An experiment was performed to determine whether there would be a difference in insight between a... more An experiment was performed to determine whether there would be a difference in insight between an inferential problem expressed in a symbolic and in a realistic form. The task consisted of the selection of cards which, if turned over, could violate a given rule. The logical relation which the rule expressed was that of material implication, presented in four different linguistic forms. In addition, the rule expressed either an arbitrary relation between symbols, or a realistic relation between supposed states of affairs. There was a large difference between the symbolic condition and realistic condition: only 7 out of 24 subjects made the correct response in the symbolic condition, whereas 18 of them did so in the realistic condition. There was an interaction between the linguistic form of the rule and the mode of presentation of the problem, and a different error pattern for different linguistic forms. It is argued that the crucial underlying variables in the realistic condition m...
Het doel van dit onderzoek was om een verkennend en interpreterend observatie-onderzoek uit te vo... more Het doel van dit onderzoek was om een verkennend en interpreterend observatie-onderzoek uit te voeren naar het beslissen in de raadkamer met als doel een zo nauwgezet mogelijke beschrijving te geven van wat zich aan beslissingssituaties en gedragingen voordoen en deze observaties waar mogelijk te interpreteren vanuit de door de psychologie op andere beslissingsgebieden ontwikkelde theorieen.
Het doel van dit onderzoek was om een verkennend en interpreterend observatie-onderzoek uit te vo... more Het doel van dit onderzoek was om een verkennend en interpreterend observatie-onderzoek uit te voeren naar het beslissen in de raadkamer met als doel een zo nauwgezet mogelijke beschrijving te geven van wat zich aan beslissingssituaties en gedragingen voordoen en deze observaties waar mogelijk te interpreteren vanuit de door de psychologie op andere beslissingsgebieden ontwikkelde theorieen.
... 77 the Belgian cigarette black market Tom Vander Beken, Jelle Janssens, Karen Verpoest, Annel... more ... 77 the Belgian cigarette black market Tom Vander Beken, Jelle Janssens, Karen Verpoest, Annelies Balcaen, and Freya Vander Laenen previously published in: Tobacco Control, (2008), vol. ... Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers Criminals are not alone: Some observations on the ...
Dutch policy makers, as elsewhere, have a strong belief in the effectiveness of asset recovery le... more Dutch policy makers, as elsewhere, have a strong belief in the effectiveness of asset recovery legislation. There are high expectations concerning the amounts of crime money to be collected, and the collection thereof would enable theauthorities to tackle serious, organized crime and fill the treasury. However, the results of the authors’ empirical research into the actual execution of ‘recovery orders’ show a different image. The majority of asset recovery cases concerns cases with low payment obligations (under ¼5,000), indicating that mainly ‘smaller fishes’ are targeted. In general, the collection of crime money proves to be a difficult endeavour. Large amounts are not collected and there are long execution times. Policy makers who publicly announce high expectations, and who budget the expected incomes from asset recovery, do not practice evidence-based policy making and give leeway to false hopes which then require new (legislative) measures.
Hidden in the shadow of a fear image Three offenders, well-dressed gentlemen from three countries... more Hidden in the shadow of a fear image Three offenders, well-dressed gentlemen from three countries, met regularly but stealthily in Switzerland at prearranged places no one knew about. They arrived at different times with different forms of transport. They were not allowed to use a fixed telephone line or a fax, but only could use their prepaid mobile phone. In the town of meeting they were also not allowed to use credit cards, take money from cash dispensers or to perform any other transaction, which might leave traces. For that reasons the Swiss trustee (Treuhand), who was in charge of preparing and guiding these secret meetings, paid the hotel bills in cash with no names mentioned. This Swiss Treuhand functioned as caretaker, secretary and host, but had no other dealings with the businesses of the three gentlemen. He knew the trade figures, which would be discussed. He saw to it that the participants received these just a day before the meeting, and that they were not taken home. After each meeting all documentary evidence was destroyed. Who were these gentlemen and in what kind of business were they involved? Were they weapons dealers; cocaine traffickers, discussing the market opportunities and prices of their commodity; money launderers weighing the currency figures before pumping the dirty money of organised crime into the clean pipelines of the international financial system? They met none of these sinister characteristics. They were leading managers representing three major chemical internationals: the Dutch chemical corporation AKZO, the German Peroxid Chemical and the French Atochem, together controlling 85 percent of the European market of organic peroxides. For 30 years they formed a cartel until personal relationships soured and AKZO stepped out of the cartel, and as any other common underworld villain, ratted on its fellow 'criminals', for which the European Commission rewarded it with lenient treatment. 2
Ten behoeve van zijn jaarverslag besloot de Hoge Raad in de herfst van 1988 om de tot dan toe han... more Ten behoeve van zijn jaarverslag besloot de Hoge Raad in de herfst van 1988 om de tot dan toe handmatige cijferverzameling stelselmatiger op te zetten door een geautomatiseerd statistiekbestand te doen opbouwen. Hiertoe werden in overleg met het WODC de benodigde instrument en ontwikkeld. Deze bestaan voor 1988 en 1989 uit vier formulieren, waarin kernvariabelen voor vier soorten zaken zijn opgenomen: gewone strafzaken, uitleveringen, rekestzaken (beschikkingen) en aanvragen tot herziening van arresten en vonnissen die in kracht van gewijsde zijn gegaan. In dit verslag wordt een statistische beschrijving gegeven van het bestand van de door de strafkamer van de Hoge Raad in 1988 en 1989 afgedane zaken.
