summary:In this paper, we introduce a set of methods for processing and analyzing long time serie... more summary:In this paper, we introduce a set of methods for processing and analyzing long time series of 3D images representing embryo evolution. The images are obtained by in vivo scanning using a confocal microscope where one of the channels represents the cell nuclei and the other one the cell membranes. Our image processing chain consists of three steps: image filtering, object counting (center detection) and segmentation. The corresponding methods are based on numerical solution of nonlinear PDEs, namely the geodesic mean curvature flow model, flux-based level set center detection and generalized subjective surface equation. All three models have a similar character and therefore can be solved using a common approach. We explain in details our semi-implicit time discretization and finite volume space discretization. This part is concluded by a short description of parallelization of the algorithms. In the part devoted to experiments, we provide the experimental order of convergenc...
This Chapter extends some economic models that take advantage of a formalism inspired from statis... more This Chapter extends some economic models that take advantage of a formalism inspired from statistical mechanics to account for social influence in individual decisions. Starting with a framework suggested by Durlauf, Blume and Brock, we introduce three classes of models shifting progressively from rational towards adaptive expectations. We discuss the risk and opportunity of transposing the tools, methods and concepts from statistical mechanics to economics. We also analyze some issues seldom addressed, such as a comparison between two models of heterogeneous idiosyncratic preferences, corresponding to cases with quenched and annealed disorder in statistical physics, respectively.
Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract We provide a retrospective of 25 years of the ... more Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract We provide a retrospective of 25 years of the International Conference on AI and Law, which was first held in 1987. Fifty papers have been selected from the thirteen conferences and each of them is described in a short subsection indi-vidually written by one of the 24 authors. These subsections attempt to place the
For guidance on citations see FAQs. c ○ 2012 The Author(s). This article is published with open a... more For guidance on citations see FAQs. c ○ 2012 The Author(s). This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website:
The eld of artiicial life (ALife) raises not only scientiic but also philosophical questions, que... more The eld of artiicial life (ALife) raises not only scientiic but also philosophical questions, questions reaching into the heart of metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. In part, ALife provides a fresh and rich context in which to consider longstanding philosophical concerns, but it also raises wholly new and distinctive questions. Some pertain to the practice of ALife science and a few concern intellectual bookkeeping, but the bulk are rst-order questions about the nature of life and vital phenomena. The issues raised can be catalogued under ve topics: (1) fundamental deeni-tions, (2) artiicial intelligence, (3) functionalism, (4) emergence, and (5) ethics. More than just raising these questions, reeection on ALife promises to provide the wherewithall to answer them, too. This paper clariies fourteen questions and places them in the context of ALife research, with the aim of encouraging attempts to answer them. There is a new interdisciplinary science|\artiicial life" (or \ALi...
When the electromagnet (relay) is energized, the plunger is pulled into the coil against the bias... more When the electromagnet (relay) is energized, the plunger is pulled into the coil against the bias of the plunger spring. The pin projecting laterally from the plunger is captive in the opening in the cam pivoted on the frame. The pin moves down and strikes a ramp portion in the cam and is deflected to the bottom of the notch where it impacts the cam and rotates it to a position in which the cam surface actuates the switch actuator. The internal switch spring acting on the actuator exerts force on the cam surface and cooperates with the contour to hold the cam in either position. When the coil is de-energized, the plunger moves out and the pin is deflected by the return guide surface of the frame to pass to the opposite side of the cam centerline and into position to actuate the cam in the opposite sense when the coil is again energized.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, 2010
Viability theory is a very attractive theoretical approach for the modeling of complex dynamical ... more Viability theory is a very attractive theoretical approach for the modeling of complex dynamical systems. However, its scope of application is limited due to the high computational power it necessitates. Evolutionary computation is a convenient way to address some issues related to this theory. In this paper, we present a multiobjective evolutionary approach to address the optimisation problem related to the computation of optimal command profiles of a complex process. The application we address here is a real size problem from dairy industry, the modeling of a Camembert cheese ripening process. We have developed a parallel implementation of a multiobjective EA that has produced a Pareto front of optimal control profiles (or trajectories), with respect to four objectives. The Pareto front was then analysed by an expert who selected a interesting compromise, yielding a new control profile that seems promising for industrial applications.
