatment of diabetes; the intention of the present study was to formulate Metformin HCl liposomes for a sustained drug delivery system. It have the advantages of dose reduction, less dosing frequency, minimize the side effect, prolong the action of drug and thus achieve better patient compliance. The liposomes were prepared by physical dispersion and ether injection method. Soya lecithin and cholesterol were used for encapsulating the drug, it facilitates to release the medicaments in sustained manner. Chloroform, ether and methanol were used as a solvent. Phosphate buffer pH 6.8 was used as a hydration medium for loading the drug. The final liposome was evaluated in various quality parameters of drug entrapment efficiency, morphological analysis, particle size analysis, in-vitro drug release studies and stability studies. In the two methods of metformin liposome formulation the ether injection method showed prolonged action when compared to physica...
INTRODUCTION The word "tomato" may refer to the plant Solanum lycopersicum. The word &q... more INTRODUCTION The word "tomato" may refer to the plant Solanum lycopersicum. The word "tomato" may actually originate from the Nahautl (Aztecan) word "tomatl" meaning "the swelling fruit" Originally, tomato was named after the food family to which it belongs to the Solanaceae. While it is botanically a fruit, it is considered a vegetable for culinary purposes. The tomato fruit is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes and sauces and in drinks. The fruit is rich in lycopene, which may have beneficial health effects. The tomato belongs to the nightshade family. The plants typically grow to 1–3 meters (3–10 ft) in height and have a weak stem that often sprawls over the ground and vines over other plants. It is a perennial in its native habitat, although often grown outdoors in temperate climates as an annual. 1 Tomatoes grow best under temperatures of 20–27°C. Fruit setting is poor when average temperatures exceed...
Tomatoes, which are actually a fruit are loaded with all kinds of health benefits for the body. T... more Tomatoes, which are actually a fruit are loaded with all kinds of health benefits for the body. They are delicious too and have tons of vitamins and minerals in them that our body needs. One of the most well known tomato eating benefit is its Lycopene content. Lycopene is a vital anti oxidant that helps in the fight against cancerous cell formation as well as other kinds of health complications and diseases. Lycopene is not a naturally produced element within the body and the human body requires sources of Lycopene in order to make use of this powerful anti-oxidant. Compared to other fruits or vegetables, tomato has high concentration of Lycopene. Cancers such as prostate cancer, cervical cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, and cancers of the stomach, mouth, pharynx, and esophagus have all been proven to be staved off by high levels of Lycopene. Although the effect of lycopene is biologically relevant, the tomato is also an excellent source of nutrients, including folate, vitamin C and various other carotenoids and phytochemicals, such as polyphenols, which also may be associated with lower cancer risk. Tomatoes also contain significant quantities of potassium, as well as some vitamin A and vitamin E. A brief overview of tomato and medicinal benefits of its constituents were discussed in this article.
extensively used in folk medicine for the treatment of common cold, flu, and upper respiratory in... more extensively used in folk medicine for the treatment of common cold, flu, and upper respiratory infections and also used as an immune system booster. The methanolic extract of whole plant of Fioria vitifolia was taken under phytochemical investigation. The methanolic extract was partitioned with different solvent system by increasing their polarities using column chromatography, followed by thin layer chromatography for spot identification. Steroids, flavonoids, and triterpenes, gossypin alkaloids have been isolated from the whole part of the plant.The methanolic extract of dried plant of Fioria vitifolia (MEFV) was investigated for anti-inflammatory (carrageenan induced rat paw oedema)and anti-pyretic(brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia)and anti-oxidant activities. It is used in traditional medicine for the relief of pain and inflammation in Tamil nadu, India. Preliminary studies showed the analgesic activity of methanol extract of aerial parts of the plant against Eddy's hot plate ...
Pilot scale up techniques for solid dosage form will provide guid line for the manufacture of lar... more Pilot scale up techniques for solid dosage form will provide guid line for the manufacture of large scale process and this will play a pivotal role in large scale manufacturing. The parameters such as granulation feed rate, compression parameters, temperature and rate of drying will have a critical role in development of any solid dosage form.
Thespesia lampas Dalz. and Gibson (root) is used in traditional medicine for liver ailments in Ke... more Thespesia lampas Dalz. and Gibson (root) is used in traditional medicine for liver ailments in Kerala, India. Preliminary studies showed the hepatoprotective activity of the butanol fraction of alcohol extract of T. lampas root against paracetamol toxicity in rats. In this follow up studies, the major active principle was isolated by column chromatography and identified as geraniin using spectral data. Geraniin showed promising hepatoprotective activity against both CCl4and paracetamol-induced liver damages in rats. The promising anti-hepatotoxic activity of geraniin was not reported previously. Further, this study revealed the presence of geraniin in T. lampas root.
Oral dosage form may have some problems like solubility, absorption and bioavailability. These pr... more Oral dosage form may have some problems like solubility, absorption and bioavailability. These problems are mainly shown in paediatrics and old people. An alternative therapy for patients who may have difficulty in swallowing tablets is a fast dissolving tablets which is quickly dissolved in oral cavity with the help of saliva and no need of liquid to swallow the tablet. Albendazole, a benzimidazole derivative is used in the treatment of worm infestations. In the present study, an attempt has been made to formulate and evaluate fast dissolving tablets of albendazole by using three concentrations of two superdisintegrants namely croscarmellose sodium and crospovidone (0.5%, 1% and 3%w/w). Direct compression method was employed to prepare the tablets. The powder evaluation tests such as angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index and Hausner's ratio were carried. The powder showed good flow property. All the tablet formulations were evaluated for character...