An experiment was performed to determine whether there would be a difference in insight between a... more An experiment was performed to determine whether there would be a difference in insight between an inferential problem expressed in a symbolic and in a realistic form. The task consisted of the selection of cards which, if turned over, could violate a given rule. The logical relation which the rule expressed was that of material implication, presented in four different linguistic forms. In addition, the rule expressed either an arbitrary relation between symbols, or a realistic relation between supposed states of affairs. There was a large difference between the symbolic condition and realistic condition: only 7 out of 24 subjects made the correct response in the symbolic condition, whereas 18 of them did so in the realistic condition. There was an interaction between the linguistic form of the rule and the mode of presentation of the problem, and a different error pattern for different linguistic forms. It is argued that the crucial underlying variables in the realistic condition m...
Het doel van dit onderzoek was om een verkennend en interpreterend observatie-onderzoek uit te vo... more Het doel van dit onderzoek was om een verkennend en interpreterend observatie-onderzoek uit te voeren naar het beslissen in de raadkamer met als doel een zo nauwgezet mogelijke beschrijving te geven van wat zich aan beslissingssituaties en gedragingen voordoen en deze observaties waar mogelijk te interpreteren vanuit de door de psychologie op andere beslissingsgebieden ontwikkelde theorieen.
Het doel van dit onderzoek was om een verkennend en interpreterend observatie-onderzoek uit te vo... more Het doel van dit onderzoek was om een verkennend en interpreterend observatie-onderzoek uit te voeren naar het beslissen in de raadkamer met als doel een zo nauwgezet mogelijke beschrijving te geven van wat zich aan beslissingssituaties en gedragingen voordoen en deze observaties waar mogelijk te interpreteren vanuit de door de psychologie op andere beslissingsgebieden ontwikkelde theorieen.
... 77 the Belgian cigarette black market Tom Vander Beken, Jelle Janssens, Karen Verpoest, Annel... more ... 77 the Belgian cigarette black market Tom Vander Beken, Jelle Janssens, Karen Verpoest, Annelies Balcaen, and Freya Vander Laenen previously published in: Tobacco Control, (2008), vol. ... Nijmegen: Wolf Legal Publishers Criminals are not alone: Some observations on the ...
Dutch policy makers, as elsewhere, have a strong belief in the effectiveness of asset recovery le... more Dutch policy makers, as elsewhere, have a strong belief in the effectiveness of asset recovery legislation. There are high expectations concerning the amounts of crime money to be collected, and the collection thereof would enable theauthorities to tackle serious, organized crime and fill the treasury. However, the results of the authors’ empirical research into the actual execution of ‘recovery orders’ show a different image. The majority of asset recovery cases concerns cases with low payment obligations (under ¼5,000), indicating that mainly ‘smaller fishes’ are targeted. In general, the collection of crime money proves to be a difficult endeavour. Large amounts are not collected and there are long execution times. Policy makers who publicly announce high expectations, and who budget the expected incomes from asset recovery, do not practice evidence-based policy making and give leeway to false hopes which then require new (legislative) measures.
Hidden in the shadow of a fear image Three offenders, well-dressed gentlemen from three countries... more Hidden in the shadow of a fear image Three offenders, well-dressed gentlemen from three countries, met regularly but stealthily in Switzerland at prearranged places no one knew about. They arrived at different times with different forms of transport. They were not allowed to use a fixed telephone line or a fax, but only could use their prepaid mobile phone. In the town of meeting they were also not allowed to use credit cards, take money from cash dispensers or to perform any other transaction, which might leave traces. For that reasons the Swiss trustee (Treuhand), who was in charge of preparing and guiding these secret meetings, paid the hotel bills in cash with no names mentioned. This Swiss Treuhand functioned as caretaker, secretary and host, but had no other dealings with the businesses of the three gentlemen. He knew the trade figures, which would be discussed. He saw to it that the participants received these just a day before the meeting, and that they were not taken home. After each meeting all documentary evidence was destroyed. Who were these gentlemen and in what kind of business were they involved? Were they weapons dealers; cocaine traffickers, discussing the market opportunities and prices of their commodity; money launderers weighing the currency figures before pumping the dirty money of organised crime into the clean pipelines of the international financial system? They met none of these sinister characteristics. They were leading managers representing three major chemical internationals: the Dutch chemical corporation AKZO, the German Peroxid Chemical and the French Atochem, together controlling 85 percent of the European market of organic peroxides. For 30 years they formed a cartel until personal relationships soured and AKZO stepped out of the cartel, and as any other common underworld villain, ratted on its fellow 'criminals', for which the European Commission rewarded it with lenient treatment. 2
Ten behoeve van zijn jaarverslag besloot de Hoge Raad in de herfst van 1988 om de tot dan toe han... more Ten behoeve van zijn jaarverslag besloot de Hoge Raad in de herfst van 1988 om de tot dan toe handmatige cijferverzameling stelselmatiger op te zetten door een geautomatiseerd statistiekbestand te doen opbouwen. Hiertoe werden in overleg met het WODC de benodigde instrument en ontwikkeld. Deze bestaan voor 1988 en 1989 uit vier formulieren, waarin kernvariabelen voor vier soorten zaken zijn opgenomen: gewone strafzaken, uitleveringen, rekestzaken (beschikkingen) en aanvragen tot herziening van arresten en vonnissen die in kracht van gewijsde zijn gegaan. In dit verslag wordt een statistische beschrijving gegeven van het bestand van de door de strafkamer van de Hoge Raad in 1988 en 1989 afgedane zaken.
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