Artificial Life 14: Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems, 2014
We propose an original 2D agent-based model of biological "autopoiesis", the process by which a c... more We propose an original 2D agent-based model of biological "autopoiesis", the process by which a cell creates and continuously regenerates itself, considered one of the defining characteristics of life. In the space of our simulations, the positions of free molecules are continuous, and polymerized membrane components are regularly arranged (plus noise). While autopoiesis commonly refers to the self-driven maintenance of a system, we also follow Varela's historical study of emergence, and show that the same model can account for both selfperpetuation and self-formation-a step toward uniting the three main perspectives on life: origins, autopoiesis, and replication. Exploring different initial and environmental conditions, we observe that destructive reactions are important for the survival of our autopoietic system, and evaluate their impact on its lifespan. The tendency of cells to form spurious outgrowths is counteracted by moderate decay of the membrane.
Contribution à l'optimisation économique des réseaux arborescents de transport de l'eau. Dimensio... more Contribution à l'optimisation économique des réseaux arborescents de transport de l'eau. Dimensionnement d'un organe hydraulique Contribution to the ec.onomic optimization of water transport branched networks. Dimensioning of a hydraulic section
1990 IJCNN International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 1990
A generalist-specialist paradigm for building neural networks is presented. The underlying princi... more A generalist-specialist paradigm for building neural networks is presented. The underlying principle is derived from an analogy with medicine. In most cases, a general practitioner or generalist is able to make a sure diagnosis: however, the generalist sometimes hesitates between several diagnoses and chooses to send his patient to see one or several specialists. This neural network architecture offers many
[Proceedings] 1991 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks
The authors investigate the potential of multilayer artificial neural networks for simulating the... more The authors investigate the potential of multilayer artificial neural networks for simulating the dynamic behavior of batch reactors, i.e., chemical reactors or bioreactors. The databases used for training the neural networks consist of several types of data: initial conditions, command parameters, and observations on the process state at different steps during operation. Several architectures of multilayer neural networks have been
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2007
We discuss application of nonlinear PDE based methods to filtering of 3-D confocal images of embr... more We discuss application of nonlinear PDE based methods to filtering of 3-D confocal images of embryogenesis. We focus on the mean curvature driven and the regularized Perona-Malik equations, where standard as well as newly suggested edge detectors are used. After presenting the related mathematical models, the practical results are given and discussed by visual inspection and quantitatively using the mean Hausdorff distance.
This paper deals with bounded rationality as a way to describe behavior and focuses on the questi... more This paper deals with bounded rationality as a way to describe behavior and focuses on the question of how to build such boundedly rational models. The ®rst part is a discussion of the reasons why such models are needed and on the situations in which they can be regarded as more particularly useful. The second part examines three strategies of research towards bounded rationality modeling which have emerged in the last ten years and weights them. The concluding remarks offer a ®rst link between the respective typologies of strategies and of situations and calls for additional experimental work by marketing scientists and economists together.
The project will devise new theory and implement new ICT-based methods of delivering high-quality... more The project will devise new theory and implement new ICT-based methods of delivering high-quality low-cost postgraduate education to many thousands of people in a scalable way, with the cost of each extra student being negligible (< a few Euros). The research will create an in vivo laboratory of one to ten thousand postgraduate students studying courses in complex systems. This community is chosen because it is large and interdisciplinary and there is a known requirement for courses for thousand of students across Europe. The project involves every aspect of course production and delivery. Within this the research focused on the creation of a Socially Intelligent Resource Mining system to gather large volumes of high quality educational resources from the internet; new methods to deconstruct these to produce a semantically tagged Learning Object Database; a Living Course Ecology to support the creation and maintenance of evolving course materials; systems to deliver courses; and ...