The goal of the present study was to design and evaluate the oral controlled release (CR) of Famo... more The goal of the present study was to design and evaluate the oral controlled release (CR) of Famotidine tablets. CR matrix tablets of Famotidine were prepared by using natural polymer Eudragit RS100 (drug: polymer 1:0.5, 1:0.75, 1:1 ratio) by wet granulation method and compressed into tablets. The granules were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density (BD), tapped density (TD), bulkiness, compressibility index (CI) & Hausner's ratio and showed satisfactory flow properties. The tablets were subjected to tests like weight variation, hardness, friability & drug content and all the tablets passed the tests. The invitro release studies were carried out in phosphate buffer pH 7.4 for 10 hours using USP type dissolution apparatus. It was also observed that the release of all the formulations followed the mechanism of both diffusion and erosion. All the formulations were stored at 45±2°C (RH 75±5%) and the stability studies were carried out for 45 days, which showed that the formulat...
Objective: The present work was executed to evaluate the anti diabetic potency of a poly herbal p... more Objective: The present work was executed to evaluate the anti diabetic potency of a poly herbal preparation. The objective of this study is to induce experimental diabetes mellitus using streptozotocin in normal albino wistar rats and studied the antidiabetic activity of polyherbal formulation by comparison of changes in levels of glucose between diabetic and normal rats. Methods:A polyherbal formulation containing 3 antidiabetic herbs leaf parts of Aegle Marmelos, Madhuca indica , rhizome of Costus speciosus was investigated in normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Results:The lowest blood glucose levels observed at Day 1,5,10 at the dose levels of 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b/w of polyherbal formulation. The blood glucose levels at 24 hrs after oral administration of 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b/w of polyherbal formulation was significantly lowers the blood glucose levels. Conclusion: The display of synergy or anatagonism by the composite of herbal extracts in ameliorating hype...
A simple, specific, robust, accurate and precise isocratic HPLC method has been developed and sub... more A simple, specific, robust, accurate and precise isocratic HPLC method has been developed and subsequently validated for simultaneous determination of Tolterodine in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Kromosil C18 (250X4.6) mm 5µ with flow rate of 1ml / min by using HPLCJASCO PU-1580 and UV/VIS JASCO UV-1570 at 281 nm. The separation was carried out using a mobile phase consisting of Acetonitrile: Methanol: Ammonium acetate buffer (pH 3.0) in the ratio of 30:30:40 respectively. The retention time for Tolterodine was found to be 4.99 min. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.9991. The mean percentage recovery was found to be 102.65. The % estimation of the drugs was found near to 100 % representing the accuracy of the method. The proposed method was also validated and applied for the analysis of drugs in tablet formulation.
Gastro retardation is attractive approach to enhance bioavailability of narrow absorption window ... more Gastro retardation is attractive approach to enhance bioavailability of narrow absorption window drugs. Drug retardation in stomach is more beneficial for certain gastro intestinal disorders like gastro esophageal reflex disease, ulcer and other gastro intestinal conditions. Gastric site retardation is one of the challenging technique, however various techniques are applied to keep the drug and achieve the enhancement of bioavailability. To achieve gastro retentive commonly two approaches are considered, they are floating drug delivery system and non-floating gastro retentive drug delivery system. The floating drug made-up by low density polymers, this approach was not fit many of the drug molecule and floating drug has some limitations like sufficient level fluids in stomach and not to be dosed just before going to bed. In this review describe the various high density (sinking) system (non-floating) drug delivery systems like super porous hydrogels, expanding system, bio/mucoadhesives system, and magnetic system and mechanism, desirable drug characters, advantages and disadvantages.
Metformin is widely used for the treatment of diabetes; the intention of the present study was to... more Metformin is widely used for the treatment of diabetes; the intention of the present study was to formulate Metformin HCl liposomes for a sustained drug delivery system. It have the advantages of dose reduction, less dosing frequency, minimize the side effect, prolong the action of drug and thus achieve better patient compliance. The liposomes were prepared by physical dispersion and ether injection method. Soya lecithin and cholesterol were used for encapsulating the drug, it facilitates to release the medicaments in sustained manner. Chloroform, ether and methanol were used as a solvent. Phosphate buffer pH 6.8 was used as a hydration medium for loading the drug. The final liposome was evaluated in various quality parameters of drug entrapment efficiency, morphological analysis, particle size analysis, in-vitro drug release studies and stability studies. In the two methods of metformin liposome formulation the ether injection method showed prolonged action when compared to physica...
INTRODUCTION The word "tomato" may refer to the plant Solanum lycopersicum. The word &q... more INTRODUCTION The word "tomato" may refer to the plant Solanum lycopersicum. The word "tomato" may actually originate from the Nahautl (Aztecan) word "tomatl" meaning "the swelling fruit" Originally, tomato was named after the food family to which it belongs to the Solanaceae. While it is botanically a fruit, it is considered a vegetable for culinary purposes. The tomato fruit is consumed in diverse ways, including raw, as an ingredient in many dishes and sauces and in drinks. The fruit is rich in lycopene, which may have beneficial health effects. The tomato belongs to the nightshade family. The plants typically grow to 1–3 meters (3–10 ft) in height and have a weak stem that often sprawls over the ground and vines over other plants. It is a perennial in its native habitat, although often grown outdoors in temperate climates as an annual. 1 Tomatoes grow best under temperatures of 20–27°C. Fruit setting is poor when average temperatures exceed...
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