summary:In this paper, we introduce a set of methods for processing and analyzing long time serie... more summary:In this paper, we introduce a set of methods for processing and analyzing long time series of 3D images representing embryo evolution. The images are obtained by in vivo scanning using a confocal microscope where one of the channels represents the cell nuclei and the other one the cell membranes. Our image processing chain consists of three steps: image filtering, object counting (center detection) and segmentation. The corresponding methods are based on numerical solution of nonlinear PDEs, namely the geodesic mean curvature flow model, flux-based level set center detection and generalized subjective surface equation. All three models have a similar character and therefore can be solved using a common approach. We explain in details our semi-implicit time discretization and finite volume space discretization. This part is concluded by a short description of parallelization of the algorithms. In the part devoted to experiments, we provide the experimental order of convergenc...
This Chapter extends some economic models that take advantage of a formalism inspired from statis... more This Chapter extends some economic models that take advantage of a formalism inspired from statistical mechanics to account for social influence in individual decisions. Starting with a framework suggested by Durlauf, Blume and Brock, we introduce three classes of models shifting progressively from rational towards adaptive expectations. We discuss the risk and opportunity of transposing the tools, methods and concepts from statistical mechanics to economics. We also analyze some issues seldom addressed, such as a comparison between two models of heterogeneous idiosyncratic preferences, corresponding to cases with quenched and annealed disorder in statistical physics, respectively.
Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract We provide a retrospective of 25 years of the ... more Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012 Abstract We provide a retrospective of 25 years of the International Conference on AI and Law, which was first held in 1987. Fifty papers have been selected from the thirteen conferences and each of them is described in a short subsection indi-vidually written by one of the 24 authors. These subsections attempt to place the
For guidance on citations see FAQs. c ○ 2012 The Author(s). This article is published with open a... more For guidance on citations see FAQs. c ○ 2012 The Author(s). This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website:
The eld of artiicial life (ALife) raises not only scientiic but also philosophical questions, que... more The eld of artiicial life (ALife) raises not only scientiic but also philosophical questions, questions reaching into the heart of metaphysics, epistemology, and ethics. In part, ALife provides a fresh and rich context in which to consider longstanding philosophical concerns, but it also raises wholly new and distinctive questions. Some pertain to the practice of ALife science and a few concern intellectual bookkeeping, but the bulk are rst-order questions about the nature of life and vital phenomena. The issues raised can be catalogued under ve topics: (1) fundamental deeni-tions, (2) artiicial intelligence, (3) functionalism, (4) emergence, and (5) ethics. More than just raising these questions, reeection on ALife promises to provide the wherewithall to answer them, too. This paper clariies fourteen questions and places them in the context of ALife research, with the aim of encouraging attempts to answer them. There is a new interdisciplinary science|\artiicial life" (or \ALi...
When the electromagnet (relay) is energized, the plunger is pulled into the coil against the bias... more When the electromagnet (relay) is energized, the plunger is pulled into the coil against the bias of the plunger spring. The pin projecting laterally from the plunger is captive in the opening in the cam pivoted on the frame. The pin moves down and strikes a ramp portion in the cam and is deflected to the bottom of the notch where it impacts the cam and rotates it to a position in which the cam surface actuates the switch actuator. The internal switch spring acting on the actuator exerts force on the cam surface and cooperates with the contour to hold the cam in either position. When the coil is de-energized, the plunger moves out and the pin is deflected by the return guide surface of the frame to pass to the opposite side of the cam centerline and into position to actuate the cam in the opposite sense when the coil is again energized.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Evolutionary Computation, 2010
Viability theory is a very attractive theoretical approach for the modeling of complex dynamical ... more Viability theory is a very attractive theoretical approach for the modeling of complex dynamical systems. However, its scope of application is limited due to the high computational power it necessitates. Evolutionary computation is a convenient way to address some issues related to this theory. In this paper, we present a multiobjective evolutionary approach to address the optimisation problem related to the computation of optimal command profiles of a complex process. The application we address here is a real size problem from dairy industry, the modeling of a Camembert cheese ripening process. We have developed a parallel implementation of a multiobjective EA that has produced a Pareto front of optimal control profiles (or trajectories), with respect to four objectives. The Pareto front was then analysed by an expert who selected a interesting compromise, yielding a new control profile that seems promising for industrial applications.
Artificial Life 14: Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Conference on the Synthesis and Simulation of Living Systems, 2014
We propose an original 2D agent-based model of biological "autopoiesis", the process by which a c... more We propose an original 2D agent-based model of biological "autopoiesis", the process by which a cell creates and continuously regenerates itself, considered one of the defining characteristics of life. In the space of our simulations, the positions of free molecules are continuous, and polymerized membrane components are regularly arranged (plus noise). While autopoiesis commonly refers to the self-driven maintenance of a system, we also follow Varela's historical study of emergence, and show that the same model can account for both selfperpetuation and self-formation-a step toward uniting the three main perspectives on life: origins, autopoiesis, and replication. Exploring different initial and environmental conditions, we observe that destructive reactions are important for the survival of our autopoietic system, and evaluate their impact on its lifespan. The tendency of cells to form spurious outgrowths is counteracted by moderate decay of the membrane.
Contribution à l'optimisation économique des réseaux arborescents de transport de l'eau. Dimensio... more Contribution à l'optimisation économique des réseaux arborescents de transport de l'eau. Dimensionnement d'un organe hydraulique Contribution to the ec.onomic optimization of water transport branched networks. Dimensioning of a hydraulic section
1990 IJCNN International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, 1990
A generalist-specialist paradigm for building neural networks is presented. The underlying princi... more A generalist-specialist paradigm for building neural networks is presented. The underlying principle is derived from an analogy with medicine. In most cases, a general practitioner or generalist is able to make a sure diagnosis: however, the generalist sometimes hesitates between several diagnoses and chooses to send his patient to see one or several specialists. This neural network architecture offers many
[Proceedings] 1991 IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks
The authors investigate the potential of multilayer artificial neural networks for simulating the... more The authors investigate the potential of multilayer artificial neural networks for simulating the dynamic behavior of batch reactors, i.e., chemical reactors or bioreactors. The databases used for training the neural networks consist of several types of data: initial conditions, command parameters, and observations on the process state at different steps during operation. Several architectures of multilayer neural networks have been
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2007
We discuss application of nonlinear PDE based methods to filtering of 3-D confocal images of embr... more We discuss application of nonlinear PDE based methods to filtering of 3-D confocal images of embryogenesis. We focus on the mean curvature driven and the regularized Perona-Malik equations, where standard as well as newly suggested edge detectors are used. After presenting the related mathematical models, the practical results are given and discussed by visual inspection and quantitatively using the mean Hausdorff distance.
This paper deals with bounded rationality as a way to describe behavior and focuses on the questi... more This paper deals with bounded rationality as a way to describe behavior and focuses on the question of how to build such boundedly rational models. The ®rst part is a discussion of the reasons why such models are needed and on the situations in which they can be regarded as more particularly useful. The second part examines three strategies of research towards bounded rationality modeling which have emerged in the last ten years and weights them. The concluding remarks offer a ®rst link between the respective typologies of strategies and of situations and calls for additional experimental work by marketing scientists and economists together.
The project will devise new theory and implement new ICT-based methods of delivering high-quality... more The project will devise new theory and implement new ICT-based methods of delivering high-quality low-cost postgraduate education to many thousands of people in a scalable way, with the cost of each extra student being negligible (< a few Euros). The research will create an in vivo laboratory of one to ten thousand postgraduate students studying courses in complex systems. This community is chosen because it is large and interdisciplinary and there is a known requirement for courses for thousand of students across Europe. The project involves every aspect of course production and delivery. Within this the research focused on the creation of a Socially Intelligent Resource Mining system to gather large volumes of high quality educational resources from the internet; new methods to deconstruct these to produce a semantically tagged Learning Object Database; a Living Course Ecology to support the creation and maintenance of evolving course materials; systems to deliver courses; and ...
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